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| <div id="content" class="content"><h1 id="heading_0" class="section_heading" data-id="0"><i>Derfflinger</i>-class battlecruiser<a data-id="0" data-action="edit_section" class="edit_section_button"></a></h1><div id="#content_block_0"> | |
| <p>The <b><i>Derfflinger</i> class</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Ship_class" title="Ship class">class</a> of three <a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">battlecruisers</a> (German: <span lang="de" xml:lang="de"><i>Schlachtkreuzer</i></span>) of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy" title="Imperial German Navy">Imperial German Navy</a>. The ships were ordered for the 1912–13 Naval Building Program of the German Imperial Navy as a reply to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>'s three new <a href="/wiki/Lion-class_battlecruiser" title="Lion-class battlecruiser"><i>Lion</i>-class</a> battlecruisers that had been launched a few years earlier. The preceding <a href="/wiki/Moltke-class_battlecruiser" title="Moltke-class battlecruiser"><i>Moltke</i> class</a> and the incrementally improved <a href="/wiki/SMS_Seydlitz" title="SMS Seydlitz"><i>Seydlitz</i></a> represented the end of the evolution of Germany's first generation of battlecruisers. The <i>Derfflinger</i> class had considerable improvements, including a larger primary armament, all of which was mounted on the centerline, eliminating the restricted arc of the amidships turret. The ships were also larger than the preceding classes. The <i>Derfflinger</i> class used a similar propulsion system, and as a result of the increased displacement were slightly slower.<table class="infobox" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 315px; border-spacing: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 90%;"> | |
| <tbody><tr> | |
| <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:SMS_Derfflinger.PNG" class="image"><img alt="A large gray warship sits motionless in harbor; a line of men are visible on the deck." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/SMS_Derfflinger.PNG/300px-SMS_Derfflinger.PNG" width="300" height="213" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/SMS_Derfflinger.PNG/450px-SMS_Derfflinger.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/SMS_Derfflinger.PNG/600px-SMS_Derfflinger.PNG 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="527"></a> | |
| <div>SMS <i>Derfflinger</i></div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <th colspan="2" height="30pt" style="background-color: #B0C4DE; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 110%;">Class overview</th> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Name:</td> | |
| <td><i>Derfflinger</i></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Operators:</td> | |
| <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/War_Ensign_of_Germany_1903-1918.svg/22px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_1903-1918.svg.png" width="22" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/War_Ensign_of_Germany_1903-1918.svg/33px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_1903-1918.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/War_Ensign_of_Germany_1903-1918.svg/44px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_1903-1918.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360"> </span><a href="/wiki/Kaiserliche_Marine" title="Kaiserliche Marine" class="mw-redirect">Kaiserliche Marine</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Preceded by:</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/SMS_Seydlitz" title="SMS Seydlitz">SMS <i>Seydlitz</i></a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Succeeded by:</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Mackensen-class_battlecruiser" title="Mackensen-class battlecruiser"><i>Mackensen</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">battlecruiser</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Completed:</td> | |
| <td>3</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Lost:</td> | |
| <td>1</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th colspan="2" height="30" style="background-color: #B0C4DE; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 110%;">General characteristics</th> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Type:</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">Battlecruiser</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Displacement:</td> | |
| <td>26,600 tons standard, 31,200 tons full load</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Length:</td> | |
| <td>210.4 m (690 ft) overall</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Beam:</td> | |
| <td>29.0 m (95.1 ft)</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Draught:</td> | |
| <td>8.20 m (26.9 ft)</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Propulsion:</td> | |
| <td> | |
| <div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>2 sets marine-type turbines</li> | |
| <li>14 coal-fired boilers</li> | |
| <li>8 oil-fired boilers</li> | |
| <li>77,000 shp (57,000 kW)</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Speed:</td> | |
| <td>26.5 knots (49.1 km/h)</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Range:</td> | |
| <td> | |
| <div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>5,600 nmi at 14 knots (10,400 km at 26 km/h)</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| <i>Hindenburg</i>: | |
| <div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>6,100 nmi at 14 knots (11,300 km at 26 km/h)</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Complement:</td> | |
| <td> | |
| <div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>44 officers</li> | |
| <li>1,068 enlisted men</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Armament:</td> | |
| <td> | |
| <div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>8 × <a href="/wiki/30.5_cm_SK_L/50_gun" title="30.5 cm SK L/50 gun">30.5 cm SK L/50 (12"/50 cal)</a> main guns in 4 twin turrets</li> | |
| <li>12 × <a href="/wiki/15_cm_SK_L/45" title="15 cm SK L/45">15 cm SK L/45 (5.9"/45 cal)</a> single guns (14 in <i>Lützow</i> & <i>Hindenburg</i>)</li> | |
| <li>12 × single <a href="/wiki/8.8_cm_SK_L/45_naval_gun" title="8.8 cm SK L/45 naval gun">8.8 cm (3.5"/45 cal) guns</a> (after 1916 only 2 in <i>Derfflinger</i> and 4 in <i>Hindenburg</i>)</li> | |
| <li>4 × 50 cm (19.7") torpedo tubes (60 cm/23.6" in <i>Lützow</i> & <i>Hindenburg</i>)</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr valign="top"> | |
| <td>Armor:</td> | |
| <td> | |
| <div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_armor" title="Belt armor">Belt</a>: 100–300 mm (3.9–11.8 in)</li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">Turrets</a>: 270 mm (11 in)</li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Conning_tower" title="Conning tower">Conning tower</a>: 300 mm (12 in)</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </tbody></table></p> | |
| <p>The class comprised three ships: <a href="/wiki/SMS_Derfflinger" title="SMS Derfflinger"><i>Derfflinger</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_L%C3%BCtzow" title="SMS Lützow"><i>Lützow</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/SMS_Hindenburg" title="SMS Hindenburg"><i>Hindenburg</i></a>. All three of the ships saw active service with the <a href="/wiki/High_Seas_Fleet" title="High Seas Fleet">High Seas Fleet</a> during World War I. <i>Derfflinger</i> was commissioned shortly after the outbreak of war, and was present at most of the naval actions in the North Sea, including the battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dogger_Bank_(1915)" title="Battle of Dogger Bank (1915)">Dogger Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jutland" title="Battle of Jutland">Jutland</a>. <i>Lützow</i> was commissioned in August 1915, and only participated in the <a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Yarmouth_and_Lowestoft" title="Bombardment of Yarmouth and Lowestoft">raid on Yarmouth</a> before being sunk at Jutland. <i>Hindenburg</i> was commissioned into the fleet in May 1917, and saw no major action. <i>Derfflinger</i> and <i>Hindenburg</i> were interned at <a href="/wiki/Scapa_Flow" title="Scapa Flow">Scapa Flow</a> following the armistice in November 1918. Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Reuter" title="Ludwig von Reuter">Ludwig von Reuter</a>, who was in command of the interned High Seas Fleet, <a href="/wiki/Scuttling_of_the_German_fleet_in_Scapa_Flow" title="Scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow">ordered the ships to be scuttled</a> in an attempt to prevent their possible seizure by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>.</p> | |
| <p></p></div><h2 id="Design" class="section_heading" data-id="1">Design<a data-id="1" data-action="edit_section" class="edit_section_button"></a></h2><div id="content_block_1"><p>The <i>Derfflinger</i>-class battlecruisers were a result of the fourth and final <a href="/wiki/German_Naval_Laws" title="German Naval Laws">Naval Law</a>, which was passed in 1912. Admiral <a href="/wiki/Alfred_von_Tirpitz" title="Alfred von Tirpitz">Alfred von Tirpitz</a> used public outcry over the British involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Agadir_Crisis" title="Agadir Crisis">Agadir Crisis</a> of 1911 to pressure the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(German_Empire)" title="Reichstag (German Empire)">Reichstag</a> into appropriating additional funds to the Navy. The Fourth Naval Law secured funding for three new <a href="/wiki/Dreadnought" title="Dreadnought">dreadnoughts</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">light cruisers</a>, and an extra 15,000 officers and men in the Navy for 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerwig77_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerwig77-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> The three dreadnoughts secured in the bill became <a href="/wiki/SMS_Derfflinger" title="SMS Derfflinger"><i>Derfflinger</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_L%C3%BCtzow" title="SMS Lützow"><i>Lützow</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/SMS_Hindenburg" title="SMS Hindenburg"><i>Hindenburg</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerwig81_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerwig81-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Design work on the first two ships began in October 1910 and continued until June 1911; <i>Hindenburg</i> was built to a slightly modified design, which was created between May and October 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> | |
| <p>When design work began, the navy department was asked to submit new requirements to fix deficiencies found in the preceding battlecruiser classes, which primarily covered propulsion systems and the main armament. Previous battlecruisers used a four shaft arrangement for their engines; reducing the number to three would allow the new ships to equip a <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engine</a> on the central shaft. This would substantially increase the cruising range, and would ease the transfer of fuel and reduce the number of crew needed to operate the ships' machinery. The navy department also argued for an increase in the main battery guns, from 28-centimeter (11 in) guns to 30.5 cm (12 in) weapons. This was due to the fact that the latest British battleships had thicker main belt armor, up to 300 millimeters (12 in). Since the German battlecruisers were intended to fight in the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_battle" title="Line of battle">line of battle</a>, their armament needed to be sufficiently powerful to penetrate the armor of their British opponents. Weight increases were managed by reducing the number of guns, from 10 to 8—the increase in gun caliber added only 36 tons to the ships' displacement. Admiral <a href="/wiki/Alfred_von_Tirpitz" title="Alfred von Tirpitz">Alfred von Tirpitz</a> argued against the increase in gun caliber, for he thought the 28 cm gun was powerful enough.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff34_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff34-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></p> | |
| <p>A new construction technique was employed to save weight. Previous battlecruisers were built with a combination of transverse and longitudinal steel frames; the <i>Derfflinger</i>-class ships dispensed with the transverse frames and used only the longitudinal ones. This enabled the ship to retain structural strength and a lower weight. As with all preceding capital ships, the outer hull spaces between the hull wall and the <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bulkhead" title="Torpedo bulkhead">torpedo bulkhead</a> were used for coal storage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff34.E2.80.9335_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff34.E2.80.9335-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> | |
| <p>On 1 September 1910, the design board chose the 30.5 cm, to be mounted in four twin <a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">turrets</a> on the centerline of the ship. The armor layout was kept the same as in <i>Seydlitz</i>. In the meantime, pressure from the British public and media had forced the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">British Parliament</a> to step up ship building. Kaiser <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II" title="Wilhelm II" class="mw-redirect">Wilhelm II</a> requested that the build time for the new battlecruisers be reduced to two years each, as opposed to three years. This proved unfeasible, because neither the armor or armament firms could supply the necessary materials according to an expedited schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff34_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff34-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></p></div><h3 id="General_characteristics" class="section_heading" data-id="2">General characteristics<a data-id="2" data-action="edit_section" class="edit_section_button"></a></h3><div id="content_block_2"><div class="thumb tright"> | |
| <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Derfflinger_class_battlecruiser_-_Jane%27s_Fighting_Ships,_1919_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_24797.png" class="image"><img alt="Design schematics for this type of ship; it carried two gun turrets on either end, with two large smoke stacks and two tall masts in between." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Derfflinger_class_battlecruiser_-_Jane%27s_Fighting_Ships%2C_1919_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_24797.png/220px-Derfflinger_class_battlecruiser_-_Jane%27s_Fighting_Ships%2C_1919_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_24797.png" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Derfflinger_class_battlecruiser_-_Jane%27s_Fighting_Ships%2C_1919_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_24797.png/330px-Derfflinger_class_battlecruiser_-_Jane%27s_Fighting_Ships%2C_1919_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_24797.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Derfflinger_class_battlecruiser_-_Jane%27s_Fighting_Ships%2C_1919_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_24797.png/440px-Derfflinger_class_battlecruiser_-_Jane%27s_Fighting_Ships%2C_1919_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_24797.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="509"></a> | |
| <div class="thumbcaption"> | |
| <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Derfflinger_class_battlecruiser_-_Jane%27s_Fighting_Ships,_1919_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_24797.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.24wmf6/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" alt=""></a></div> | |
| <center>Plan and elevation view of the <i>Derfflinger</i> class, from Jane's <i>Fighting Ships</i> 1919</center> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <p><i>Derfflinger</i> and <i>Lützow</i> were 210 m (690 ft) <a href="/wiki/Waterline_length" title="Waterline length">long at the waterline</a> and 210.4 m (690 ft) <a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">long overall</a>. <i>Hindenburg</i> was slightly longer, at 212.5 m (697 ft) at the waterline and 212.8 m (698 ft) overall. All three ships had a <a href="/wiki/Beam_(nautical)" title="Beam (nautical)">beam</a> of 29 m (95 ft), and a draft of between 9.2 m (30 ft) forward and 9.57 m (31.4 ft) aft. The first two ships were designed to <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)" title="Displacement (ship)">displace</a> 26,600 metric tons (26,200 long tons; 29,300 short tons) with a standard load, and up to 31,200 metric tons (30,700 long tons; 34,400 short tons) at combat weight. <i>Hindenburg</i> displaced slightly more, at 26,947 metric tons (26,521 long tons; 29,704 short tons) standard and 31,500 metric tons (31,000 long tons; 34,700 short tons) fully laden. The ships' <a href="/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)" title="Hull (watercraft)">hulls</a> were constructed from longitudinal steel frames, over which the outer hull plates were <a href="/wiki/Rivet" title="Rivet">riveted</a>. <i>Derfflinger</i><span style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s hull contained 16 <a href="/wiki/Watertight_compartment" title="Watertight compartment" class="mw-redirect">watertight compartments</a>, though <i>Lützow</i> and <i>Hindenburg</i> had an additional seventeenth compartment. All three ships had a <a href="/wiki/Double_bottom" title="Double bottom">double bottom</a> that ran for 65% of the length of the hull.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> This was a decrease from preceding German battlecruisers, which had a double bottom for at least 75% of the hull.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner54.E2.80.9355_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner54.E2.80.9355-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></p> | |
| <p>The ships were regarded as excellent sea boats by the German navy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> The <i>Derfflinger</i>-class ships were described as having had gentle motion, though they were "wet" at the <a href="/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate">casemate</a> deck. The ships lost up to 65% speed with the twin rudders hard over, and heeled up to 11 degrees. This was greater than any of the preceding battlecruiser designs, and as a result, anti-roll tanks were fitted to <i>Derfflinger</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anti-roll_tanks_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anti-roll_tanks-8"><span>[</span>a<span>]</span></a></sup> The three ships had a <a href="/wiki/Metacentric_height" title="Metacentric height">metacentric height</a> of 2.6 m (8.5 ft). The standard crew for one of the vessels was 44 officers and 1,068 men; when serving as the flagship for the <a href="/wiki/I_Scouting_Group" title="I Scouting Group">I Scouting Group</a>, the ships carried an additional 14 officers and 62 men. The <i>Derfflinger</i>s carried smaller craft, including one picket boat, three barges, two <a href="/wiki/Launch_(boat)" title="Launch (boat)">launches</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Yawl" title="Yawl">yawls</a>, and two <a href="/wiki/Dinghy" title="Dinghy">dinghies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p></div><h3 id="Machinery" class="section_heading" data-id="3">Machinery<a data-id="3" data-action="edit_section" class="edit_section_button"></a></h3><div id="content_block_3"><p>By the time construction work on <i>Derfflinger</i> began, it was determined that the diesel engine was not ready for use. Instead, the plan to use a three-shaft system was abandoned and the ships reverted to the standard four-shaft arrangement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff34_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff34-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Each of the three ships were equipped with two sets of marine-type <a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">turbines</a>; each set drove a pair of 3-bladed <a href="/wiki/Propeller" title="Propeller">screws</a> that were 3.9 m (13 ft) in diameter on <i>Derfflinger</i> and <i>Lützow</i> and 4 m (13 ft) in diameter on <i>Hindenburg</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> Each set consisted of a high- and low-pressure turbine—the high-pressure machines drove the outer shafts while the low-pressure turbines turned the inner pair.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff37_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff37-9"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Steam was supplied to the turbines from 14 coal-fired marine-type double boilers and eight oil-fired marine-type double-ended boilers. Each ship was equipped with a pair of turbo-electric generators and a pair of diesel-electric generators that provided a total of 1,660 kilowatts at 220 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volts</a>. Each ship was equipped with two <a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">rudders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p> | |
| <p>The engines for first two ships were designed to provide 63,000 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Shaft_horsepower" title="Horsepower">shaft horsepower</a> (47,000 kW), at 280 <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute" title="Revolutions per minute">revolutions per minute</a>. This would have given the two ships a top speed of 26.5 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (49.1 km/h; 30.5 mph). During trials, <i>Derfflinger</i><span style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s engines achieved 76,634 shaft horsepower (57,146 kW), but a top speed of 25.5 knots (47.2 km/h; 29.3 mph). <i>Lützow</i><span style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s engines reached 80,988 shp (60,393 kW) and a top speed of 26.4 knots (48.9 km/h; 30.4 mph). <i>Hindenburg</i><span style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s power plant was rated at 72,000 shp (54,000 kW) at 290 rpm, for a top speed of 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph). On trials she reached 95,777 shp (71,421 kW) and 26.6 knots (49.3 km/h; 30.6 mph). <i>Derfflinger</i> could carry 3,500 t (3,400 long tons; 3,900 short tons) of coal and 1,000 t (980 long tons; 1,100 short tons) of oil; at a cruising speed of 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph), she had a range of 5,600 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> (10,400 km). <i>Lützow</i> carried 3,700 t (3,600 long tons; 4,100 short tons) of coal and 1,000 tons of oil, though she had no advantage in range over her <a href="/wiki/Sister_ship" title="Sister ship">sister</a> <i>Derfflinger</i>. <i>Hindenburg</i> also stored 3,700 tons of coal, as well as 1,200 t (1,200 long tons; 1,300 short tons) of oil; her range at 14 knots was rated at 6,100 nautical miles (11,300 km).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p></div><h3 id="Armament" class="section_heading" data-id="4">Armament<a data-id="4" data-action="edit_section" class="edit_section_button"></a></h3><div id="content_block_4"><div class="thumb tright"> | |
| <div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Derfflinger%27s_fore_turrets.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Two large gun turrets on a warship. Thick black smoke billows from the funnels." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Derfflinger%27s_fore_turrets.jpg/170px-Derfflinger%27s_fore_turrets.jpg" width="170" height="242" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Derfflinger%27s_fore_turrets.jpg/255px-Derfflinger%27s_fore_turrets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Derfflinger%27s_fore_turrets.jpg/340px-Derfflinger%27s_fore_turrets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="538"></a> | |
| <div class="thumbcaption"> | |
| <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Derfflinger%27s_fore_turrets.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.24wmf6/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" alt=""></a></div> | |
| <i>Derfflinger</i><span style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s forward gun turrets</div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <p>The <i>Derfflinger</i>-class ships were armed with eight <a href="/wiki/30.5_cm_SK_L/50_gun" title="30.5 cm SK L/50 gun">30.5 cm (12 in) SK L/50 guns</a><sup id="cite_ref-gun_nomenclature_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gun_nomenclature-10"><span>[</span>b<span>]</span></a></sup> in four twin <a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">gun turrets</a>, two forward of the main <a href="/wiki/Superstructure" title="Superstructure">superstructure</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Superfire" title="Superfire">superfiring</a> pair and two to the rear of the ship, in a similar arrangement. The guns were housed in Drh.L C/1912 mounts on the first two ships, and in Drh.L C/1913 mounts on <i>Hindenburg</i>. The turrets were trained with electric motors, while the guns were elevated hydraulically, up to 13.5 degrees. The guns fired 405.5-kilogram (894 lb) <a href="/wiki/Armor-piercing_shot_and_shell" title="Armor-piercing shot and shell">armor-piercing shells</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">muzzle velocity</a> of 855 meters per second (2,805 ft/s). At 13.5 degrees, the shells could hit targets out to 18,000 m (20,000 yd). The turrets were modified in 1916 to increase the elevation maximum to 16 degrees. This correspondingly increased the range to 20,400 m (22,300 yd). The ships carried 720 shells, or 90 per gun; each gun was supplied with 65 armor-piercing (AP) shells and 25 semi-AP shells for use against targets with less armor protection.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff36_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff36-11"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> The 30.5 cm gun had a <a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">rate of fire</a> of between 2–3 shells per minute, and was expected to fire 200 shells before replacement was necessary. The guns were also capable of firing 405.9 kg (894.8 lb) <a href="/wiki/High_explosive" title="High explosive" class="mw-redirect">high explosive</a> shells. The shells were loaded with two RP C/12 <a href="/wiki/Propellant" title="Propellant">propellant</a> charges: a main charge in a brass cartridge that weighed 91 kg (201 lb) and a fore charge in a silk bag that weighed 34.5 kg (76 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENavWeaps_.2830.5_cm.2F50.29_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENavWeaps_.2830.5_cm.2F50.29-12"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> The propellant magazines were located underneath the shell rooms for the two forward turrets as well as the rear superfiring turret; the arrangement was reversed for the rearmost turret.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff36_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff36-11"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></p> | |
| <p>The ships were designed to carry fourteen <a href="/wiki/15_cm_SK_L/45" title="15 cm SK L/45">15 cm (5.9 in) SK L/45 guns</a>, mounted in <a href="/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate">casemates</a> along the superstructure. Because <i>Derfflinger</i> had to be fitted with anti-roll tanks, two of the casemated guns had to be removed, to allow enough room in the hull. <i>Lützow</i> and <i>Hindenburg</i> were equipped with the designed number of guns. Each gun was supplied with 160 rounds, and had a maximum range of 13,500 m (14,800 yd), though this was later extended to 16,800 m (18,400 yd).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff36_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff36-11"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> The guns had a sustained <a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">rate of fire</a> of five to seven rounds per minute. The shells were 45.3 kg (99.8 lb), and were loaded with a 13.7 kg (31.2 lb) RPC/12 <a href="/wiki/Propellant" title="Propellant">propellant</a> charge in a brass cartridge. The guns fired at a <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">muzzle velocity</a> of 835 meters per second (2,740 ft/s). The guns were expected to fire around 1,400 shells before they needed to be replaced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENavWeaps_.2815_cm.2F45.29_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENavWeaps_.2815_cm.2F45.29-13"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></p> | |
| <p>The three ships carried a variety of <a href="/wiki/8.8_cm_SK_L/45_naval_gun" title="8.8 cm SK L/45 naval gun">8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK L/45 guns</a> in several configurations. The <i>Derfflinger</i>-class ships were initially equipped with eight of these weapons, all in single mounts; four were placed in the forward superstructure and four in the aft superstructure. The ships also carried four 8.8 cm Flak L/45 anti-aircraft guns, which were emplaced around the forward funnel, with the exception of <i>Lützow</i>, which carried the Flak guns around the rear funnel. After 1916, the four 8.8 cm guns in the forward superstructure were removed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff36_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff36-11"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> The Flak guns were emplaced in MPL C/13 mountings, which allowed depression to −10 degrees and elevation to 70 degrees. These guns fired 9 kg (19.8 lb) shells, and had an effective ceiling of 9,150 m (30,020 ft) at 70 degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENavWeaps_.288.8_cm.2F45.29_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENavWeaps_.288.8_cm.2F45.29-14"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup></p> | |
| <p>The ships were also armed with submerged torpedo tubes in their hulls. <i>Derfflinger</i> was equipped with four 50 cm tubes; the later ships were armed with more powerful 60 cm weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff36_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff36-11"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> The tubes were arranged with one in the bow, one in the stern, and two on the broadside.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> <i>Derfflinger</i><span style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s 50 cm torpedoes were the G7 type, 7.02 m (276 in) long and armed with a 195 kg (430 lb) <a href="/wiki/Hexanite" title="Hexanite">Hexanite</a> warhead. The torpedo had a range of 4,000 m (4,370 yd) when set at a speed of 37 knots, and up to 9,300 m (10,170 yd) at 27 knots. The 60 cm torpedoes were the H8 type, which were 8 m long and carried a 210 kg (463 lb) Hexanite warhead. The torpedoes had a range of 6,000 m (6,550 yd) when set at a speed of 36 knots; at a reduced speed of 30 knots, the range increased significantly to 14,000 m (15,310 yd).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENavWeaps_.28Torpedoes.29_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENavWeaps_.28Torpedoes.29-15"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></p></div><h3 id="Armor" class="section_heading" data-id="5">Armor<a data-id="5" data-action="edit_section" class="edit_section_button"></a></h3><div id="content_block_5"><p>The <i>Derfflinger</i>-class ships were protected with <a href="/wiki/Krupp_cemented_armor" title="Krupp cemented armor" class="mw-redirect">Krupp cemented steel armor</a>, as was the standard for German warships of the period. They had an <a href="/wiki/Armor_belt" title="Armor belt" class="mw-redirect">armor belt</a> that was 300 mm (12 in) thick in the central citadel of the ship, where the most important parts of the ship were. This included the ammunition magazines and the machinery spaces. The belt was reduced in less critical areas, to 120 mm (4.7 in) forward and 100 mm (3.9 in) aft. The belt tapered down to 30 mm (1.2 in) at the <a href="/wiki/Bow_(ship)" title="Bow (ship)">bow</a>, though the <a href="/wiki/Stern" title="Stern">stern</a> was not protected by armor at all. A 45 mm (1.8 in) thick <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bulkhead" title="Torpedo bulkhead">torpedo bulkhead</a> ran the length of the hull, several meters behind the main belt. The main armored deck ranged in thickness from 30 mm thick in less important areas, to 80 mm (3.1 in) in the sections that covered the more critical areas of the ship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> | |
| <p>The forward <a href="/wiki/Conning_tower" title="Conning tower">conning tower</a> was protected with heavy armor: the sides were 300 mm thick and the roof was 130 mm (5.1 in) thick. The rear conning tower was less well armored; its sides were only 200 mm (7.9 in) thick and the roof was covered with 50 mm (2.0 in) of armor plate. The main battery gun turrets were also heavily armored: the turret sides were 270 mm (11 in) thick and the roofs were 110 mm (4.3 in) thick. On <i>Hindenburg</i>, the thickness of the turret roofs was increased to 150 mm (5.9 in). The 15 cm guns had 150 mm-worth of armor plating in the casemates; the guns themselves had 70 mm (2.8 in) thick shields to protect their crews from shell splinters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p></div><h2 id="Construction" class="section_heading" data-id="6">Construction<a data-id="6" data-action="edit_section" class="edit_section_button"></a></h2><div id="content_block_6"><div class="thumb tright"> | |
| <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2006-1121-500,_Kreuzer_Hindenburg,_Stapellauf.jpg" class="image"><img alt="A large ship slides into the water. A tall crane stands on one side and a large scaffolding on the other. A crowd of spectators has gathered all around." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2006-1121-500%2C_Kreuzer_Hindenburg%2C_Stapellauf.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2006-1121-500%2C_Kreuzer_Hindenburg%2C_Stapellauf.jpg" width="220" height="163" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2006-1121-500%2C_Kreuzer_Hindenburg%2C_Stapellauf.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2006-1121-500%2C_Kreuzer_Hindenburg%2C_Stapellauf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2006-1121-500%2C_Kreuzer_Hindenburg%2C_Stapellauf.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2006-1121-500%2C_Kreuzer_Hindenburg%2C_Stapellauf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="592"></a> | |
| <div class="thumbcaption"> | |
| <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2006-1121-500,_Kreuzer_Hindenburg,_Stapellauf.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.24wmf6/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" alt=""></a></div> | |
| <i>Hindenburg</i> being launched, on 1 August 1915</div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <p>Of the three ships in its class, only <i>Derfflinger</i> was ordered as an addition to the fleet, under the provisional name "K". The other two ships were to intended to replace obsolete vessels; <i>Lützow</i> was ordered as <i>Ersatz Kaiserin Augusta</i> for the elderly <a href="/wiki/Protected_cruiser" title="Protected cruiser">protected cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/SMS_Kaiserin_Augusta" title="SMS Kaiserin Augusta"><i>Kaiserin Augusta</i></a> and the contract for <i>Hindenburg</i> was issued under the provisional name <i>Ersatz Hertha</i>, to replace the protected cruiser <a href="/wiki/SMS_Hertha" title="SMS Hertha"><i>Hertha</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> | |
| <p><i>Derfflinger</i> was constructed at <a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss" title="Blohm & Voss" class="mw-redirect">Blohm & Voss</a> in Hamburg under construction number 213. She was the least expensive of the three ships, at a cost of 56 million <a href="/wiki/German_gold_mark" title="German gold mark">gold marks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> The ship was ready to be launched on 14 June 1913, but during the ceremony, one of the wooden sledges upon which the hull rested became jammed. It took until 12 July for her to enter the water.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff39_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff39-16"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> She was commissioned into the <a href="/wiki/High_Seas_Fleet" title="High Seas Fleet">High Seas Fleet</a> on 1 September 1914, shortly after the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. <i>Lützow</i> was built at the <a href="/wiki/Schichau-Werke" title="Schichau-Werke">Schichau</a> dockyard in Danzig under construction number 885, at the cost of 58 million gold marks. The ship was launched on 29 November 1913, and after lengthy trials, commissioned on 8 August 1915. <i>Hindenburg</i>, the final member of the class, was built at the <a href="/wiki/Kaiserliche_Werft_Wilhelmshaven" title="Kaiserliche Werft Wilhelmshaven">Imperial Dockyard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmshaven" title="Wilhelmshaven">Wilhelmshaven</a>, under construction number 34. The ship was built at a cost of 59 million gold marks, the most expensive of the three vessels. She was launched on 1 August 1915 and commissioned on 10 May 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56.E2.80.9357_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56.E2.80.9357-17"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup></p></div><h2 id="Units" class="section_heading" data-id="7">Units<a data-id="7" data-action="edit_section" class="edit_section_button"></a></h2><div id="content_block_7"><table class="wikitable"> | |
| <tbody><tr bgcolor="#EFEFEF"> | |
| <th>Name</th> | |
| <th>Namesake</th> | |
| <th>Builder</th> | |
| <th>Laid down</th> | |
| <th>Launched</th> | |
| <th>Commissioned</th> | |
| <th>Fate</th> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/SMS_Derfflinger" title="SMS Derfflinger"><i>Derfflinger</i></a></td> | |
| <td><i><a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(Germany)" title="Field marshal (Germany)">Generalfeldmarschall</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_Derfflinger" title="Georg von Derfflinger">Georg von Derfflinger</a></td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%2B_Voss" title="Blohm + Voss">Blohm & Voss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></td> | |
| <td>30 March 1912</td> | |
| <td>17 July 1913</td> | |
| <td>1 September 1914</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Scuttling_of_the_German_fleet_in_Scapa_Flow" title="Scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow">Scuttled</a> at <a href="/wiki/Scapa_Flow" title="Scapa Flow">Scapa Flow</a>, 21 June 1919</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/SMS_L%C3%BCtzow" title="SMS Lützow"><i>Lützow</i></a></td> | |
| <td><i><a href="/wiki/General_(Germany)" title="General (Germany)">Generalleutnant</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Adolf_Wilhelm_von_L%C3%BCtzow" title="Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow">Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm Freiherr von Lützow</a></td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Schichau_Seebeckwerft" title="Schichau Seebeckwerft">Schichau-Werft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gdansk" title="Gdansk" class="mw-redirect">Danzig</a></td> | |
| <td>May 1912</td> | |
| <td>29 November 1913</td> | |
| <td>8 August 1915</td> | |
| <td>Scuttled following <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jutland" title="Battle of Jutland">surface action</a>, 1 June 1916</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/SMS_Hindenburg" title="SMS Hindenburg"><i>Hindenburg</i></a></td> | |
| <td><i><a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(Germany)" title="Field marshal (Germany)">Generalfeldmarschall</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg" title="Paul von Hindenburg">Paul von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg</a></td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Kaiserliche_Werft_Wilhelmshaven" title="Kaiserliche Werft Wilhelmshaven">Kaiserliche Werft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmshaven" title="Wilhelmshaven">Wilhelmshaven</a></td> | |
| <td>1 October 1913</td> | |
| <td>1 August 1915</td> | |
| <td>10 May 1917</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Scuttling_of_the_German_fleet_in_Scapa_Flow" title="Scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow">Scuttled</a> at <a href="/wiki/Scapa_Flow" title="Scapa Flow">Scapa Flow</a>, 21 June 1919</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </tbody></table></div><h3 id="SMS_Derfflinger" class="section_heading" data-id="8">SMS <i>Derfflinger</i><a data-id="8" data-action="edit_section" class="edit_section_button"></a></h3><div id="content_block_8"><p>Named after <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_Derfflinger" title="Georg von Derfflinger">Georg von Derfflinger</a>, a German field marshal during the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Derfflinger" title="SMS Derfflinger"><i>Derfflinger</i></a> was commissioned on 1 September 1914. A dockyard crew transferred the ship from <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>, via the <a href="/wiki/Skagen" title="Skagen">Skagen</a>. The ship was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/I_Scouting_Group" title="I Scouting Group">I Scouting Group</a> at the end of October. Damage to the ship's turbines sustained during <a href="/wiki/Sea_trial" title="Sea trial">trials</a> prevented the ship from seeing active service until 16 November. On 15 December, the ship took part in the <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Scarborough,_Hartlepool_and_Whitby" title="Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby">raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby</a>. She was also present during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dogger_Bank_(1915)" title="Battle of Dogger Bank (1915)">battle of Dogger Bank</a> on 24 January 1915. The ship was hit once by a 13.5-inch shell from one of the British battlecruisers; in response, she heavily damaged <a href="/wiki/HMS_Lion_(1910)" title="HMS Lion (1910)">HMS <i>Lion</i></a>. Repair work was completed by 16 February, but <i>Derfflinger</i><span style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s starboard turbine was accidentally damaged on 28 June, and the ship was again in the dockyard until August. On 24 April 1916, <i>Derfflinger</i> took part in the <a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Yarmouth_and_Lowestoft" title="Bombardment of Yarmouth and Lowestoft">bombardment of Yarmouth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff39_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff39-16"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup></p> | |
| <div class="thumb tright"> | |
| <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Queen_Mary_Jutland.jpg" class="image"><img alt="A large warship is almost completely obscured by a huge column of smoke." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/HMS_Queen_Mary_Jutland.jpg/220px-HMS_Queen_Mary_Jutland.jpg" width="220" height="119" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/HMS_Queen_Mary_Jutland.jpg/330px-HMS_Queen_Mary_Jutland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/HMS_Queen_Mary_Jutland.jpg/440px-HMS_Queen_Mary_Jutland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="647"></a> | |
| <div class="thumbcaption"> | |
| <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Queen_Mary_Jutland.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.24wmf6/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" alt=""></a></div> | |
| <i>Queen Mary</i><span style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s magazines detonate</div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <p>On 31 May, <i>Derfflinger</i> was heavily engaged during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jutland" title="Battle of Jutland">battle of Jutland</a>, as the second ship in the German battlecruiser line. She sustained 21 major hits during the battle, but dealt considerable damage to the British battlecruiser force as well. At 16:26, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Queen_Mary" title="HMS Queen Mary">HMS <i>Queen Mary</i></a> sank after a magazine explosion that tore the ship apart; she had been targeted with a hail of heavy-caliber gunfire from <i>Derfflinger</i> and <i>Seydlitz</i>. Two hours later, at 18:30, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Invincible_(1907)" title="HMS Invincible (1907)">HMS <i>Invincible</i></a> suffered a similar fate, though <i>Derfflinger</i> was assisted by her sister <i>Lützow</i>. During the engagement, <i>Derfflinger</i> had both of her rear turrets knocked out by British gunfire. Her crew suffered 157 men killed and 26 wounded, which was the highest casualty figure for any German ship not sunk. The resilience of the vessel earned her the nickname "Iron Dog" from her British adversaries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff39_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff39-16"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> Repair work lasted until 15 October, during which the ship had her pole mast removed and replaced with a tripod mast. The ship conducted training operations until November, at which point she returned to active duty with the fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff39.E2.80.9340_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff39.E2.80.9340-18"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup></p> | |
| <p>Following the German capitulation in November 1918, <i>Derfflinger</i> was interned with a significant portion of the <a href="/wiki/High_Seas_Fleet" title="High Seas Fleet">High Seas Fleet</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scapa_Flow" title="Scapa Flow">Scapa Flow</a>. On 21 June 1919, with the guard ships of the Royal Navy out on maneuvers, Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Reuter" title="Ludwig von Reuter">Ludwig von Reuter</a> ordered that the fleet be scuttled.<sup id="cite_ref-armistice_expiry_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armistice_expiry-19"><span>[</span>c<span>]</span></a></sup> The resulting <a href="/wiki/Scuttling_of_the_German_fleet_in_Scapa_Flow" title="Scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow">scuttling of the German fleet</a> saw some 66 vessels of various types sunk.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerwig256_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerwig256-20"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> Among those was <i>Derfflinger</i>, which sank at 14:45. The ship was raised in 1939 to be broken up for scrap metal, but the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> intervened. The ship, which remained <a href="/wiki/Capsize" title="Capsize" class="mw-redirect">capsized</a>, was anchored off the island of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Risa_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Risa (island) (page does not exist)">Risa</a> until 1946, at which point she was sent to <a href="/wiki/HMNB_Clyde" title="HMNB Clyde">Faslane Port</a>, where she was broken up. The ship's bell was delivered to the German <a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy">Federal Navy</a> on 30 August 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p></div><h3 id="SMS_L.C3.BCtzow" class="section_heading" data-id="9">SMS <i>Lützow</i><a data-id="9" data-action="edit_section" class="edit_section_button"></a></h3><div id="content_block_9"><p><a href="/wiki/SMS_L%C3%BCtzow" title="SMS Lützow"><i>Lützow</i></a> was named after <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Adolf_Wilhelm_von_L%C3%BCtzow" title="Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow">Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow</a>, a Prussian lieutenant-general who fought during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. The ship was commissioned on 8 August 1915, and then underwent trials. On 25 October, while still running sea trials, <i>Lützow</i><span style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s port low pressure turbine were severely damaged. She was sent to Kiel for repairs, which lasted until late January 1916. The ship went on additional trials that lasted until 19 February. <i>Lützow</i> was by then fully operational, and assigned to the I Scouting Group on 20 March 1916. She took part in two fleet advances, on 25 March and 21–22 April, without any major incidents. The following day, on 23 April, <i>Lützow</i>, along with her sister <i>Derfflinger</i> and the battlecruisers <i>Seydlitz</i>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Moltke" title="SMS Moltke"><i>Moltke</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/SMS_Von_der_Tann" title="SMS Von der Tann"><i>Von der Tann</i></a>, bombarded Yarmouth. While en route to the target, Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Hipper" title="Franz von Hipper">Franz von Hipper</a>'s flagship <i>Seydlitz</i> was heavily damaged by mines. As a result, <i>Lützow</i> was transferred to the role of squadron flagship. During the operation, the German battlecruisers encountered British light forces, and a running battle ensued. <i>Lützow</i> engaged the light cruiser <a href="/wiki/HMS_Conquest_(1915)" title="HMS Conquest (1915)">HMS <i>Conquest</i></a> and hit her several times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff40_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff40-21"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></p> | |
| <div class="thumb tleft"> | |
| <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:SMS_Lutzow_illustration.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/SMS_Lutzow_illustration.png/220px-SMS_Lutzow_illustration.png" width="220" height="132" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/SMS_Lutzow_illustration.png/330px-SMS_Lutzow_illustration.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/SMS_Lutzow_illustration.png/440px-SMS_Lutzow_illustration.png 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="438"></a> | |
| <div class="thumbcaption"> | |
| <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:SMS_Lutzow_illustration.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.24wmf6/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" alt=""></a></div> | |
| Illustration of <i>Lützow</i></div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <p>At the Battle of Jutland, she was the first ship in the German line, and Hipper's flagship, and drew fire from the British battlecruisers which included hits below her waterline. Shortly after the start of the battlecruiser action, <i>Lützow</i> hit her opponent <a href="/wiki/HMS_Lion_(1910)" title="HMS Lion (1910)">HMS <i>Lion</i></a> several times; one hit knocked out <i>Lion</i><span style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s "Q" turret, and the resulting magazine fire nearly destroyed the ship.<sup id="cite_ref-Lion.27s_magazine_flooded_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lion.27s_magazine_flooded-22"><span>[</span>d<span>]</span></a></sup> Shortly after 19:00, the armored cruisers <a href="/wiki/HMS_Defence" title="HMS Defence"><i>Defence</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Warrior" title="HMS Warrior"><i>Warrior</i></a> inadvertently ran into the German line; <i>Lützow</i> opened fire immediately, followed by several German <a href="/wiki/Dreadnought" title="Dreadnought">dreadnoughts</a>. In a hail of shells, <i>Defence</i><span style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s ammunition magazines detonated and the ship was sunk.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarrant138.E2.80.93140_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETarrant138.E2.80.93140-23"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> At around the same time, the fresh battlecruisers of the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Battlecruiser_Squadron_(United_Kingdom)" title="3rd Battlecruiser Squadron (United Kingdom)">3rd Battlecruiser Squadron</a> engaged their German opposites. Between 19:26 and 19:34, <i>Lützow</i> sustained four 12-inch shell hits in her bow from the British battlecruisers; these eventually proved to be fatal. Despite this, at 19:30, the combined fire of <i>Lützow</i> and her sister <i>Derfflinger</i> destroyed the battlecruiser <i>Invincible</i>. By 20:15, <i>Lützow</i> had been hit five more times, including hits on her two forward turrets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff41_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff41-24"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup></p> | |
| <p>By 22:15, <i>Lützow</i> had shipped nearly 2,400 tons of water, and the ship was dangerously down by the bows. After midnight, attempts were made to steer the ship in reverse. This failed when the bow became submerged enough to bring the stern out of the water; by 02:20, the screws and both rudders were coming out of the water and the ship was no longer able to steer. The order to abandon ship was given, and at 02:47, <i>Lützow</i> was sunk by the torpedo boat <a href="/wiki/SMS_G38" title="SMS G38"><i>G38</i></a>. The ship was lost because the flooding in the bow could not be controlled; the forward pump system failed and the central system could not keep up with the rising water.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff41_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff41-24"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> The crew was picked up by four torpedo boats that had been escorting the crippled battlecruiser; during the battle the ship suffered 116 men killed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff42_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff42-25"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup></p></div><h3 id="SMS_Hindenburg" class="section_heading" data-id="10">SMS <i>Hindenburg</i><a data-id="10" data-action="edit_section" class="edit_section_button"></a></h3><div id="content_block_10"><div class="thumb tright"> | |
| <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hindenburg_scapa.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Hindenburg_scapa.jpg/220px-Hindenburg_scapa.jpg" width="220" height="148" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Hindenburg_scapa.jpg/330px-Hindenburg_scapa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Hindenburg_scapa.jpg/440px-Hindenburg_scapa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="500"></a> | |
| <div class="thumbcaption"> | |
| <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Hindenburg_scapa.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.24wmf6/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" alt=""></a></div> | |
| <i>Hindenburg</i> (center) and <i>Derfflinger</i> (left distance) moored in Scapa Flow</div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <p><a href="/wiki/SMS_Hindenburg" title="SMS Hindenburg"><i>Hindenburg</i></a> was the last battlecruiser completed for the Imperial German Navy, and as such had a very short career. She was commissioned 10 May 1917, and was fully operational by 20 October 1917, too late to see any major action in World War I. On 17 November <i>Hindenburg</i> and <i>Moltke</i>, along with the light cruisers of the II Scouting Group, were acting as distant support for German minesweepers off the German coast when they were attacked by British battlecruisers. The raid was brief; by the time <i>Hindenburg</i> and <i>Moltke</i> arrived on the scene, the British ships had broken off the attack and withdrawn. Six days later, <i>Hindenburg</i> replaced <i>Seydlitz</i> as flagship of the I Scouting Group.<sup id="cite_ref-flag_transfer_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flag_transfer-26"><span>[</span>e<span>]</span></a></sup> On 23 April 1918, the ship took part in an abortive fleet advance into the North Sea that attempted to intercept an Allied convoy. <i>Moltke</i> sustained mechanical damage while en route, and as a result, Vice Admiral Hipper decided to cancel the operation. On 11 August, Hipper was promoted to Admiral and given command of the entire High Seas Fleet. Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter replaced Hipper as the commander of the I Scouting Group; he raised his flag on <i>Hindenburg</i> the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff42_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff42-25"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup></p> | |
| <p><i>Hindenburg</i> was interned at Scapa Flow, along with her sister <i>Derfflinger</i> and the rest of the German battlecruisers. She was scuttled on 21 June 1919, and sank at 17:00. Several unsuccessful attempts to raise her were made; on 23 July 1930 the ship was finally raised. From 1930 to 1932 she was scrapped at <a href="/wiki/Rosyth" title="Rosyth">Rosyth</a>. Her bell was presented to the German Federal Navy on 28 May 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p></div><h2 id="Notes" class="section_heading" data-id="11">Notes<a data-id="11" data-action="edit_section" class="edit_section_button"></a></h2><div id="content_block_11"><p><b>Footnotes</b></p> | |
| <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> | |
| <ol class="references"> | |
| <li id="cite_note-Anti-roll_tanks-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anti-roll_tanks_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anti-roll tanks were fitted only to <i>Derfflinger</i>, because during the initial trials on the battlecruiser <a href="/wiki/SMS_Von_der_Tann" title="SMS Von der Tann"><i>Von der Tann</i></a>, the roll tanks were found to reduce rolling by only 33%. This was deemed to be an insufficient benefit to warrant the extra weight of the roll tanks. The roll tanks also required the removal of two secondary-battery guns. See: <a href="#CITEREFStaff">Staff</a>, p. 35.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-gun_nomenclature-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gun_nomenclature_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Imperial German Navy gun nomenclature, "SK" (<i>Schnelladekanone</i>) denotes that the gun is quick firing, while the L/50 denotes the length of the gun. In this case, the L/50 gun is 50 <a href="/wiki/Caliber_(artillery)" title="Caliber (artillery)">calibers</a>, meaning that the gun barrel is 50 times as long as it is in diameter.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-armistice_expiry-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-armistice_expiry_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Armistice was scheduled to expire at noon on 21 June 1919; by the 20th, it had been extended to 23 June. There is some contention as to whether von Reuter was aware of this. Admiral Fremantle, the commander of the British fleet based in Scapa, stated that he informed von Reuter on the evening of the 20th, though von Reuter claims he was unaware of the development. For Fremantle's claim, see <a href="#CITEREFBennett">Bennett</a>, p. 307. For von Reuter's statement, see <a href="#CITEREFHerwig">Herwig</a>, p. 256.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-Lion.27s_magazine_flooded-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lion.27s_magazine_flooded_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only the quick action of Major <a href="/wiki/Francis_Harvey" title="Francis Harvey">Francis Harvey</a>, who despite being mortally wounded ordered the magazine be flooded, prevented a flash fire.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-flag_transfer-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-flag_transfer_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Seydlitz</i> had resumed her duties as squadron flagship after the loss of <i>Lützow</i> at Jutland.</span></li> | |
| </ol> | |
| </div> | |
| <p><b>Citations</b></p> | |
| <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em; list-style-type: decimal;"> | |
| <ol class="references"> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerwig77-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerwig77_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerwig">Herwig</a>, p. 77.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerwig81-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerwig81_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerwig">Herwig</a>, p. 81.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner">Gröner</a>, p. 56.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff34-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff34_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff34_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff34_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStaff">Staff</a>, p. 34.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff34.E2.80.9335-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff34.E2.80.9335_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStaff">Staff</a>, pp. 34–35.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner54.E2.80.9355-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner54.E2.80.9355_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner">Gröner</a>, pp. 54–55.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner57_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner">Gröner</a>, p. 57.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff37-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff37_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStaff">Staff</a>, p. 37.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff36-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff36_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff36_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff36_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff36_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff36_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStaff">Staff</a>, p. 36.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENavWeaps_.2830.5_cm.2F50.29-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENavWeaps_.2830.5_cm.2F50.29_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNavWeaps_.2830.5_cm.2F50.29">NavWeaps (30.5 cm/50)</a>.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENavWeaps_.2815_cm.2F45.29-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENavWeaps_.2815_cm.2F45.29_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNavWeaps_.2815_cm.2F45.29">NavWeaps (15 cm/45)</a>.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENavWeaps_.288.8_cm.2F45.29-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENavWeaps_.288.8_cm.2F45.29_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNavWeaps_.288.8_cm.2F45.29">NavWeaps (8.8 cm/45)</a>.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENavWeaps_.28Torpedoes.29-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENavWeaps_.28Torpedoes.29_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNavWeaps_.28Torpedoes.29">NavWeaps (Torpedoes)</a>.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff39-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff39_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff39_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff39_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStaff">Staff</a>, p. 39.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56.E2.80.9357-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr.C3.B6ner56.E2.80.9357_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner">Gröner</a>, pp. 56–57.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff39.E2.80.9340-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff39.E2.80.9340_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStaff">Staff</a>, pp. 39–40.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerwig256-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerwig256_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerwig">Herwig</a>, p. 256.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff40-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff40_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStaff">Staff</a>, p. 40.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETarrant138.E2.80.93140-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarrant138.E2.80.93140_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTarrant">Tarrant</a>, pp. 138–140.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff41-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff41_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff41_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStaff">Staff</a>, p. 41.</span></li> | |
| <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaff42-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff42_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaff42_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStaff">Staff</a>, p. 42.</span></li> | |
| </ol> | |
| </div></div><h2 id="References" class="section_heading" data-id="12">References<a data-id="12" data-action="edit_section" class="edit_section_button"></a></h2><div id="content_block_12"><table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> | |
| <tbody><tr> | |
| <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></td> | |
| <td class="mbox-text plainlist" style="">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Derfflinger_class_battlecruisers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Derfflinger class battlecruisers">Derfflinger class battlecruisers</a></b></i>.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </tbody></table> | |
| <table class="metadata mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> | |
| <tbody><tr> | |
| <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="Book icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/30px-Office-book.svg.png" width="30" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"></td> | |
| <td class="mbox-text plainlist" style=""> | |
| <ul style="font-weight: bold"> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Book:Derfflinger-class_battlecruisers" title="Book:Derfflinger-class battlecruisers">Book: Derfflinger-class battlecruisers</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </tbody></table> | |
| <div class="noprint tright portal" style="border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;"> | |
| <table style="background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;max-width:175px;"> | |
| <tbody><tr valign="middle"> | |
| <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/File:BS_Bismarck.png" class="image"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/BS_Bismarck.png/32px-BS_Bismarck.png" width="32" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/BS_Bismarck.png/48px-BS_Bismarck.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/BS_Bismarck.png/64px-BS_Bismarck.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="204"></a></td> | |
| <td style="padding:0 0.2em;vertical-align:middle;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Battleships" title="Portal:Battleships">Battleships portal</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </tbody></table> | |
| </div> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><span id="CITEREFBennett" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Bennett" title="Geoffrey Bennett">Bennett, Geoffrey</a> (2005). <i>Naval Battles of the First World War</i>. London: Pen & Sword Military Classics. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-300-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-300-8">978-1-84415-300-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/57750267">57750267</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADerfflinger-class+battlecruiser&rft.au=Bennett%2C+Geoffrey&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.btitle=Naval+Battles+of+the+First+World+War&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57750267&rft.isbn=978-1-84415-300-8&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Military+Classics&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> | |
| <li><span id="CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner" class="citation book">Gröner, Erich (1990). <i>German Warships: 1815–1945</i>. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-790-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-790-6">978-0-87021-790-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/22101769">22101769</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADerfflinger-class+battlecruiser&rft.aufirst=Erich&rft.au=Gr%C3%B6ner%2C+Erich&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%B6ner&rft.btitle=German+Warships%3A+1815%E2%80%931945&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=book&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F22101769&rft.isbn=978-0-87021-790-6&rft.place=Annapolis&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> | |
| <li><span id="CITEREFHerwig" class="citation book">Herwig, Holger (1998) [1980]. <i>"Luxury" Fleet: The Imperial German Navy 1888–1918</i>. Amherst, New York: Humanity Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57392-286-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57392-286-9">978-1-57392-286-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/57239454">57239454</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADerfflinger-class+battlecruiser&rft.aufirst=Holger&rft.au=Herwig%2C+Holger&rft.aulast=Herwig&rft.btitle=%22Luxury%22+Fleet%3A+The+Imperial+German+Navy+1888%E2%80%931918&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57239454&rft.isbn=978-1-57392-286-9&rft.place=Amherst%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Humanity+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> | |
| <li><span id="CITEREFStaff" class="citation book">Staff, Gary (2006). <i>German Battlecruisers: 1914–1918</i>. Oxford: Osprey Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-009-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-009-3">978-1-84603-009-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/64555761">64555761</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADerfflinger-class+battlecruiser&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.aulast=Staff&rft.au=Staff%2C+Gary&rft.btitle=German+Battlecruisers%3A+1914%E2%80%931918&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F64555761&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-009-3&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> | |
| <li><span id="CITEREFTarrant" class="citation book">Tarrant, V. E. (2001) [1995]. <i>Jutland: The German Perspective</i>. London: Cassell Military Paperbacks. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-304-35848-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-304-35848-9">978-0-304-35848-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/48131785">48131785</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADerfflinger-class+battlecruiser&rft.aufirst=V.+E.&rft.aulast=Tarrant&rft.au=Tarrant%2C+V.+E.&rft.btitle=Jutland%3A+The+German+Perspective&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48131785&rft.isbn=978-0-304-35848-9&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cassell+Military+Paperbacks&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p><b>Online sources</b></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><span id="CITEREFNavWeaps_.2830.5_cm.2F50.29" class="citation web">DiGiulian, Tony (28 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNGER_12-50_skc12.htm">"Germany 30.5 cm/50 (12") SK L/50"</a>. NavWeaps.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 24 July 2009</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADerfflinger-class+battlecruiser&rft.au=DiGiulian%2C+Tony&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.aulast=DiGiulian&rft.btitle=Germany+30.5%26nbsp%3Bcm%2F50+%2812%22%29+SK+L%2F50&rft.date=28+December+2008&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navweaps.com%2FWeapons%2FWNGER_12-50_skc12.htm&rft.pub=NavWeaps.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> | |
| <li><span id="CITEREFNavWeaps_.2815_cm.2F45.29" class="citation web">DiGiulian, Tony (6 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNGER_59-45_skc16.htm">"German 15 cm/45 (5.9") SK L/45"</a>. NavWeaps.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 24 July 2009</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADerfflinger-class+battlecruiser&rft.au=DiGiulian%2C+Tony&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.aulast=DiGiulian&rft.btitle=German+15%26nbsp%3Bcm%2F45+%285.9%22%29+SK+L%2F45&rft.date=6+July+2007&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navweaps.com%2FWeapons%2FWNGER_59-45_skc16.htm&rft.pub=NavWeaps.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> | |
| <li><span id="CITEREFNavWeaps_.288.8_cm.2F45.29" class="citation web">DiGiulian, Tony (16 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNGER_88mm-45_skc13.htm">"German 8.8 cm/45 (3.46") SK L/45, 8.8 cm/45 (3.46") Tbts KL/45, 8.8 cm/45 (3.46") Flak L/45"</a>. NavWeaps.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 24 July 2009</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADerfflinger-class+battlecruiser&rft.au=DiGiulian%2C+Tony&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.aulast=DiGiulian&rft.btitle=German+8.8%26nbsp%3Bcm%2F45+%283.46%22%29+SK+L%2F45%2C+8.8%26nbsp%3Bcm%2F45+%283.46%22%29+Tbts+KL%2F45%2C+8.8%26nbsp%3Bcm%2F45+%283.46%22%29+Flak+L%2F45&rft.date=16+April+2009&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navweaps.com%2FWeapons%2FWNGER_88mm-45_skc13.htm&rft.pub=NavWeaps.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> | |
| <li><span id="CITEREFNavWeaps_.28Torpedoes.29" class="citation web">DiGiulian, Tony (21 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTGER_PreWWII.htm">"German Torpedoes Pre-World War II"</a>. NavWeaps.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 24 July 2009</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADerfflinger-class+battlecruiser&rft.au=DiGiulian%2C+Tony&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.aulast=DiGiulian&rft.btitle=German+Torpedoes+Pre-World+War+II&rft.date=21+April+2007&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navweaps.com%2FWeapons%2FWTGER_PreWWII.htm&rft.pub=NavWeaps.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"> | |
| <tbody><tr> | |
| <td style="padding:2px;"> | |
| <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"> | |
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| <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #B0C4DE;;"> | |
| <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Derfflinger_class_battlecruiser" title="Template:Derfflinger class battlecruiser"><span title="View this template" style=";background-color: #B0C4DE;;background:none transparent;border:none;;">v</span></a></li> | |
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| </ul> | |
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| <div style="font-size:110%;"><strong class="selflink"><i>Derfflinger</i>-class battlecruisers</strong></div> | |
| </th> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px;"> | |
| <td colspan="2"></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Derfflinger" title="SMS Derfflinger"><i>Derfflinger</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_L%C3%BCtzow" title="SMS Lützow"><i>Lützow</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Hindenburg" title="SMS Hindenburg"><i>Hindenburg</i></a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px;"> | |
| <td colspan="2"></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>Preceded by: <a href="/wiki/SMS_Seydlitz" title="SMS Seydlitz">SMS <i>Seydlitz</i></a></li> | |
| <li>Followed by: <a href="/wiki/Mackensen-class_battlecruiser" title="Mackensen-class battlecruiser"><i>Mackensen</i> class</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px;"> | |
| <td colspan="2"></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #DCDCDC;;"> | |
| <div> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_Imperial_German_Navy" title="List of ships of the Imperial German Navy">List of ships of the Imperial German Navy</a></b></li> | |
| <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_battlecruisers_of_Germany" title="List of battlecruisers of Germany">List of battlecruisers of Germany</a></b></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </tbody></table> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </tbody></table> | |
| <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"> | |
| <tbody><tr> | |
| <td style="padding:2px;"> | |
| <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"> | |
| <tbody><tr> | |
| <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #B0C4DE;;"> | |
| <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWIGermanShips" title="Template:WWIGermanShips"><span title="View this template" style=";background-color: #B0C4DE;;background:none transparent;border:none;;">v</span></a></li> | |
| <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWIGermanShips" title="Template talk:WWIGermanShips"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color: #B0C4DE;;background:none transparent;border:none;;">t</span></a></li> | |
| <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:WWIGermanShips&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";background-color: #B0C4DE;;background:none transparent;border:none;;">e</span></a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| <div style="font-size:110%;">German naval ship classes of World War I</div> | |
| </th> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px;"> | |
| <td colspan="2"></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DCDCDC;;"><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought" title="Dreadnought">Dreadnought</a> <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleships</a></th> | |
| <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau-class_battleship" title="Nassau-class battleship"><i>Nassau</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Helgoland-class_battleship" title="Helgoland-class battleship"><i>Helgoland</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser-class_battleship" title="Kaiser-class battleship"><i>Kaiser</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nig-class_battleship" title="König-class battleship"><i>König</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Bayern-class_battleship" title="Bayern-class battleship"><i>Bayern</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/L_20_%CE%B1-class_battleship" title="L 20 α-class battleship">L 20 α</a><span style="padding-left:0.2em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px;"> | |
| <td colspan="2"></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DCDCDC;;"><a href="/wiki/Pre-dreadnought_battleship" title="Pre-dreadnought battleship">Pre-dreadnought battleships</a></th> | |
| <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-class_battleship" title="Brandenburg-class battleship"><i>Brandenburg</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Friedrich_III-class_battleship" title="Kaiser Friedrich III-class battleship"><i>Kaiser Friedrich III</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Wittelsbach-class_battleship" title="Wittelsbach-class battleship"><i>Wittelsbach</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig-class_battleship" title="Braunschweig-class battleship"><i>Braunschweig</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Deutschland-class_battleship" title="Deutschland-class battleship"><i>Deutschland</i></a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px;"> | |
| <td colspan="2"></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DCDCDC;;"><a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">Battlecruisers</a></th> | |
| <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Von_der_Tann" title="SMS Von der Tann">SMS <i>Von der Tann</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.2em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Moltke-class_battlecruiser" title="Moltke-class battlecruiser"><i>Moltke</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Seydlitz" title="SMS Seydlitz">SMS <i>Seydlitz</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.2em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> | |
| <li><strong class="selflink"><i>Derfflinger</i></strong></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Mackensen-class_battlecruiser" title="Mackensen-class battlecruiser"><i>Mackensen</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.2em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Ersatz_Yorck-class_battlecruiser" title="Ersatz Yorck-class battlecruiser"><i>Ersatz Yorck</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.2em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px;"> | |
| <td colspan="2"></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DCDCDC;;"><a href="/wiki/Armored_cruiser" title="Armored cruiser">Armored cruisers</a></th> | |
| <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_F%C3%BCrst_Bismarck_(1897)" title="SMS Fürst Bismarck (1897)">SMS <i>Fürst Bismarck</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.2em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Prinz_Heinrich" title="SMS Prinz Heinrich">SMS <i>Prinz Heinrich</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.2em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Prinz_Adalbert-class_cruiser" title="Prinz Adalbert-class cruiser"><i>Prinz Adalbert</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Roon-class_cruiser" title="Roon-class cruiser"><i>Roon</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Scharnhorst-class_cruiser" title="Scharnhorst-class cruiser"><i>Scharnhorst</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Bl%C3%BCcher" title="SMS Blücher">SMS <i>Blücher</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.2em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px;"> | |
| <td colspan="2"></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DCDCDC;;"><a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">Light cruisers</a></th> | |
| <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Hela" title="SMS Hela">SMS <i>Hela</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.2em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Gazelle-class_cruiser" title="Gazelle-class cruiser"><i>Gazelle</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen-class_cruiser" title="Bremen-class cruiser"><i>Bremen</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg-class_cruiser_(1905)" title="Königsberg-class cruiser (1905)"><i>Königsberg</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden-class_cruiser" title="Dresden-class cruiser"><i>Dresden</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus-class_minelayer" title="Nautilus-class minelayer"><i>Nautilus</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Kolberg-class_cruiser" title="Kolberg-class cruiser"><i>Kolberg</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg-class_cruiser" title="Magdeburg-class cruiser"><i>Magdeburg</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe-class_cruiser" title="Karlsruhe-class cruiser"><i>Karlsruhe</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Graudenz-class_cruiser" title="Graudenz-class cruiser"><i>Graudenz</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Pillau-class_cruiser" title="Pillau-class cruiser"><i>Pillau</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden-class_cruiser" title="Wiesbaden-class cruiser"><i>Wiesbaden</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg-class_cruiser_(1915)" title="Königsberg-class cruiser (1915)"><i>Königsberg</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Brummer-class_cruiser" title="Brummer-class cruiser"><i>Brummer</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B6ln-class_cruiser" title="Cöln-class cruiser"><i>Cöln</i></a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_FK_cruiser_designs" title="German FK cruiser designs">FK proposals</a><span style="padding-left:0.2em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px;"> | |
| <td colspan="2"></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DCDCDC;;"><a href="/wiki/Protected_cruiser" title="Protected cruiser">Protected cruisers</a></th> | |
| <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Kaiserin_Augusta" title="SMS Kaiserin Augusta">SMS <i>Kaiserin Augusta</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.2em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Louise-class_cruiser" title="Victoria Louise-class cruiser"><i>Victoria Louise</i></a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px;"> | |
| <td colspan="2"></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DCDCDC;;"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></th> | |
| <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_aircraft_carrier_I_(1915)" title="German aircraft carrier I (1915)">"I"</a><span style="padding-left:0.2em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px;"> | |
| <td colspan="2"></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DCDCDC;;"><a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a></th> | |
| <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/SM_U-1_(Germany)" title="SM U-1 (Germany)">U 1</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/SM_U-2_(Germany)" title="SM U-2 (Germany)">U 2</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/SM_U-3_(Germany)" title="SM U-3 (Germany)">U 3</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/SM_U-5_(Germany)" title="SM U-5 (Germany)">U 5</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_9_submarine" title="German Type U 9 submarine" class="mw-redirect">U 9</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_13_submarine" title="German Type U 13 submarine" class="mw-redirect">U 13</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_16_submarine" title="German Type U 16 submarine" class="mw-redirect">U 16</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_17_submarine" title="German Type U 17 submarine" class="mw-redirect">U 17</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_19_submarine" title="German Type U 19 submarine" class="mw-redirect">U 19</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_23_submarine" title="German Type U 23 submarine" class="mw-redirect">U 23</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_27_submarine" title="German Type U 27 submarine" class="mw-redirect">U 27</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_31_submarine" title="German Type U 31 submarine">U 31</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_43_submarine" title="German Type U 43 submarine" class="mw-redirect">U 43</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_51_submarine" title="German Type U 51 submarine" class="mw-redirect">U 51</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_57_submarine" title="German Type U 57 submarine" class="mw-redirect">U 57</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_63_submarine" title="German Type U 63 submarine" class="mw-redirect">U 63</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_66_submarine" title="German Type U 66 submarine">U 66</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_81_submarine" title="German Type U 81 submarine">U 81</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_87_submarine" title="German Type U 87 submarine">U 87</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_93_submarine" title="German Type U 93 submarine">U 93</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_115_submarine" title="German Type U 115 submarine" class="mw-redirect">U 115</a><span style="padding-left:0.2em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_139_submarine" title="German Type U 139 submarine">U 139</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_142_submarine" title="German Type U 142 submarine" class="mw-redirect">U 142</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_U_151_submarine" title="German Type U 151 submarine">U 151</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_UA_submarine" title="German Type UA submarine" class="mw-redirect">UA</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_UB_I_submarine" title="German Type UB I submarine">UB I</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_UB_II_submarine" title="German Type UB II submarine">UB II</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_UB_III_submarine" title="German Type UB III submarine">UB III</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_UC_I_submarine" title="German Type UC I submarine">UC I</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_UC_II_submarine" title="German Type UC II submarine">UC II</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_UC_III_submarine" title="German Type UC III submarine">UC III</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Type_UD_1_submarine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Type UD 1 submarine (page does not exist)">UD 1</a><span style="padding-left:0.2em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_UE_I_submarine" title="German Type UE I submarine">UE I</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/German_Type_UE_II_submarine" title="German Type UE II submarine">UE II</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Type_UF_submarine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Type UF submarine (page does not exist)">UF</a><span style="padding-left:0.2em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> | |
| <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Type_UG_submarine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Type UG submarine (page does not exist)">UG</a><span style="padding-left:0.2em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px;"> | |
| <td colspan="2"></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color: #DCDCDC;;"> | |
| <div> | |
| <dl> | |
| <dt>S</dt> | |
| <dd>Single ship of class</dd> | |
| <dt>X</dt> | |
| <dd>Cancelled</dd> | |
| <dt>V</dt> | |
| <dd>Conversions</dd> | |
| </dl> | |
| <p><i>See also</i>: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_Imperial_German_Navy" title="List of ships of the Imperial German Navy">List of ships of the Imperial German Navy</a></p> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </tbody></table> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </tbody></table> | |
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| <a id="lastupdated" dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Derfflinger-class_battlecruiser&action=history">Last updated 3 hours ago</a> | |
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| <span id="licensetext">Content is available under <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">CC BY-SA 3.0</a> unless otherwise noted</span> | |
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