Categories of programming languages

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Categories of programming languages

Generated from ‘List of programming languages by type’ from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical_list_of_programming_languages

.NET Framework

• Reflective languages

32032

• Machine languages

4DOS

• Command line interface languages

6502

• Machine languages

6510

• Machine languages

ABAP

• Fourth-generation languages

ABC

• Off-side rule languages

ABCL/1

• Object-oriented prototype-based languages

ABCL/R

• Object-oriented prototype-based languages

ABCL/R2

• Object-oriented prototype-based languages

ABCL/c plus

• Object-oriented prototype-based languages

ABCL/c+

• Curly-bracket languages

ADMINS

• Fourth-generation languages

AIMMS

• Numerical analysis

AKI

• Assembly languages

ALF

• Logic-based languages
• Multiparadigm languages

ALGOL

• Compiled languages
• Procedural languages

ALGOL W

• Wirth languages

AMD’s

• Machine languages

AMPL

• Numerical analysis

ANTLR

• Syntax handling languages

APL

• Array languages
• Impure
• Interpreted languages
• Multiparadigm languages

ARLOGO

• Non-English-based languages

ARM

• Machine languages

ASCENT

• Assembly languages

ASEM-51

• Assembly languages

ASPER

• Assembly languages

AUTOCODER

• Assembly languages

AWK

• Curly-bracket languages
• Scripting languages

ActionScript

• Curly-bracket languages
• Client side
• Multiparadigm languages
• Object-oriented prototype-based languages
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages
• Scripting languages

Actor

• Single dispatch

Ada

• Compiled languages
• Concurrent languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Procedural languages

Ada 95

• Single dispatch

Afnix

• Concurrent languages

Agora

• Object-oriented prototype-based languages

Aldor

• Iterative languages

Alef

• Concurrent languages
• Curly-bracket languages

Algae

• Numerical analysis

Alice

• Compiled languages
• Impure

Alma-0

• Logic-based languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Procedural languages

Alphard

• Iterative languages

AngelScript

• In object code

Ant

• Declarative languages
• Interpreted languages
• XML-based languages

AppleScript

• Scripting languages

Arc

• List-based languages – LISPs

Argus

• Synchronous languages

Array-based

• Data-structured languages

AspectC++

• Aspect-oriented languages

AspectJ

• Aspect-oriented languages

Ateji PX

• Compiled languages
• Concurrent languages
• Extension languages

AutoHotkey

• Curly-bracket languages
• Interpreted languages

AutoIt

• Interpreted languages

AutoLISP

• Extension languages

Averest

• Synchronous languages

BAL

• Assembly languages

BASIC

• Compiled languages
• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages
• Procedural languages

BCPL

• Compiled languages
• Curly-bracket languages
• Procedural languages

BETA

• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch

BLISS

• Procedural languages

Bash

• Scripting languages

BeanShell

• Scripting languages

Befunge

• Esoteric languages
• Reflective languages

Bigwig

• Authoring languages

Bistro

• Single dispatch
• Reflective languages

Boo

• Off-side rule languages

Brainfuck

• Esoteric languages

BuildProfessional

• Fourth-generation languages

C

• Compiled languages
• Curly-bracket languages
• Procedural languages

C#

• Compiled languages
• Curly-bracket languages
• Iterative languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages

C++

• Compiled languages
• Curly-bracket languages
• Metaprogramming languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages

C—

• Assembly languages
• Assembly languages

C/AL

• Extension languages

CAL

• Extension languages
• Impure

CHAIN

• Command line interface languages

CLACL (CLAC-Language)

• Logic-based languages

CLEO

• Compiled languages

CLIPPER 5.3

• Compiled languages

CLIPS

• Rule-based languages

CLIST

• Command line interface languages
• Scripting languages

CLU

• Iterative languages

CLush

• Compiled languages

CMS EXEC

• Command line interface languages
• Scripting languages

COBOL

• Compiled languages
• Procedural languages

CODE

• Visual languages

COMPASS

• Assembly languages

CSC

• Fourth-generation languages

CaesarJ

• Aspect-oriented languages

Candle

• Curly-bracket languages
• Declarative languages
• Impure
• Scripting languages
• Syntax handling languages
• XML-based languages

Cat

• Stack-based languages

Cecil

• [[Multiple dispatch]]
• Object-oriented prototype-based languages

Ch

• Command line interface languages
• Scripting languages

Chapel

• Array languages
• Concurrent languages

Charity

• Pure

Charm

• Reflective languages

Chef

• Esoteric languages

Chinese BASIC

• Non-English-based languages

ChucK

• Concurrent languages
• Curly-bracket languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages

Cilk

• Concurrent languages
• Curly-bracket languages

Clarion

• Data-oriented languages

Clean

• Pure

Clipper

• Data-oriented languages

Clojure

• Concurrent languages
• Impure
• Interactive mode languages
• Reflective languages

Co-array Fortran

• Concurrent languages

Cobra

• Compiled languages
• Iterative languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Off-side rule languages
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages

Coco/R

• Syntax handling languages

ColdFusion

• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages
• Scripting languages

Combined Programming Language

• Procedural languages

Comet

• Little languages

Common Lisp

• Compiled languages
• Impure
• Interactive mode languages
• List-based languages – LISPs
• Multiparadigm languages
• [[Multiple dispatch]]
• Reflective languages

Component Pascal

• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages
• Wirth languages

Compose*

• Aspect-oriented languages

Concurrent Pascal

• Concurrent languages

Constraint Handling Rules

• Rule-based languages

CorVision

• Fourth-generation languages

Corn

• Compiled languages
• Concurrent languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch

Coursewriter

• Authoring languages

Coyote

• Curly-bracket languages

Curl

• Compiled languages
• Impure
• Metaprogramming languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages

Curry

• Concurrent languages
• Pure
• Logic-based languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Off-side rule languages

Cyclone

• Curly-bracket languages

Cω

• Concurrent languages
• XML-based languages

D

• Compiled languages
• Curly-bracket languages
• Metaprogramming languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages

DASL

• Compiled languages
• Curly-bracket languages
• Declarative languages
• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages

DATABUS

• Interpreted languages

DCL

• Command line interface languages

DIBOL

• Compiled languages

DINO

• Curly-bracket languages

DOS batch language

• Command line interface languages

DeScribe Macro Language

• Extension languages

Delphi

• Compiled languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Reflective languages

Dylan

• Compiled languages
• Impure
• List-based languages – LISPs
• Multiparadigm languages
• [[Multiple dispatch]]
• Reflective languages

E

• Aspect-oriented languages
• Concurrent languages
• Curly-bracket languages
• Single dispatch

EA_QB_Command

• Command line interface languages

ECMAScript

• Curly-bracket languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Object-oriented prototype-based languages
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages
• Scripting languages
• XML-based languages

ECMAScript for XML

• Curly-bracket languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Object-oriented prototype-based languages
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages
• Scripting languages

EDTASM

• Assembly languages

EEL

• In object code

EICASLAB

• Visual languages

EXEC 2

• Command line interface languages
• Scripting languages

Easytrieve

• Fourth-generation languages

EcmaScript

• Client side

Eiffel

• Compiled languages
• Concurrent languages
• Interpreted languages
• Iterative languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages

Emu8086

• Assembly languages

Erlang

• Concurrent languages
• Impure
• Interactive mode languages

Es shell

• Command line interface languages

Esterel

• Synchronous languages

Etoys

• Object-oriented prototype-based languages

Expect

• Command line interface languages

F

• Procedural languages

F#

• Impure
• Interactive mode languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Off-side rule languages

F-Script

• Single dispatch
• Single dispatch
• Reflective languages
• Scripting languages

FALSE

• Esoteric languages

FAP

• Assembly languages

FASM

• Assembly languages

FOCUS

• Fourth-generation languages

FPr

• Impure
• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages
• List-based languages – LISPs
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch

Fabrik

• Visual languages

Factor

• Compiled languages
• Stack-based languages

Falcon

• Scripting languages

Fancy

• Compiled languages
• Interactive mode languages
• Metaprogramming languages
• Single dispatch
• Scripting languages

Fantom

• Multiparadigm languages

Fjölnir

• Non-English-based languages

Flex

• Syntax handling languages

Formula One

• Compiled languages
• Declarative languages
• Logic-based languages
• Multiparadigm languages

Forth

• Compiled languages
• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages
• Metaprogramming languages
• Reflective languages
• Stack-based languages

Fortran

• Compiled languages
• Procedural languages

Fortran 2003

• Single dispatch

Fortress

• Single dispatch

Free Pascal

• Procedural languages

Fril

• Interactive mode languages
• Logic-based languages

Frink

• Curly-bracket languages
• Interpreted languages
• Scripting languages

GAMS

• Numerical analysis

GAS

• Assembly languages

GEMBASE

• Fourth-generation languages

GNU E

• Single dispatch

GNU bison

• Syntax handling languages

GOAL agent programming language

• Rule-based languages

Gambas

• Single dispatch

Game Maker Language

• Interpreted languages
• Single dispatch
• Scripting languages

Glagol

• Non-English-based languages

Glyphic Script

• Object-oriented prototype-based languages

Go

• Compiled languages
• Concurrent languages
• Procedural languages

Goo

• [[Multiple dispatch]]

Groovy

• Curly-bracket languages
• Interpreted languages
• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages
• Scripting languages

Guile

• Extension languages

HLA

• Assembly languages

HLASM

• Assembly languages

HPL

• Non-English-based languages

Harbour

• Compiled languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages

Hartmann pipeline

• Dataflow languages

Haskell

• Compiled languages
• Curly-bracket languages
• Pure
• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages
• Metaprogramming languages
• Off-side rule languages

Hop

• Impure
• Multiparadigm languages

Hope

• Pure

HyperTalk

• Off-side rule languages
• Procedural languages

IBM Informix-4GL

• Fourth-generation languages

IBM NetRexx

• Single dispatch

IBM System/360

• Machine languages

IBM VisualAge

• Single dispatch
• Reflective languages

ICI

• Curly-bracket languages
• Scripting languages

IDL

• Interactive mode languages

INTERCAL

• Esoteric languages

IPL-v

• Iterative languages

ISWIM

• Off-side rule languages

Icon

• Iterative languages

Intel

• Machine languages

Intel 80186

• Machine languages

Intel 80286

• Machine languages

Intel 80386

• Machine languages

Intel 80486

• Machine languages

Intel 8088

• Machine languages

Intel Pentium

• Machine languages

Intel’s

• Machine languages

Io

• Object-oriented prototype-based languages
• Scripting languages

Io (programming language)

• In object code

Ivy

• Off-side rule languages

J

• Impure
• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch

JASS

• Scripting languages

JCL

• Command line interface languages

JOVIAL

• Compiled languages
• Procedural languages

JScript

• Curly-bracket languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Object-oriented prototype-based languages
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages
• Scripting languages

Janus

• Logic-based languages

Java

• Compiled languages
• Concurrent languages
• Curly-bracket languages
• Client side
• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages

Java Virtual Machine

• Reflective languages

JavaCC

• Syntax handling languages

JavaScript

• Curly-bracket languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Object-oriented prototype-based languages
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages
• Scripting languages

Javascript

• Client side

Jelly

• XML-based languages

Jess

• Rule-based languages

Join Java

• Concurrent languages
• Curly-bracket languages
• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages
• Scripting languages

Join-calculus

• Concurrent languages

Joule

• Concurrent languages

Joy

• Impure
• List-based languages – LISPs
• Stack-based languages

Jscript

• Client side

Kite

• Impure
• Single dispatch

LC-3

• Assembly languages

LEA

• Synchronous languages

LINC 4GL

• Fourth-generation languages

LOLCODE

• Esoteric languages

LPC

• Curly-bracket languages
• Interpreted languages

LZX

• XML-based languages

LabVIEW

• Compiled languages
• Dataflow languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Visual languages

Lagoona

• Procedural languages
• Wirth languages

Lasso

• Multiparadigm languages
• Procedural languages

Lava

• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Visual languages

Leda

• Logic-based languages
• Multiparadigm languages

Lexico

• Non-English-based languages

Limbo

• Concurrent languages
• Curly-bracket languages

Limnor

• Visual languages

Linoleum

• Assembly languages

Lisaac

• Object-oriented prototype-based languages

Lisp

• Impure
• Interpreted languages
• List-based languages – LISPs
• Metaprogramming languages
• Reflective languages

List-based

• Data-structured languages

Little Smalltalk

• Single dispatch
• Reflective languages

Little b

• Impure

Logo

• Impure
• List-based languages – LISPs
• Reflective languages

Lua

• Aspect-oriented languages
• Concurrent languages
• In object code
• Extension languages
• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages
• Iterative languages
• Metaprogramming languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Object-oriented prototype-based languages
• Reflective languages
• Scripting languages

Lucid

• Dataflow languages

Lush

• Impure
• Interpreted languages
• Iterative languages
• List-based languages – LISPs

Lustre

• Declarative languages
• Synchronous languages

M4

• Syntax handling languages

MACRO-11

• Assembly languages

MACRO-20

• Assembly languages

MACRO-32

• Assembly languages

MAPPER

• Fourth-generation languages

MARK-IV

• Fourth-generation languages

MASM

• Assembly languages

MATLAB

• Interactive mode languages
• Numerical analysis
• Procedural languages

MAXScript

• Scripting languages

MDMscript

• Curly-bracket languages

MEL

• Scripting languages

MIPS architecture

• Assembly languages

ML

• Compiled languages
• Impure
• Interactive mode languages

MOO

• Object-oriented prototype-based languages

MOS Technology

• Machine languages

MSL

• Curly-bracket languages

MUMPS

• Data-oriented languages
• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages
• Procedural languages

MXML

• XML-based languages

Malbolge

• Esoteric languages

Maple

• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages

Mathematica

• Impure
• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages
• Metaprogramming languages

Maude system

• Metaprogramming languages
• Reflective languages

Max

• Dataflow languages
• Visual languages

Mercury

• Logic-based languages

MetaL

• Metaprogramming languages

MetaOCaml

• Metaprogramming languages

MetaPost

• Declarative languages

Metaobject protocols

• Multiparadigm languages

Miranda

• Pure
• Off-side rule languages

Modelica

• Declarative languages

Modula

• Wirth languages

Modula-2

• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages
• Wirth languages

Modula-3

• Single dispatch

Mondrian

• Scripting languages

Monk

• Dataflow languages

Moto

• Single dispatch

Motorola 6800

• Machine languages

Motorola 68000 family

• Assembly languages
• Machine languages

Mozart Programming System

• Concurrent languages
• Logic-based languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch

MultiLisp

• Concurrent languages

Mythryl

• Curly-bracket languages
• Impure
• Interactive mode languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Scripting languages

NASM

• Assembly languages

NCR

• Assembly languages

NXT-G

• Visual languages

Nemerle

• Compiled languages
• Curly-bracket languages
• Impure
• Metaprogramming languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages

NewtonScript

• Object-oriented prototype-based languages

OCaml

• Compiled languages
• Impure
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch

OPS5

• Impure
• Rule-based languages

Oberon

• Wirth languages

Oberon and Oberon-2

• Procedural languages

Oberon-2

• Single dispatch
• Reflective languages
• Wirth languages

Object Pascal

• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages
• Wirth languages

Object REXX

• Single dispatch

ObjectTeams

• Aspect-oriented languages

Objective-C

• Compiled languages
• Single dispatch
• Reflective languages

Obliq

• Object-oriented prototype-based languages
• Wirth languages

Occam

• Off-side rule languages
• Procedural languages

Opal

• Impure

OpenCL

• Extension languages

OptimJ

• Extension languages

Oracle Express 4GL

• Fourth-generation languages

Oriel

• Interpreted languages
• Procedural languages
• Scripting languages

Orwell

• Off-side rule languages

Oxygene (formerly known as Chrome)

• Single dispatch

Oz

• Concurrent languages
• Dataflow languages
• Logic-based languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch

PAL-III

• Assembly languages

PASM

• Assembly languages

PCASTL

• Curly-bracket languages
• Interpreted languages
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages

PHP

• Curly-bracket languages
• Server side
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Reflective languages
• Scripting languages

PILOT

• Authoring languages

PL/C

• Procedural languages

PL/I

• Procedural languages

POP-11

• Reflective languages

POWER

• Machine languages

Pascal

• Compiled languages
• Interpreted languages
• Procedural languages
• Wirth languages

Perl

• Curly-bracket languages
• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages
• Metaprogramming languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages
• Scripting languages

Perl 5

• Single dispatch

Pico

• Curly-bracket languages
• Reflective languages

Pict

• Concurrent languages

Pict programming language

• Visual languages

Piet

• Esoteric languages
• Stack-based languages

Pike

• Curly-bracket languages

Pikt

• Interpreted languages
• Scripting languages

Pliant

• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Off-side rule languages
• Reflective languages

Plus

• Compiled languages
• Procedural languages

Poplog

• Impure
• Logic-based languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Reflective languages
• Stack-based languages

Portugol

• Non-English-based languages

Poses++

• Curly-bracket languages
• Declarative languages
• Rule-based languages

PostScript

• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages
• Stack-based languages

Power Architecture

• Machine languages

PowerPC

• Machine languages

Processing

• Curly-bracket languages
• Single dispatch

Prograph

• Dataflow languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Visual languages

Progress 4GL

• Fourth-generation languages

Prolog

• Declarative languages
• Logic-based languages
• Reflective languages
• Rule-based languages

Pure Data

• Dataflow languages
• Visual languages

Python

• Extension languages
• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages
• Iterative languages
• Metaprogramming languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Off-side rule languages
• Procedural languages
• Reflective languages
• Scripting languages

Q (equational programming language)

• Impure

Q (programming language from Kx Systems)

• Impure

Quartz Composer

• Visual languages

Qwertycode

• Esoteric languages

R

• Curly-bracket languages
• Impure
• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages
• List-based languages – LISPs
• Multiparadigm languages
• Object-oriented prototype-based languages
• Procedural languages
• Scripting languages

R2000/R3000

• Machine languages

RDQL

• Data-oriented languages
• Declarative languages

REBOL

• Multiparadigm languages
• Object-oriented prototype-based languages
• Reflective languages
• Scripting languages

REFAL

• Impure

REXX

• Command line interface languages
• Extension languages
• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages
• Scripting languages

ROOP

• Logic-based languages
• Multiparadigm languages

RPG

• Compiled languages
• Procedural languages

RPL

• Stack-based languages

Racket

• Multiparadigm languages

Racket (formerly PLT Scheme)

• Impure

Rapira

• Non-English-based languages
• Procedural languages

Rats!

• Syntax handling languages

Rc

• Command line interface languages

Revolution

• Fourth-generation languages
• Single dispatch
• Scripting languages

RosAsm

• Assembly languages

Ruby

• Extension languages
• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages
• Metaprogramming languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Reflective languages
• Scripting languages

Russell

• Impure

S-Lang

• Curly-bracket languages
• Extension languages
• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages
• Procedural languages
• Scripting languages

SALSA

• Concurrent languages

SAS

• Fourth-generation languages

SC123

• Assembly languages

SISAL

• Multiparadigm languages

SMALL Machine Algol Like Language

• Compiled languages
• Procedural languages

SMX

• Server side

SNUSP

• Esoteric languages

SPARC

• Machine languages

SPARQL

• Data-oriented languages
• Declarative languages

SPIN

• Single dispatch
• Off-side rule languages

SPS

• Assembly languages

SQL

• Data-oriented languages
• Declarative languages
• Extension languages
• Little languages

SR

• Concurrent languages

SSK

• Assembly languages

Sather

• Compiled languages
• Iterative languages
• Single dispatch

Scala

• Concurrent languages
• Curly-bracket languages
• Impure
• Interactive mode languages
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch

Scheme

• Compiled languages
• Impure
• Interactive mode languages
• List-based languages – LISPs
• Metaprogramming languages
• Reflective languages

Scratch

• Single dispatch
• Visual languages

Sculptor

• Fourth-generation languages

Seccia

• Single dispatch

Seed7

• Multiparadigm languages

Self

• Object-oriented prototype-based languages
• Reflective languages

Seneca

• Numerical analysis
• Procedural languages

Shadow Command Line Interface

• Command line interface languages

Shakespeare

• Esoteric languages

Signal

• Synchronous languages

Simula

• Single dispatch

Simulink

• Visual languages

Smalltalk

• Compiled languages
• Interactive mode languages
• Metaprogramming languages
• Single dispatch
• Reflective languages
• Scripting languages

Snobol

• Reflective languages

Spin

• Interpreted languages

SpiritShadow Command Line Interface

• Command line interface languages

Spreadsheet

• Impure
• Multiparadigm languages

Squeak

• Single dispatch
• Reflective languages

Stack-based

• Data-structured languages

Standard ML

• Compiled languages
• Impure

Strawberry Prolog

• Logic-based languages

StrongARM

• Machine languages

Subtext

• Visual languages

Suneido

• Curly-bracket languages

SuperCollider

• Curly-bracket languages
• Single dispatch

SyncCharts

• Synchronous languages

TACL

• Command line interface languages

TADS

• Object-oriented prototype-based languages

TASM

• Assembly languages

TI-BASIC

• Interpreted languages

TRAC

• List-based languages – LISPs

TUTOR

• Authoring languages

Tcl

• In object code
• Extension languages
• Interactive mode languages
• Interpreted languages
• List-based languages – LISPs
• Multiparadigm languages
• Reflective languages
• Scripting languages

Tea

• Curly-bracket languages
• Impure
• Interpreted languages
• List-based languages – LISPs
• Multiparadigm languages
• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages
• Scripting languages

Today

• Fourth-generation languages

ToonTalk

• Rule-based languages
• Visual languages

TorqueScript

• Curly-bracket languages
• Interpreted languages
• Scripting languages

Turing

• Compiled languages

Tutorial D

• Data-oriented languages

UNIX shell

• Scripting languages

Ubercode

• Compiled languages
• Fourth-generation languages
• Single dispatch

Uniface

• Fourth-generation languages

Unified Parallel C

• Concurrent languages

UnrealScript

• Curly-bracket languages

Urq

• Compiled languages
• Stack-based languages

VBA

• Extension languages

VBScript

• Interpreted languages
• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages
• Scripting languages

VBscript

• Server side

VEE

• Dataflow languages
• Visual languages

VHDL

• Dataflow languages

Vala_(programming_language)

• Compiled languages

Var’aq

• Esoteric languages

Vimscript

• Extension languages

VisSim

• Dataflow languages
• Visual languages

Visual Basic

• Compiled languages
• Procedural languages

Visual DataFlex

• Fourth-generation languages
• Single dispatch

Visual FoxPro

• Compiled languages
• Data-oriented languages
• Fourth-generation languages
• Single dispatch
• Procedural languages

Visual Prolog

• Compiled languages
• Logic-based languages
• Single dispatch

VisualWorks

• Single dispatch
• Reflective languages

WebDNA

• Data-oriented languages
• Server side
• Scripting languages

WebMethods Flow

• Dataflow languages

WebQL

• Data-oriented languages

Western Design Center

• Machine languages

Whitespace

• Esoteric languages

WinDev

• Compiled languages

Winbatch

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categories_languages_from_wikipedia.py

import urllib
import json
from collections import defaultdict

#f = urllib.urlopen("http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical_list_of_programming_languages")
f = urllib.urlopen("http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?format=json&action=query&titles=List%20of%20programming%20languages%20by%20type&prop=revisions&rvprop=content")

s = f.read()

f.close()

j = json.loads(s)

def find_value_for_key(key, d):
    """ returns a value for 'key' in a dict 'd' """
    if type(d) == type([]):
        for x in d:
            return find_value_for_key(key, x)
    for k,v in d.items():
        if k == key:
            return v
        if type(v) == type({}) or type(v) == type([]):
            return find_value_for_key(key, v)

def parse_category(s):
    """ == Wirth languages == """
    return s.strip("= ")

def parse_lang(s):
    """ 
    * [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]] 
    * [[XPath]]
    * [http://xmlmosaic.codeplex.com XMLmosaic]
    * [http://www.ozonehouse.com/mark/codeworks.html Glyphic Script]
    * Nemerle (compiled into Intermediate Language bytecode) 
    * Sculptor
    """
    if "[[" in s:
        ss = s[s.find("[[") + 2 : s.find("]]")].split("|")
#        return s
        return ss[1] if len(ss) > 1 else ss[0]
    elif "[" in s:
        ss = s[s.find("[") + 1 : s.find("]")].split()
        return " ".join(ss[1:])
    elif "(" in s:
        return s[:s.find("(")].strip("* ")
        
    return s.strip("* ")
    
def parse(s):
    langs = defaultdict(list)
    category = "?"
    
    for line in s.splitlines():
        if line.startswith("== See also"):
            break
        elif line.startswith("=="):
            category = parse_category(line)
        elif line.startswith("*"):
            langs[parse_lang(line)].append(category)
    
    return langs

def format_textile(d):
    print "h1. Categories of programming languages"
    print
    print "h2. Generated from 'List of programming languages by type' from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical_list_of_programming_languages"
    for k in sorted(d.iterkeys()):
        print
        print "h3. " + k.encode("utf-8")
        for category in d[k]:
            print "* " + category.encode("utf-8")
    
format_textile(parse(find_value_for_key("*", j)))