If a list item contains multi-line display maths followed by inline maths, the display maths will not get rendered:
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Let
$$E = mc^2,$$ where <no inline maths here>.
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Let
$$E = mc^2,$$ where
$E$ is energy,$m$ is mass, etc.
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Let
$$ f(x) = \frac{ a_0 + a_1 x + a_2 x^2 + \dots }{ b_0 + b_1 x + b_2 x^2 + \dots }, $$
where <no inline maths here>.
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Let
$$ f(x) = \frac{ a_0 + a_1 x + a_2 x^2 + \dots }{ b_0 + b_1 x + b_2 x^2 + \dots }, $$
where
$a_0$ etc. are constants.