Error from trying to build OpenGL Application

error.txt

λ make                                                                                                                                                    
-- Could NOT find Doxygen (missing:  DOXYGEN_EXECUTABLE)                                                                                                  
-- Using Win32 for window creation                                                                                                                        
-- Using WGL for context creation                                                                                                                         
-- Configuring done                                                                                                                                       
-- Generating done                                                                                                                                        
-- Build files have been written to: C:/Users/Rafi Khan/Documents/voxy                                                                                    
[ 22%] Built target glfw                                                                                                                                  
Linking CXX executable bin/voxy.exe                                                                                                                       
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0xb): undefined reference to `_imp____glewCreateShader'                       
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x21): undefined reference to `_imp____glewCreateShader'                      
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x256): undefined reference to `_imp____glewShaderSource'                     
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x27f): undefined reference to `_imp____glewCompileShader'                    
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x291): undefined reference to `_imp____glewGetShaderiv'                      
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x2b2): undefined reference to `_imp____glewGetShaderiv'                      
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x311): undefined reference to `_imp____glewGetShaderInfoLog'                 
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x398): undefined reference to `_imp____glewShaderSource'                     
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x3c1): undefined reference to `_imp____glewCompileShader'                    
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x3d3): undefined reference to `_imp____glewGetShaderiv'                      
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x3f4): undefined reference to `_imp____glewGetShaderiv'                      
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x453): undefined reference to `_imp____glewGetShaderInfoLog'                 
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x4c6): undefined reference to `_imp____glewCreateProgram'                    
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x4d2): undefined reference to `_imp____glewAttachShader'                     
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x4eb): undefined reference to `_imp____glewAttachShader'                     
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x504): undefined reference to `_imp____glewLinkProgram'                      
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x516): undefined reference to `_imp____glewGetProgramiv'                     
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x537): undefined reference to `_imp____glewGetProgramiv'                     
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x596): undefined reference to `_imp____glewGetProgramInfoLog'                
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x5fd): undefined reference to `_imp____glewDeleteShader'                     
CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj):shaderLoader.cpp:(.text+0x60f): undefined reference to `_imp____glewDeleteShader'                     
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/objects.a(shaderLoader.cpp.obj): bad reloc address 0x1b in secti
on `.text$printf[_printf]'                                                                                                                                
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status                                                                                                            
make[2]: *** [bin/voxy.exe] Error 1                                                                                                                       
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/voxy.dir/all] Error 2                                                                                                            
make: *** [all] Error 2                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                          

main.cpp

/* Copyright 2015 Rafi Khan */

#define GLEW_STATIC
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "util/shaderLoader.hpp"
#define WIDTH 800
#define HEIGHT 600

void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action,
                  int mode) {
  // When a user presses the escape key, we set the WindowShouldClose property
  // to true,
  // closing the application
  if (key == GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE && action == GLFW_PRESS)
    glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, GL_TRUE);
}

int main() {
  //  GLFW
  glfwInit();

  glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
  glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
  glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
  glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);

  glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GL_FALSE);

  GLFWwindow* window =
      glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "Voxy", nullptr, nullptr);
  glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

  if (window == NULL) {
    std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
    glfwTerminate();
    return -1;
  } else {
    std::cout << "Window created" << std::endl;
  }

  //  GLEW
  glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
  if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK) {
    std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLEW" << std::endl;
    return -1;
  }

  //  Init
  glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);

  GLfloat vertices[] = {-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f,
                        0.0f,  0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f};

  void key_callback(GLFWwindow * window, int key, int scancode, int action,
                    int mode);

  static const GLfloat verts[] = {
      -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
  };

  GLuint vao;
  glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
  glBindVertexArray(vao);

  GLuint vbo;
  glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);
  glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
  glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(verts), verts, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

  // Load Shaders

  GLuint program = LoadShaders("shader.vert", "shader.frag");
  glUseProgram(program);
  // std::string vertexShaderSource;
  // GLuint vertexShader;
  // vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
  // glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, nullptr)

  // Render Loop

  while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
    glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, 0.7f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    // Check and call events
    glfwPollEvents();

    // Render things here
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);

    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);

    // Swap the buffers
    glfwSwapBuffers(window);
  }

  glfwTerminate();
}

shaderLoader.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <GL/glew.h>

#include "shaderLoader.hpp"

GLuint LoadShaders(const char * vertex_file_path,const char * fragment_file_path){

	// Create the shaders
	GLuint VertexShaderID = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
	GLuint FragmentShaderID = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);

	// Read the Vertex Shader code from the file
	std::string VertexShaderCode;
	std::ifstream VertexShaderStream(vertex_file_path, std::ios::in);
	if(VertexShaderStream.is_open()){
		std::string Line = "";
		while(getline(VertexShaderStream, Line))
			VertexShaderCode += "\n" + Line;
		VertexShaderStream.close();
	}else{
		printf("Impossible to open %s. Are you in the right directory ? Don't forget to read the FAQ !\n", vertex_file_path);
		getchar();
		return 0;
	}

	// Read the Fragment Shader code from the file
	std::string FragmentShaderCode;
	std::ifstream FragmentShaderStream(fragment_file_path, std::ios::in);
	if(FragmentShaderStream.is_open()){
		std::string Line = "";
		while(getline(FragmentShaderStream, Line))
			FragmentShaderCode += "\n" + Line;
		FragmentShaderStream.close();
	}



	GLint Result = GL_FALSE;
	int InfoLogLength;



	// Compile Vertex Shader
	printf("Compiling shader : %s\n", vertex_file_path);
	char const * VertexSourcePointer = VertexShaderCode.c_str();
	glShaderSource(VertexShaderID, 1, &VertexSourcePointer , NULL);
	glCompileShader(VertexShaderID);

	// Check Vertex Shader
	glGetShaderiv(VertexShaderID, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &Result);
	glGetShaderiv(VertexShaderID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &InfoLogLength);
	if ( InfoLogLength > 0 ){
		std::vector<char> VertexShaderErrorMessage(InfoLogLength+1);
		glGetShaderInfoLog(VertexShaderID, InfoLogLength, NULL, &VertexShaderErrorMessage[0]);
		printf("%s\n", &VertexShaderErrorMessage[0]);
	}



	// Compile Fragment Shader
	printf("Compiling shader : %s\n", fragment_file_path);
	char const * FragmentSourcePointer = FragmentShaderCode.c_str();
	glShaderSource(FragmentShaderID, 1, &FragmentSourcePointer , NULL);
	glCompileShader(FragmentShaderID);

	// Check Fragment Shader
	glGetShaderiv(FragmentShaderID, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &Result);
	glGetShaderiv(FragmentShaderID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &InfoLogLength);
	if ( InfoLogLength > 0 ){
		std::vector<char> FragmentShaderErrorMessage(InfoLogLength+1);
		glGetShaderInfoLog(FragmentShaderID, InfoLogLength, NULL, &FragmentShaderErrorMessage[0]);
		printf("%s\n", &FragmentShaderErrorMessage[0]);
	}



	// Link the program
	printf("Linking program\n");
	GLuint ProgramID = glCreateProgram();
	glAttachShader(ProgramID, VertexShaderID);
	glAttachShader(ProgramID, FragmentShaderID);
	glLinkProgram(ProgramID);

	// Check the program
	glGetProgramiv(ProgramID, GL_LINK_STATUS, &Result);
	glGetProgramiv(ProgramID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &InfoLogLength);
	if ( InfoLogLength > 0 ){
		std::vector<char> ProgramErrorMessage(InfoLogLength+1);
		glGetProgramInfoLog(ProgramID, InfoLogLength, NULL, &ProgramErrorMessage[0]);
		printf("%s\n", &ProgramErrorMessage[0]);
	}

	glDeleteShader(VertexShaderID);
	glDeleteShader(FragmentShaderID);

	return ProgramID;
}

shaderLoader.hpp

#ifndef SHADERLOADER_HPP
#define SHADERLOADER_HPP

GLuint LoadShaders(const char * vertex_file_path,const char * fragment_file_path);

#endif

Fixed by using #define GLEW_STATIC on both .cpp files

Fixed by using #define GLEW_STATIC on both .cpp files
Excuse me, you mean that by adding a line '#define GLEW_STATIC ' in all '.ccp' files, we can resolve the problem?

Ya i believe so.

…

On Thu, Mar 18, 2021 at 11:51 AM zzheng90 ***@***.***> wrote: ***@***.**** commented on this gist. ------------------------------ Fixed by using #define GLEW_STATIC on both .cpp files Excuse me, you mean that by adding a line '#define GLEW_STATIC ' in all '.ccp' files, we can resolve the problem? — You are receiving this because you authored the thread. Reply to this email directly, view it on GitHub <https://gist.github.com/e0ba524f2c0df124f5e8#gistcomment-3669886>, or unsubscribe <https://github.com/notifications/unsubscribe-auth/ACEVI7IJVX4VBR4OS3RROTLTEIOPHANCNFSM4ZM4JTYQ> .