ubuntu.sh

# https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM64/QEMU

# Install QEMU and the EFI image for QEMU:
 $ sudo apt-get install qemu-system-arm qemu-efi
# Now you'll need to create pflash volumes for UEFI. Two volumes are required, one static one for the UEFI firmware, and another dynamic one to store variables. Both need to be exactly 64M in size.
 $ dd if=/dev/zero of=flash0.img bs=1M count=64
 $ dd if=/usr/share/qemu-efi/QEMU_EFI.fd of=flash0.img conv=notrunc
 $ dd if=/dev/zero of=flash1.img bs=1M count=64
# Now you should be able to boot/ into a -arm64-uefi1.img type cloud image.

# For accelerated VMs (arm64 host w/ KVM support)
  $ sudo qemu-system-aarch64 -enable-kvm -m 1024 -cpu host -M virt -nographic -pflash flash0.img -pflash flash1.img -drive if=none,file=vivid-server-cloudimg-arm64-uefi1.img,id=hd0 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0 -netdev type=tap,id=net0 -device virtio-net-device,netdev=net0,mac=$randmac
# Note: For GICv3 systems, such as Cavium ThunderX, you must use QEMU from Ubuntu 16.04 or newer, and pass "-M virt,gic-version=3". Additionally, you must use a 15.10 (wily) or newer cloud image for guests.

For emulated VMs (e.g. x86 host)
  $ sudo qemu-system-aarch64 -m 1024 -cpu cortex-a57 -M virt -nographic -pflash flash0.img -pflash flash1.img -drive if=none,file=vivid-server-cloudimg-arm64-uefi1.img,id=hd0 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0 -netdev type=tap,id=net0 -device virtio-net-device,netdev=net0,mac=$randmac
References

ubuntu_cloud_image.sh

# mkpasswd --method=SHA-512 --rounds=4096

profile(){
    prikey=`cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub`
    cat > x.txt << EOF
#cloud-config
users:
  - name: xuke
    ssh-authorized-keys:
      - $prikey
    sudo: ['ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL']
    passwd: \$6\$rounds=4096\$CAf6H4TGAWvKV\$24SQh0zjDta.8dpDOlmiLqn87VSnkl5.APQFs.yh3rqqMAyWN1YDRd47Haa4uILfCjbUaOSf9399dPrO56cAd.
    lock_passwd: false
    ssh_pwauth: True
    groups: sudo
    shell: /bin/bash
apt:
  primary:
    - arches: [default]
      uri: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/
EOF
    rm cloud.img
    cloud-localds --disk-format qcow2 cloud.img x.txt
    cat x.txt
    rm x.txt
}

download(){
    wget https://releases.linaro.org/components/kernel/uefi-linaro/16.02/release/qemu64/QEMU_EFI.fd -O QEMU_EFI.fd
    wget https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/focal/20211212/focal-server-cloudimg-arm64.img -O focal-server-cloudimg-arm64.img -c
}

create(){
    apt install -y whois
    download
    profile

}

run(){
  qemu-system-aarch64 \
    -smp 2 \
    -m 4096 \
    -M virt \
    -cpu cortex-a57 \
    -bios QEMU_EFI.fd \
    -nographic \
    -device virtio-blk-device,drive=image \
    -drive if=none,id=image,file=focal-server-cloudimg-arm64.img \
    -device virtio-blk-device,drive=cloud \
    -drive if=none,id=cloud,file=cloud.img \
    -device virtio-net-device,netdev=user0 -netdev user,id=user0,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22

#  -device virtio-net-device,netdev=user0 -netdev user,id=user0,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22
}

inittap(){
    ip tuntap add tap0 mode tap
    brctl addif br1 tap0
}

$1