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TMUX(1) BSD General Commands Manual TMUX(1) | |
NAME | |
tmux — terminal multiplexer | |
SYNOPSIS | |
tmux [-2CDluvV] [-c shell-command] [-f file] [-L socket-name] [-S socket-path] [-T features] | |
[command [flags]] | |
DESCRIPTION | |
tmux is a terminal multiplexer: it enables a number of terminals to be created, accessed, and con‐ | |
trolled from a single screen. tmux may be detached from a screen and continue running in the | |
background, then later reattached. | |
When tmux is started, it creates a new session with a single window and displays it on screen. A | |
status line at the bottom of the screen shows information on the current session and is used to | |
enter interactive commands. | |
A session is a single collection of pseudo terminals under the management of tmux. Each session | |
has one or more windows linked to it. A window occupies the entire screen and may be split into | |
rectangular panes, each of which is a separate pseudo terminal (the pty(4) manual page documents | |
the technical details of pseudo terminals). Any number of tmux instances may connect to the same | |
session, and any number of windows may be present in the same session. Once all sessions are | |
killed, tmux exits. | |
Each session is persistent and will survive accidental disconnection (such as ssh(1) connection | |
timeout) or intentional detaching (with the ‘C-b d’ key strokes). tmux may be reattached using: | |
$ tmux attach | |
In tmux, a session is displayed on screen by a client and all sessions are managed by a single | |
server. The server and each client are separate processes which communicate through a socket in | |
/tmp. | |
The options are as follows: | |
-2 Force tmux to assume the terminal supports 256 colours. This is equivalent to -T | |
256. | |
-C Start in control mode (see the CONTROL MODE section). Given twice (-CC) disables | |
echo. | |
-c shell-command | |
Execute shell-command using the default shell. If necessary, the tmux server will | |
be started to retrieve the default-shell option. This option is for compatibility | |
with sh(1) when tmux is used as a login shell. | |
-D Do not start the tmux server as a daemon. This also turns the exit-empty option | |
off. With -D, command may not be specified. | |
-f file Specify an alternative configuration file. By default, tmux loads the system con‐ | |
figuration file from /etc/tmux.conf, if present, then looks for a user configuration | |
file at ~/.tmux.conf, $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/tmux/tmux.conf or ~/.config/tmux/tmux.conf. | |
The configuration file is a set of tmux commands which are executed in sequence when | |
the server is first started. tmux loads configuration files once when the server | |
process has started. The source-file command may be used to load a file later. | |
tmux shows any error messages from commands in configuration files in the first ses‐ | |
sion created, and continues to process the rest of the configuration file. | |
-L socket-name | |
tmux stores the server socket in a directory under TMUX_TMPDIR or /tmp if it is un‐ | |
set. The default socket is named default. This option allows a different socket | |
name to be specified, allowing several independent tmux servers to be run. Unlike | |
-S a full path is not necessary: the sockets are all created in a directory tmux-UID | |
under the directory given by TMUX_TMPDIR or in /tmp. The tmux-UID directory is cre‐ | |
ated by tmux and must not be world readable, writable or executable. | |
If the socket is accidentally removed, the SIGUSR1 signal may be sent to the tmux | |
server process to recreate it (note that this will fail if any parent directories | |
are missing). | |
-l Behave as a login shell. This flag currently has no effect and is for compatibility | |
with other shells when using tmux as a login shell. | |
-N Do not start the server even if the command would normally do so (for example | |
new-session or start-server). | |
-S socket-path | |
Specify a full alternative path to the server socket. If -S is specified, the de‐ | |
fault socket directory is not used and any -L flag is ignored. | |
-u Write UTF-8 output to the terminal even if the first environment variable of LC_ALL, | |
LC_CTYPE, or LANG that is set does not contain "UTF-8" or "UTF8". | |
-T features Set terminal features for the client. This is a comma-separated list of features. | |
See the terminal-features option. | |
-v Request verbose logging. Log messages will be saved into tmux-client-PID.log and | |
tmux-server-PID.log files in the current directory, where PID is the PID of the | |
server or client process. If -v is specified twice, an additional tmux-out-PID.log | |
file is generated with a copy of everything tmux writes to the terminal. | |
The SIGUSR2 signal may be sent to the tmux server process to toggle logging between | |
on (as if -v was given) and off. | |
-V Report the tmux version. | |
command [flags] | |
This specifies one of a set of commands used to control tmux, as described in the | |
following sections. If no commands are specified, the new-session command is as‐ | |
sumed. | |
DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS | |
tmux may be controlled from an attached client by using a key combination of a prefix key, ‘C-b’ | |
(Ctrl-b) by default, followed by a command key. | |
The default command key bindings are: | |
C-b Send the prefix key (C-b) through to the application. | |
C-o Rotate the panes in the current window forwards. | |
C-z Suspend the tmux client. | |
! Break the current pane out of the window. | |
" Split the current pane into two, top and bottom. | |
# List all paste buffers. | |
$ Rename the current session. | |
% Split the current pane into two, left and right. | |
& Kill the current window. | |
' Prompt for a window index to select. | |
( Switch the attached client to the previous session. | |
) Switch the attached client to the next session. | |
, Rename the current window. | |
- Delete the most recently copied buffer of text. | |
. Prompt for an index to move the current window. | |
0 to 9 Select windows 0 to 9. | |
: Enter the tmux command prompt. | |
; Move to the previously active pane. | |
= Choose which buffer to paste interactively from a list. | |
? List all key bindings. | |
D Choose a client to detach. | |
L Switch the attached client back to the last session. | |
[ Enter copy mode to copy text or view the history. | |
] Paste the most recently copied buffer of text. | |
c Create a new window. | |
d Detach the current client. | |
f Prompt to search for text in open windows. | |
i Display some information about the current window. | |
l Move to the previously selected window. | |
m Mark the current pane (see select-pane -m). | |
M Clear the marked pane. | |
n Change to the next window. | |
o Select the next pane in the current window. | |
p Change to the previous window. | |
q Briefly display pane indexes. | |
r Force redraw of the attached client. | |
s Select a new session for the attached client interactively. | |
t Show the time. | |
w Choose the current window interactively. | |
x Kill the current pane. | |
z Toggle zoom state of the current pane. | |
{ Swap the current pane with the previous pane. | |
} Swap the current pane with the next pane. | |
~ Show previous messages from tmux, if any. | |
Page Up Enter copy mode and scroll one page up. | |
Up, Down | |
Left, Right | |
Change to the pane above, below, to the left, or to the right of the current | |
pane. | |
M-1 to M-5 Arrange panes in one of the five preset layouts: even-horizontal, even-vertical, | |
main-horizontal, main-vertical, or tiled. | |
Space Arrange the current window in the next preset layout. | |
M-n Move to the next window with a bell or activity marker. | |
M-o Rotate the panes in the current window backwards. | |
M-p Move to the previous window with a bell or activity marker. | |
C-Up, C-Down | |
C-Left, C-Right | |
Resize the current pane in steps of one cell. | |
M-Up, M-Down | |
M-Left, M-Right | |
Resize the current pane in steps of five cells. | |
Key bindings may be changed with the bind-key and unbind-key commands. | |
COMMAND PARSING AND EXECUTION | |
tmux supports a large number of commands which can be used to control its behaviour. Each command | |
is named and can accept zero or more flags and arguments. They may be bound to a key with the | |
bind-key command or run from the shell prompt, a shell script, a configuration file or the command | |
prompt. For example, the same set-option command run from the shell prompt, from ~/.tmux.conf and | |
bound to a key may look like: | |
$ tmux set-option -g status-style bg=cyan | |
set-option -g status-style bg=cyan | |
bind-key C set-option -g status-style bg=cyan | |
Here, the command name is ‘set-option’, ‘-g’ is a flag and ‘status-style’ and ‘bg=cyan’ are argu‐ | |
ments. | |
tmux distinguishes between command parsing and execution. In order to execute a command, tmux | |
needs it to be split up into its name and arguments. This is command parsing. If a command is | |
run from the shell, the shell parses it; from inside tmux or from a configuration file, tmux does. | |
Examples of when tmux parses commands are: | |
- in a configuration file; | |
- typed at the command prompt (see command-prompt); | |
- given to bind-key; | |
- passed as arguments to if-shell or confirm-before. | |
To execute commands, each client has a ‘command queue’. A global command queue not attached to | |
any client is used on startup for configuration files like ~/.tmux.conf. Parsed commands added to | |
the queue are executed in order. Some commands, like if-shell and confirm-before, parse their ar‐ | |
gument to create a new command which is inserted immediately after themselves. This means that | |
arguments can be parsed twice or more - once when the parent command (such as if-shell) is parsed | |
and again when it parses and executes its command. Commands like if-shell, run-shell and | |
display-panes stop execution of subsequent commands on the queue until something happens - | |
if-shell and run-shell until a shell command finishes and display-panes until a key is pressed. | |
For example, the following commands: | |
new-session; new-window | |
if-shell "true" "split-window" | |
kill-session | |
Will execute new-session, new-window, if-shell, the shell command true(1), split-window and | |
kill-session in that order. | |
The COMMANDS section lists the tmux commands and their arguments. | |
PARSING SYNTAX | |
This section describes the syntax of commands parsed by tmux, for example in a configuration file | |
or at the command prompt. Note that when commands are entered into the shell, they are parsed by | |
the shell - see for example ksh(1) or csh(1). | |
Each command is terminated by a newline or a semicolon (;). Commands separated by semicolons to‐ | |
gether form a ‘command sequence’ - if a command in the sequence encounters an error, no subsequent | |
commands are executed. | |
It is recommended that a semicolon used as a command separator should be written as an individual | |
token, for example from sh(1): | |
$ tmux neww \; splitw | |
Or: | |
$ tmux neww ';' splitw | |
Or from the tmux command prompt: | |
neww ; splitw | |
However, a trailing semicolon is also interpreted as a command separator, for example in these | |
sh(1) commands: | |
$ tmux neww\\; splitw | |
Or: | |
$ tmux 'neww;' splitw | |
As in these examples, when running tmux from the shell extra care must be taken to properly quote | |
semicolons: | |
1. Semicolons that should be interpreted as a command separator should be escaped accord‐ | |
ing to the shell conventions. For sh(1) this typically means quoted (such as ‘neww ';' | |
splitw’) or escaped (such as ‘neww \\\\; splitw’). | |
2. Individual semicolons or trailing semicolons that should be interpreted as arguments | |
should be escaped twice: once according to the shell conventions and a second time for | |
tmux; for example: | |
$ tmux neww 'foo\\;' bar | |
$ tmux neww foo\\\\; bar | |
3. Semicolons that are not individual tokens or trailing another token should only be es‐ | |
caped once according to shell conventions; for example: | |
$ tmux neww 'foo-;-bar' | |
$ tmux neww foo-\\;-bar | |
Comments are marked by the unquoted # character - any remaining text after a comment is ignored | |
until the end of the line. | |
If the last character of a line is \, the line is joined with the following line (the \ and the | |
newline are completely removed). This is called line continuation and applies both inside and | |
outside quoted strings and in comments, but not inside braces. | |
Command arguments may be specified as strings surrounded by single (') quotes, double quotes (") | |
or braces ({}). This is required when the argument contains any special character. Single and | |
double quoted strings cannot span multiple lines except with line continuation. Braces can span | |
multiple lines. | |
Outside of quotes and inside double quotes, these replacements are performed: | |
- Environment variables preceded by $ are replaced with their value from the global envi‐ | |
ronment (see the GLOBAL AND SESSION ENVIRONMENT section). | |
- A leading ~ or ~user is expanded to the home directory of the current or specified user. | |
- \uXXXX or \uXXXXXXXX is replaced by the Unicode codepoint corresponding to the given | |
four or eight digit hexadecimal number. | |
- When preceded (escaped) by a \, the following characters are replaced: \e by the escape | |
character; \r by a carriage return; \n by a newline; and \t by a tab. | |
- \ooo is replaced by a character of the octal value ooo. Three octal digits are re‐ | |
quired, for example \001. The largest valid character is \377. | |
- Any other characters preceded by \ are replaced by themselves (that is, the \ is re‐ | |
moved) and are not treated as having any special meaning - so for example \; will not | |
mark a command sequence and \$ will not expand an environment variable. | |
Braces are parsed as a configuration file (so conditions such as ‘%if’ are processed) and then | |
converted into a string. They are designed to avoid the need for additional escaping when passing | |
a group of tmux commands as an argument (for example to if-shell). These two examples produce an | |
identical command - note that no escaping is needed when using {}: | |
if-shell true { | |
display -p 'brace-dollar-foo: }$foo' | |
} | |
if-shell true "display -p 'brace-dollar-foo: }\$foo'" | |
Braces may be enclosed inside braces, for example: | |
bind x if-shell "true" { | |
if-shell "true" { | |
display "true!" | |
} | |
} | |
Environment variables may be set by using the syntax ‘name=value’, for example ‘HOME=/home/user’. | |
Variables set during parsing are added to the global environment. A hidden variable may be set | |
with ‘%hidden’, for example: | |
%hidden MYVAR=42 | |
Hidden variables are not passed to the environment of processes created by tmux. See the GLOBAL | |
AND SESSION ENVIRONMENT section. | |
Commands may be parsed conditionally by surrounding them with ‘%if’, ‘%elif’, ‘%else’ and | |
‘%endif’. The argument to ‘%if’ and ‘%elif’ is expanded as a format (see FORMATS) and if it eval‐ | |
uates to false (zero or empty), subsequent text is ignored until the closing ‘%elif’, ‘%else’ or | |
‘%endif’. For example: | |
%if "#{==:#{host},myhost}" | |
set -g status-style bg=red | |
%elif "#{==:#{host},myotherhost}" | |
set -g status-style bg=green | |
%else | |
set -g status-style bg=blue | |
%endif | |
Will change the status line to red if running on ‘myhost’, green if running on ‘myotherhost’, or | |
blue if running on another host. Conditionals may be given on one line, for example: | |
%if #{==:#{host},myhost} set -g status-style bg=red %endif | |
COMMANDS | |
This section describes the commands supported by tmux. Most commands accept the optional -t (and | |
sometimes -s) argument with one of target-client, target-session, target-window, or target-pane. | |
These specify the client, session, window or pane which a command should affect. | |
target-client should be the name of the client, typically the pty(4) file to which the client is | |
connected, for example either of /dev/ttyp1 or ttyp1 for the client attached to /dev/ttyp1. If no | |
client is specified, tmux attempts to work out the client currently in use; if that fails, an er‐ | |
ror is reported. Clients may be listed with the list-clients command. | |
target-session is tried as, in order: | |
1. A session ID prefixed with a $. | |
2. An exact name of a session (as listed by the list-sessions command). | |
3. The start of a session name, for example ‘mysess’ would match a session named | |
‘mysession’. | |
4. An fnmatch(3) pattern which is matched against the session name. | |
If the session name is prefixed with an ‘=’, only an exact match is accepted (so ‘=mysess’ will | |
only match exactly ‘mysess’, not ‘mysession’). | |
If a single session is found, it is used as the target session; multiple matches produce an error. | |
If a session is omitted, the current session is used if available; if no current session is avail‐ | |
able, the most recently used is chosen. | |
target-window (or src-window or dst-window) specifies a window in the form session:window. | |
session follows the same rules as for target-session, and window is looked for in order as: | |
1. A special token, listed below. | |
2. A window index, for example ‘mysession:1’ is window 1 in session ‘mysession’. | |
3. A window ID, such as @1. | |
4. An exact window name, such as ‘mysession:mywindow’. | |
5. The start of a window name, such as ‘mysession:mywin’. | |
6. As an fnmatch(3) pattern matched against the window name. | |
Like sessions, a ‘=’ prefix will do an exact match only. An empty window name specifies the next | |
unused index if appropriate (for example the new-window and link-window commands) otherwise the | |
current window in session is chosen. | |
The following special tokens are available to indicate particular windows. Each has a single- | |
character alternative form. | |
Token Meaning | |
{start} ^ The lowest-numbered window | |
{end} $ The highest-numbered window | |
{last} ! The last (previously current) window | |
{next} + The next window by number | |
{previous} - The previous window by number | |
target-pane (or src-pane or dst-pane) may be a pane ID or takes a similar form to target-window | |
but with the optional addition of a period followed by a pane index or pane ID, for example: | |
‘mysession:mywindow.1’. If the pane index is omitted, the currently active pane in the specified | |
window is used. The following special tokens are available for the pane index: | |
Token Meaning | |
{last} ! The last (previously active) pane | |
{next} + The next pane by number | |
{previous} - The previous pane by number | |
{top} The top pane | |
{bottom} The bottom pane | |
{left} The leftmost pane | |
{right} The rightmost pane | |
{top-left} The top-left pane | |
{top-right} The top-right pane | |
{bottom-left} The bottom-left pane | |
{bottom-right} The bottom-right pane | |
{up-of} The pane above the active pane | |
{down-of} The pane below the active pane | |
{left-of} The pane to the left of the active pane | |
{right-of} The pane to the right of the active pane | |
The tokens ‘+’ and ‘-’ may be followed by an offset, for example: | |
select-window -t:+2 | |
In addition, target-session, target-window or target-pane may consist entirely of the token | |
‘{mouse}’ (alternative form ‘=’) to specify the session, window or pane where the most recent | |
mouse event occurred (see the MOUSE SUPPORT section) or ‘{marked}’ (alternative form ‘~’) to spec‐ | |
ify the marked pane (see select-pane -m). | |
Sessions, window and panes are each numbered with a unique ID; session IDs are prefixed with a | |
‘$’, windows with a ‘@’, and panes with a ‘%’. These are unique and are unchanged for the life of | |
the session, window or pane in the tmux server. The pane ID is passed to the child process of the | |
pane in the TMUX_PANE environment variable. IDs may be displayed using the ‘session_id’, | |
‘window_id’, or ‘pane_id’ formats (see the FORMATS section) and the display-message, | |
list-sessions, list-windows or list-panes commands. | |
shell-command arguments are sh(1) commands. This may be a single argument passed to the shell, | |
for example: | |
new-window 'vi ~/.tmux.conf' | |
Will run: | |
/bin/sh -c 'vi ~/.tmux.conf' | |
Additionally, the new-window, new-session, split-window, respawn-window and respawn-pane commands | |
allow shell-command to be given as multiple arguments and executed directly (without ‘sh -c’). | |
This can avoid issues with shell quoting. For example: | |
$ tmux new-window vi ~/.tmux.conf | |
Will run vi(1) directly without invoking the shell. | |
command [arguments] refers to a tmux command, either passed with the command and arguments sepa‐ | |
rately, for example: | |
bind-key F1 set-option status off | |
Or passed as a single string argument in .tmux.conf, for example: | |
bind-key F1 { set-option status off } | |
Example tmux commands include: | |
refresh-client -t/dev/ttyp2 | |
rename-session -tfirst newname | |
set-option -wt:0 monitor-activity on | |
new-window ; split-window -d | |
bind-key R source-file ~/.tmux.conf \; \ | |
display-message "source-file done" | |
Or from sh(1): | |
$ tmux kill-window -t :1 | |
$ tmux new-window \; split-window -d | |
$ tmux new-session -d 'vi ~/.tmux.conf' \; split-window -d \; attach | |
CLIENTS AND SESSIONS | |
The tmux server manages clients, sessions, windows and panes. Clients are attached to sessions to | |
interact with them, either when they are created with the new-session command, or later with the | |
attach-session command. Each session has one or more windows linked into it. Windows may be | |
linked to multiple sessions and are made up of one or more panes, each of which contains a pseudo | |
terminal. Commands for creating, linking and otherwise manipulating windows are covered in the | |
WINDOWS AND PANES section. | |
The following commands are available to manage clients and sessions: | |
attach-session [-dErx] [-c working-directory] [-f flags] [-t target-session] | |
(alias: attach) | |
If run from outside tmux, create a new client in the current terminal and attach it to | |
target-session. If used from inside, switch the current client. If -d is specified, any | |
other clients attached to the session are detached. If -x is given, send SIGHUP to the | |
parent process of the client as well as detaching the client, typically causing it to | |
exit. -f sets a comma-separated list of client flags. The flags are: | |
active-pane | |
the client has an independent active pane | |
ignore-size | |
the client does not affect the size of other clients | |
no-output | |
the client does not receive pane output in control mode | |
pause-after=seconds | |
output is paused once the pane is seconds behind in control mode | |
read-only | |
the client is read-only | |
wait-exit | |
wait for an empty line input before exiting in control mode | |
A leading ‘!’ turns a flag off if the client is already attached. -r is an alias for -f | |
read-only,ignore-size. When a client is read-only, only keys bound to the detach-client | |
or switch-client commands have any effect. A client with the active-pane flag allows the | |
active pane to be selected independently of the window's active pane used by clients with‐ | |
out the flag. This only affects the cursor position and commands issued from the client; | |
other features such as hooks and styles continue to use the window's active pane. | |
If no server is started, attach-session will attempt to start it; this will fail unless | |
sessions are created in the configuration file. | |
The target-session rules for attach-session are slightly adjusted: if tmux needs to select | |
the most recently used session, it will prefer the most recently used unattached session. | |
-c will set the session working directory (used for new windows) to working-directory. | |
If -E is used, the update-environment option will not be applied. | |
detach-client [-aP] [-E shell-command] [-s target-session] [-t target-client] | |
(alias: detach) | |
Detach the current client if bound to a key, the client specified with -t, or all clients | |
currently attached to the session specified by -s. The -a option kills all but the client | |
given with -t. If -P is given, send SIGHUP to the parent process of the client, typically | |
causing it to exit. With -E, run shell-command to replace the client. | |
has-session [-t target-session] | |
(alias: has) | |
Report an error and exit with 1 if the specified session does not exist. If it does ex‐ | |
ist, exit with 0. | |
kill-server | |
Kill the tmux server and clients and destroy all sessions. | |
kill-session [-aC] [-t target-session] | |
Destroy the given session, closing any windows linked to it and no other sessions, and de‐ | |
taching all clients attached to it. If -a is given, all sessions but the specified one is | |
killed. The -C flag clears alerts (bell, activity, or silence) in all windows linked to | |
the session. | |
list-clients [-F format] [-t target-session] | |
(alias: lsc) | |
List all clients attached to the server. For the meaning of the -F flag, see the FORMATS | |
section. If target-session is specified, list only clients connected to that session. | |
list-commands [-F format] [command] | |
(alias: lscm) | |
List the syntax of command or - if omitted - of all commands supported by tmux. | |
list-sessions [-F format] [-f filter] | |
(alias: ls) | |
List all sessions managed by the server. -F specifies the format of each line and -f a | |
filter. Only sessions for which the filter is true are shown. See the FORMATS section. | |
lock-client [-t target-client] | |
(alias: lockc) | |
Lock target-client, see the lock-server command. | |
lock-session [-t target-session] | |
(alias: locks) | |
Lock all clients attached to target-session. | |
new-session [-AdDEPX] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-f flags] [-F format] [-n | |
window-name] [-s session-name] [-t group-name] [-x width] [-y height] [shell-command] | |
(alias: new) | |
Create a new session with name session-name. | |
The new session is attached to the current terminal unless -d is given. window-name and | |
shell-command are the name of and shell command to execute in the initial window. With | |
-d, the initial size comes from the global default-size option; -x and -y can be used to | |
specify a different size. ‘-’ uses the size of the current client if any. If -x or -y is | |
given, the default-size option is set for the session. -f sets a comma-separated list of | |
client flags (see attach-session). | |
If run from a terminal, any termios(4) special characters are saved and used for new win‐ | |
dows in the new session. | |
The -A flag makes new-session behave like attach-session if session-name already exists; | |
in this case, -D behaves like -d to attach-session, and -X behaves like -x to | |
attach-session. | |
If -t is given, it specifies a session group. Sessions in the same group share the same | |
set of windows - new windows are linked to all sessions in the group and any windows | |
closed removed from all sessions. The current and previous window and any session options | |
remain independent and any session in a group may be killed without affecting the others. | |
The group-name argument may be: | |
1. the name of an existing group, in which case the new session is added to that | |
group; | |
2. the name of an existing session - the new session is added to the same group as | |
that session, creating a new group if necessary; | |
3. the name for a new group containing only the new session. | |
-n and shell-command are invalid if -t is used. | |
The -P option prints information about the new session after it has been created. By de‐ | |
fault, it uses the format ‘#{session_name}:’ but a different format may be specified with | |
-F. | |
If -E is used, the update-environment option will not be applied. -e takes the form | |
‘VARIABLE=value’ and sets an environment variable for the newly created session; it may be | |
specified multiple times. | |
refresh-client [-cDLRSU] [-A pane:state] [-B name:what:format] [-C size] [-f flags] [-l | |
[target-pane]] [-t target-client] [adjustment] | |
(alias: refresh) | |
Refresh the current client if bound to a key, or a single client if one is given with -t. | |
If -S is specified, only update the client's status line. | |
The -U, -D, -L -R, and -c flags allow the visible portion of a window which is larger than | |
the client to be changed. -U moves the visible part up by adjustment rows and -D down, -L | |
left by adjustment columns and -R right. -c returns to tracking the cursor automatically. | |
If adjustment is omitted, 1 is used. Note that the visible position is a property of the | |
client not of the window, changing the current window in the attached session will reset | |
it. | |
-C sets the width and height of a control mode client or of a window for a control mode | |
client, size must be one of ‘widthxheight’ or ‘window ID:widthxheight’, for example | |
‘80x24’ or ‘@0:80x24’. -A allows a control mode client to trigger actions on a pane. The | |
argument is a pane ID (with leading ‘%’), a colon, then one of ‘on’, ‘off’, ‘continue’ or | |
‘pause’. If ‘off’, tmux will not send output from the pane to the client and if all | |
clients have turned the pane off, will stop reading from the pane. If ‘continue’, tmux | |
will return to sending output to the pane if it was paused (manually or with the | |
pause-after flag). If ‘pause’, tmux will pause the pane. -A may be given multiple times | |
for different panes. | |
-B sets a subscription to a format for a control mode client. The argument is split into | |
three items by colons: name is a name for the subscription; what is a type of item to sub‐ | |
scribe to; format is the format. After a subscription is added, changes to the format are | |
reported with the %subscription-changed notification, at most once a second. If only the | |
name is given, the subscription is removed. what may be empty to check the format only | |
for the attached session, or one of: a pane ID such as ‘%0’; ‘%*’ for all panes in the at‐ | |
tached session; a window ID such as ‘@0’; or ‘@*’ for all windows in the attached session. | |
-f sets a comma-separated list of client flags, see attach-session. | |
-l requests the clipboard from the client using the xterm(1) escape sequence. If Ar tar‐ | |
get-pane is given, the clipboard is sent (in encoded form), otherwise it is stored in a | |
new paste buffer. | |
-L, -R, -U and -D move the visible portion of the window left, right, up or down by | |
adjustment, if the window is larger than the client. -c resets so that the position fol‐ | |
lows the cursor. See the window-size option. | |
rename-session [-t target-session] new-name | |
(alias: rename) | |
Rename the session to new-name. | |
server-access [-adlrw] [user] | |
Change the access or read/write permission of user. The user running the tmux server (its | |
owner) and the root user cannot be changed and are always permitted access. | |
-a and -d are used to give or revoke access for the specified user. If the user is al‐ | |
ready attached, the -d flag causes their clients to be detached. | |
-r and -w change the permissions for user: -r makes their clients read-only and -w | |
writable. -l lists current access permissions. | |
By default, the access list is empty and tmux creates sockets with file system permissions | |
preventing access by any user other than the owner (and root). These permissions must be | |
changed manually. Great care should be taken not to allow access to untrusted users even | |
read-only. | |
show-messages [-JT] [-t target-client] | |
(alias: showmsgs) | |
Show server messages or information. Messages are stored, up to a maximum of the limit | |
set by the message-limit server option. -J and -T show debugging information about jobs | |
and terminals. | |
source-file [-Fnqv] path ... | |
(alias: source) | |
Execute commands from one or more files specified by path (which may be glob(7) patterns). | |
If -F is present, then path is expanded as a format. If -q is given, no error will be re‐ | |
turned if path does not exist. With -n, the file is parsed but no commands are executed. | |
-v shows the parsed commands and line numbers if possible. | |
start-server | |
(alias: start) | |
Start the tmux server, if not already running, without creating any sessions. | |
Note that as by default the tmux server will exit with no sessions, this is only useful if | |
a session is created in ~/.tmux.conf, exit-empty is turned off, or another command is run | |
as part of the same command sequence. For example: | |
$ tmux start \; show -g | |
suspend-client [-t target-client] | |
(alias: suspendc) | |
Suspend a client by sending SIGTSTP (tty stop). | |
switch-client [-ElnprZ] [-c target-client] [-t target-session] [-T key-table] | |
(alias: switchc) | |
Switch the current session for client target-client to target-session. As a special case, | |
-t may refer to a pane (a target that contains ‘:’, ‘.’ or ‘%’), to change session, window | |
and pane. In that case, -Z keeps the window zoomed if it was zoomed. If -l, -n or -p is | |
used, the client is moved to the last, next or previous session respectively. -r toggles | |
the client read-only and ignore-size flags (see the attach-session command). | |
If -E is used, update-environment option will not be applied. | |
-T sets the client's key table; the next key from the client will be interpreted from | |
key-table. This may be used to configure multiple prefix keys, or to bind commands to se‐ | |
quences of keys. For example, to make typing ‘abc’ run the list-keys command: | |
bind-key -Ttable2 c list-keys | |
bind-key -Ttable1 b switch-client -Ttable2 | |
bind-key -Troot a switch-client -Ttable1 | |
WINDOWS AND PANES | |
Each window displayed by tmux may be split into one or more panes; each pane takes up a certain | |
area of the display and is a separate terminal. A window may be split into panes using the | |
split-window command. Windows may be split horizontally (with the -h flag) or vertically. Panes | |
may be resized with the resize-pane command (bound to ‘C-Up’, ‘C-Down’ ‘C-Left’ and ‘C-Right’ by | |
default), the current pane may be changed with the select-pane command and the rotate-window and | |
swap-pane commands may be used to swap panes without changing their position. Panes are numbered | |
beginning from zero in the order they are created. | |
By default, a tmux pane permits direct access to the terminal contained in the pane. A pane may | |
also be put into one of several modes: | |
- Copy mode, which permits a section of a window or its history to be copied to a paste | |
buffer for later insertion into another window. This mode is entered with the copy-mode | |
command, bound to ‘[’ by default. Copied text can be pasted with the paste-buffer com‐ | |
mand, bound to ‘]’. | |
- View mode, which is like copy mode but is entered when a command that produces output, | |
such as list-keys, is executed from a key binding. | |
- Choose mode, which allows an item to be chosen from a list. This may be a client, a | |
session or window or pane, or a buffer. This mode is entered with the choose-buffer, | |
choose-client and choose-tree commands. | |
In copy mode an indicator is displayed in the top-right corner of the pane with the current posi‐ | |
tion and the number of lines in the history. | |
Commands are sent to copy mode using the -X flag to the send-keys command. When a key is pressed, | |
copy mode automatically uses one of two key tables, depending on the mode-keys option: copy-mode | |
for emacs, or copy-mode-vi for vi. Key tables may be viewed with the list-keys command. | |
The following commands are supported in copy mode: | |
Command vi emacs | |
append-selection | |
append-selection-and-cancel A | |
back-to-indentation ^ M-m | |
begin-selection Space C-Space | |
bottom-line L | |
cancel q Escape | |
clear-selection Escape C-g | |
copy-end-of-line [<prefix>] | |
copy-end-of-line-and-cancel [<prefix>] | |
copy-pipe-end-of-line [<command>] [<prefix>] | |
copy-pipe-end-of-line-and-cancel [<command>] [<prefix>] D C-k | |
copy-line [<prefix>] | |
copy-line-and-cancel [<prefix>] | |
copy-pipe-line [<command>] [<prefix>] | |
copy-pipe-line-and-cancel [<command>] [<prefix>] | |
copy-pipe [<command>] [<prefix>] | |
copy-pipe-no-clear [<command>] [<prefix>] | |
copy-pipe-and-cancel [<command>] [<prefix>] | |
copy-selection [<prefix>] | |
copy-selection-no-clear [<prefix>] | |
copy-selection-and-cancel [<prefix>] Enter M-w | |
cursor-down j Down | |
cursor-down-and-cancel | |
cursor-left h Left | |
cursor-right l Right | |
cursor-up k Up | |
end-of-line $ C-e | |
goto-line <line> : g | |
halfpage-down C-d M-Down | |
halfpage-down-and-cancel | |
halfpage-up C-u M-Up | |
history-bottom G M-> | |
history-top g M-< | |
jump-again ; ; | |
jump-backward <to> F F | |
jump-forward <to> f f | |
jump-reverse , , | |
jump-to-backward <to> T | |
jump-to-forward <to> t | |
jump-to-mark M-x M-x | |
middle-line M M-r | |
next-matching-bracket % M-C-f | |
next-paragraph } M-} | |
next-space W | |
next-space-end E | |
next-word w | |
next-word-end e M-f | |
other-end o | |
page-down C-f PageDown | |
page-down-and-cancel | |
page-up C-b PageUp | |
pipe [<command>] [<prefix>] | |
pipe-no-clear [<command>] [<prefix>] | |
pipe-and-cancel [<command>] [<prefix>] | |
previous-matching-bracket M-C-b | |
previous-paragraph { M-{ | |
previous-space B | |
previous-word b M-b | |
rectangle-on | |
rectangle-off | |
rectangle-toggle v R | |
refresh-from-pane r r | |
scroll-down C-e C-Down | |
scroll-down-and-cancel | |
scroll-up C-y C-Up | |
search-again n n | |
search-backward <for> ? | |
search-backward-incremental <for> C-r | |
search-backward-text <for> | |
search-forward <for> / | |
search-forward-incremental <for> C-s | |
search-forward-text <for> | |
scroll-bottom | |
scroll-middle z | |
scroll-top | |
search-reverse N N | |
select-line V | |
select-word | |
set-mark X X | |
start-of-line 0 C-a | |
stop-selection | |
toggle-position P P | |
top-line H M-R | |
The search commands come in several varieties: ‘search-forward’ and ‘search-backward’ search for a | |
regular expression; the ‘-text’ variants search for a plain text string rather than a regular ex‐ | |
pression; ‘-incremental’ perform an incremental search and expect to be used with the -i flag to | |
the command-prompt command. ‘search-again’ repeats the last search and ‘search-reverse’ does the | |
same but reverses the direction (forward becomes backward and backward becomes forward). | |
Copy commands may take an optional buffer prefix argument which is used to generate the buffer | |
name (the default is ‘buffer’ so buffers are named ‘buffer0’, ‘buffer1’ and so on). Pipe commands | |
take a command argument which is the command to which the selected text is piped. ‘copy-pipe’ | |
variants also copy the selection. The ‘-and-cancel’ variants of some commands exit copy mode af‐ | |
ter they have completed (for copy commands) or when the cursor reaches the bottom (for scrolling | |
commands). ‘-no-clear’ variants do not clear the selection. | |
The next and previous word keys skip over whitespace and treat consecutive runs of either word | |
separators or other letters as words. Word separators can be customized with the word-separators | |
session option. Next word moves to the start of the next word, next word end to the end of the | |
next word and previous word to the start of the previous word. The three next and previous space | |
keys work similarly but use a space alone as the word separator. Setting word-separators to the | |
empty string makes next/previous word equivalent to next/previous space. | |
The jump commands enable quick movement within a line. For instance, typing ‘f’ followed by ‘/’ | |
will move the cursor to the next ‘/’ character on the current line. A ‘;’ will then jump to the | |
next occurrence. | |
Commands in copy mode may be prefaced by an optional repeat count. With vi key bindings, a prefix | |
is entered using the number keys; with emacs, the Alt (meta) key and a number begins prefix entry. | |
The synopsis for the copy-mode command is: | |
copy-mode [-eHMqu] [-s src-pane] [-t target-pane] | |
Enter copy mode. The -u option scrolls one page up. -M begins a mouse drag (only valid | |
if bound to a mouse key binding, see MOUSE SUPPORT). -H hides the position indicator in | |
the top right. -q cancels copy mode and any other modes. -s copies from src-pane instead | |
of target-pane. | |
-e specifies that scrolling to the bottom of the history (to the visible screen) should | |
exit copy mode. While in copy mode, pressing a key other than those used for scrolling | |
will disable this behaviour. This is intended to allow fast scrolling through a pane's | |
history, for example with: | |
bind PageUp copy-mode -eu | |
A number of preset arrangements of panes are available, these are called layouts. These may be | |
selected with the select-layout command or cycled with next-layout (bound to ‘Space’ by default); | |
once a layout is chosen, panes within it may be moved and resized as normal. | |
The following layouts are supported: | |
even-horizontal | |
Panes are spread out evenly from left to right across the window. | |
even-vertical | |
Panes are spread evenly from top to bottom. | |
main-horizontal | |
A large (main) pane is shown at the top of the window and the remaining panes are spread | |
from left to right in the leftover space at the bottom. Use the main-pane-height window | |
option to specify the height of the top pane. | |
main-vertical | |
Similar to main-horizontal but the large pane is placed on the left and the others spread | |
from top to bottom along the right. See the main-pane-width window option. | |
tiled Panes are spread out as evenly as possible over the window in both rows and columns. | |
In addition, select-layout may be used to apply a previously used layout - the list-windows com‐ | |
mand displays the layout of each window in a form suitable for use with select-layout. For exam‐ | |
ple: | |
$ tmux list-windows | |
0: ksh [159x48] | |
layout: bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0} | |
$ tmux select-layout bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0} | |
tmux automatically adjusts the size of the layout for the current window size. Note that a layout | |
cannot be applied to a window with more panes than that from which the layout was originally de‐ | |
fined. | |
Commands related to windows and panes are as follows: | |
break-pane [-abdP] [-F format] [-n window-name] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-window] | |
(alias: breakp) | |
Break src-pane off from its containing window to make it the only pane in dst-window. | |
With -a or -b, the window is moved to the next index after or before (existing windows are | |
moved if necessary). If -d is given, the new window does not become the current window. | |
The -P option prints information about the new window after it has been created. By de‐ | |
fault, it uses the format ‘#{session_name}:#{window_index}.#{pane_index}’ but a different | |
format may be specified with -F. | |
capture-pane [-aAepPqCJN] [-b buffer-name] [-E end-line] [-S start-line] [-t target-pane] | |
(alias: capturep) | |
Capture the contents of a pane. If -p is given, the output goes to stdout, otherwise to | |
the buffer specified with -b or a new buffer if omitted. If -a is given, the alternate | |
screen is used, and the history is not accessible. If no alternate screen exists, an er‐ | |
ror will be returned unless -q is given. If -e is given, the output includes escape se‐ | |
quences for text and background attributes. -C also escapes non-printable characters as | |
octal \xxx. -T ignores trailing positions that do not contain a character. -N preserves | |
trailing spaces at each line's end and -J preserves trailing spaces and joins any wrapped | |
lines; -J implies -T. -P captures only any output that the pane has received that is the | |
beginning of an as-yet incomplete escape sequence. | |
-S and -E specify the starting and ending line numbers, zero is the first line of the vis‐ | |
ible pane and negative numbers are lines in the history. ‘-’ to -S is the start of the | |
history and to -E the end of the visible pane. The default is to capture only the visible | |
contents of the pane. | |
choose-client [-NrZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] [-O sort-order] [-t target-pane] | |
[template] | |
Put a pane into client mode, allowing a client to be selected interactively from a list. | |
Each client is shown on one line. A shortcut key is shown on the left in brackets allow‐ | |
ing for immediate choice, or the list may be navigated and an item chosen or otherwise ma‐ | |
nipulated using the keys below. -Z zooms the pane. The following keys may be used in | |
client mode: | |
Key Function | |
Enter Choose selected client | |
Up Select previous client | |
Down Select next client | |
C-s Search by name | |
n Repeat last search | |
t Toggle if client is tagged | |
T Tag no clients | |
C-t Tag all clients | |
d Detach selected client | |
D Detach tagged clients | |
x Detach and HUP selected client | |
X Detach and HUP tagged clients | |
z Suspend selected client | |
Z Suspend tagged clients | |
f Enter a format to filter items | |
O Change sort field | |
r Reverse sort order | |
v Toggle preview | |
q Exit mode | |
After a client is chosen, ‘%%’ is replaced by the client name in template and the result | |
executed as a command. If template is not given, "detach-client -t '%%'" is used. | |
-O specifies the initial sort field: one of ‘name’, ‘size’, ‘creation’ (time), or | |
‘activity’ (time). -r reverses the sort order. -f specifies an initial filter: the fil‐ | |
ter is a format - if it evaluates to zero, the item in the list is not shown, otherwise it | |
is shown. If a filter would lead to an empty list, it is ignored. -F specifies the for‐ | |
mat for each item in the list and -K a format for each shortcut key; both are evaluated | |
once for each line. -N starts without the preview. This command works only if at least | |
one client is attached. | |
choose-tree [-GNrswZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] [-O sort-order] [-t target-pane] | |
[template] | |
Put a pane into tree mode, where a session, window or pane may be chosen interactively | |
from a tree. Each session, window or pane is shown on one line. A shortcut key is shown | |
on the left in brackets allowing for immediate choice, or the tree may be navigated and an | |
item chosen or otherwise manipulated using the keys below. -s starts with sessions col‐ | |
lapsed and -w with windows collapsed. -Z zooms the pane. The following keys may be used | |
in tree mode: | |
Key Function | |
Enter Choose selected item | |
Up Select previous item | |
Down Select next item | |
+ Expand selected item | |
- Collapse selected item | |
M-+ Expand all items | |
M-- Collapse all items | |
x Kill selected item | |
X Kill tagged items | |
< Scroll list of previews left | |
> Scroll list of previews right | |
C-s Search by name | |
m Set the marked pane | |
M Clear the marked pane | |
n Repeat last search | |
t Toggle if item is tagged | |
T Tag no items | |
C-t Tag all items | |
: Run a command for each tagged item | |
f Enter a format to filter items | |
H Jump to the starting pane | |
O Change sort field | |
r Reverse sort order | |
v Toggle preview | |
q Exit mode | |
After a session, window or pane is chosen, the first instance of ‘%%’ and all instances of | |
‘%1’ are replaced by the target in template and the result executed as a command. If | |
template is not given, "switch-client -t '%%'" is used. | |
-O specifies the initial sort field: one of ‘index’, ‘name’, or ‘time’ (activity). -r re‐ | |
verses the sort order. -f specifies an initial filter: the filter is a format - if it | |
evaluates to zero, the item in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown. If a filter | |
would lead to an empty list, it is ignored. -F specifies the format for each item in the | |
tree and -K a format for each shortcut key; both are evaluated once for each line. -N | |
starts without the preview. -G includes all sessions in any session groups in the tree | |
rather than only the first. This command works only if at least one client is attached. | |
customize-mode [-NZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-t target-pane] [template] | |
Put a pane into customize mode, where options and key bindings may be browsed and modified | |
from a list. Option values in the list are shown for the active pane in the current win‐ | |
dow. -Z zooms the pane. The following keys may be used in customize mode: | |
Key Function | |
Enter Set pane, window, session or global option value | |
Up Select previous item | |
Down Select next item | |
+ Expand selected item | |
- Collapse selected item | |
M-+ Expand all items | |
M-- Collapse all items | |
s Set option value or key attribute | |
S Set global option value | |
w Set window option value, if option is for pane and window | |
d Set an option or key to the default | |
D Set tagged options and tagged keys to the default | |
u Unset an option (set to default value if global) or unbind a key | |
U Unset tagged options and unbind tagged keys | |
C-s Search by name | |
n Repeat last search | |
t Toggle if item is tagged | |
T Tag no items | |
C-t Tag all items | |
f Enter a format to filter items | |
v Toggle option information | |
q Exit mode | |
-f specifies an initial filter: the filter is a format - if it evaluates to zero, the item | |
in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown. If a filter would lead to an empty list, | |
it is ignored. -F specifies the format for each item in the tree. -N starts without the | |
option information. This command works only if at least one client is attached. | |
display-panes [-bN] [-d duration] [-t target-client] [template] | |
(alias: displayp) | |
Display a visible indicator of each pane shown by target-client. See the | |
display-panes-colour and display-panes-active-colour session options. The indicator is | |
closed when a key is pressed (unless -N is given) or duration milliseconds have passed. | |
If -d is not given, display-panes-time is used. A duration of zero means the indicator | |
stays until a key is pressed. While the indicator is on screen, a pane may be chosen with | |
the ‘0’ to ‘9’ keys, which will cause template to be executed as a command with ‘%%’ sub‐ | |
stituted by the pane ID. The default template is "select-pane -t '%%'". With -b, other | |
commands are not blocked from running until the indicator is closed. | |
find-window [-iCNrTZ] [-t target-pane] match-string | |
(alias: findw) | |
Search for a fnmatch(3) pattern or, with -r, regular expression match-string in window | |
names, titles, and visible content (but not history). The flags control matching behav‐ | |
ior: -C matches only visible window contents, -N matches only the window name and -T | |
matches only the window title. -i makes the search ignore case. The default is -CNT. -Z | |
zooms the pane. | |
This command works only if at least one client is attached. | |
join-pane [-bdfhv] [-l size] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-pane] | |
(alias: joinp) | |
Like split-window, but instead of splitting dst-pane and creating a new pane, split it and | |
move src-pane into the space. This can be used to reverse break-pane. The -b option | |
causes src-pane to be joined to left of or above dst-pane. | |
If -s is omitted and a marked pane is present (see select-pane -m), the marked pane is | |
used rather than the current pane. | |
kill-pane [-a] [-t target-pane] | |
(alias: killp) | |
Destroy the given pane. If no panes remain in the containing window, it is also de‐ | |
stroyed. The -a option kills all but the pane given with -t. | |
kill-window [-a] [-t target-window] | |
(alias: killw) | |
Kill the current window or the window at target-window, removing it from any sessions to | |
which it is linked. The -a option kills all but the window given with -t. | |
last-pane [-deZ] [-t target-window] | |
(alias: lastp) | |
Select the last (previously selected) pane. -Z keeps the window zoomed if it was zoomed. | |
-e enables or -d disables input to the pane. | |
last-window [-t target-session] | |
(alias: last) | |
Select the last (previously selected) window. If no target-session is specified, select | |
the last window of the current session. | |
link-window [-abdk] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window] | |
(alias: linkw) | |
Link the window at src-window to the specified dst-window. If dst-window is specified and | |
no such window exists, the src-window is linked there. With -a or -b the window is moved | |
to the next index after or before dst-window (existing windows are moved if necessary). | |
If -k is given and dst-window exists, it is killed, otherwise an error is generated. If | |
-d is given, the newly linked window is not selected. | |
list-panes [-as] [-F format] [-f filter] [-t target] | |
(alias: lsp) | |
If -a is given, target is ignored and all panes on the server are listed. If -s is given, | |
target is a session (or the current session). If neither is given, target is a window (or | |
the current window). -F specifies the format of each line and -f a filter. Only panes | |
for which the filter is true are shown. See the FORMATS section. | |
list-windows [-a] [-F format] [-f filter] [-t target-session] | |
(alias: lsw) | |
If -a is given, list all windows on the server. Otherwise, list windows in the current | |
session or in target-session. -F specifies the format of each line and -f a filter. Only | |
windows for which the filter is true are shown. See the FORMATS section. | |
move-pane [-bdfhv] [-l size] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-pane] | |
(alias: movep) | |
Does the same as join-pane. | |
move-window [-abrdk] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window] | |
(alias: movew) | |
This is similar to link-window, except the window at src-window is moved to dst-window. | |
With -r, all windows in the session are renumbered in sequential order, respecting the | |
base-index option. | |
new-window [-abdkPS] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-F format] [-n window-name] [-t | |
target-window] [shell-command] | |
(alias: neww) | |
Create a new window. With -a or -b, the new window is inserted at the next index after or | |
before the specified target-window, moving windows up if necessary; otherwise | |
target-window is the new window location. | |
If -d is given, the session does not make the new window the current window. | |
target-window represents the window to be created; if the target already exists an error | |
is shown, unless the -k flag is used, in which case it is destroyed. If -S is given and a | |
window named window-name already exists, it is selected (unless -d is also given in which | |
case the command does nothing). | |
shell-command is the command to execute. If shell-command is not specified, the value of | |
the default-command option is used. -c specifies the working directory in which the new | |
window is created. | |
When the shell command completes, the window closes. See the remain-on-exit option to | |
change this behaviour. | |
-e takes the form ‘VARIABLE=value’ and sets an environment variable for the newly created | |
window; it may be specified multiple times. | |
The TERM environment variable must be set to ‘screen’ or ‘tmux’ for all programs running | |
inside tmux. New windows will automatically have ‘TERM=screen’ added to their environ‐ | |
ment, but care must be taken not to reset this in shell start-up files or by the -e op‐ | |
tion. | |
The -P option prints information about the new window after it has been created. By de‐ | |
fault, it uses the format ‘#{session_name}:#{window_index}’ but a different format may be | |
specified with -F. | |
next-layout [-t target-window] | |
(alias: nextl) | |
Move a window to the next layout and rearrange the panes to fit. | |
next-window [-a] [-t target-session] | |
(alias: next) | |
Move to the next window in the session. If -a is used, move to the next window with an | |
alert. | |
pipe-pane [-IOo] [-t target-pane] [shell-command] | |
(alias: pipep) | |
Pipe output sent by the program in target-pane to a shell command or vice versa. A pane | |
may only be connected to one command at a time, any existing pipe is closed before | |
shell-command is executed. The shell-command string may contain the special character se‐ | |
quences supported by the status-left option. If no shell-command is given, the current | |
pipe (if any) is closed. | |
-I and -O specify which of the shell-command output streams are connected to the pane: | |
with -I stdout is connected (so anything shell-command prints is written to the pane as if | |
it were typed); with -O stdin is connected (so any output in the pane is piped to | |
shell-command). Both may be used together and if neither are specified, -O is used. | |
The -o option only opens a new pipe if no previous pipe exists, allowing a pipe to be tog‐ | |
gled with a single key, for example: | |
bind-key C-p pipe-pane -o 'cat >>~/output.#I-#P' | |
previous-layout [-t target-window] | |
(alias: prevl) | |
Move to the previous layout in the session. | |
previous-window [-a] [-t target-session] | |
(alias: prev) | |
Move to the previous window in the session. With -a, move to the previous window with an | |
alert. | |
rename-window [-t target-window] new-name | |
(alias: renamew) | |
Rename the current window, or the window at target-window if specified, to new-name. | |
resize-pane [-DLMRTUZ] [-t target-pane] [-x width] [-y height] [adjustment] | |
(alias: resizep) | |
Resize a pane, up, down, left or right by adjustment with -U, -D, -L or -R, or to an abso‐ | |
lute size with -x or -y. The adjustment is given in lines or columns (the default is 1); | |
-x and -y may be a given as a number of lines or columns or followed by ‘%’ for a percent‐ | |
age of the window size (for example ‘-x 10%’). With -Z, the active pane is toggled be‐ | |
tween zoomed (occupying the whole of the window) and unzoomed (its normal position in the | |
layout). | |
-M begins mouse resizing (only valid if bound to a mouse key binding, see MOUSE SUPPORT). | |
-T trims all lines below the current cursor position and moves lines out of the history to | |
replace them. | |
resize-window [-aADLRU] [-t target-window] [-x width] [-y height] [adjustment] | |
(alias: resizew) | |
Resize a window, up, down, left or right by adjustment with -U, -D, -L or -R, or to an ab‐ | |
solute size with -x or -y. The adjustment is given in lines or cells (the default is 1). | |
-A sets the size of the largest session containing the window; -a the size of the small‐ | |
est. This command will automatically set window-size to manual in the window options. | |
respawn-pane [-k] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-t target-pane] [shell-command] | |
(alias: respawnp) | |
Reactivate a pane in which the command has exited (see the remain-on-exit window option). | |
If shell-command is not given, the command used when the pane was created or last | |
respawned is executed. The pane must be already inactive, unless -k is given, in which | |
case any existing command is killed. -c specifies a new working directory for the pane. | |
The -e option has the same meaning as for the new-window command. | |
respawn-window [-k] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-t target-window] [shell-command] | |
(alias: respawnw) | |
Reactivate a window in which the command has exited (see the remain-on-exit window op‐ | |
tion). If shell-command is not given, the command used when the window was created or | |
last respawned is executed. The window must be already inactive, unless -k is given, in | |
which case any existing command is killed. -c specifies a new working directory for the | |
window. The -e option has the same meaning as for the new-window command. | |
rotate-window [-DUZ] [-t target-window] | |
(alias: rotatew) | |
Rotate the positions of the panes within a window, either upward (numerically lower) with | |
-U or downward (numerically higher). -Z keeps the window zoomed if it was zoomed. | |
select-layout [-Enop] [-t target-pane] [layout-name] | |
(alias: selectl) | |
Choose a specific layout for a window. If layout-name is not given, the last preset lay‐ | |
out used (if any) is reapplied. -n and -p are equivalent to the next-layout and | |
previous-layout commands. -o applies the last set layout if possible (undoes the most re‐ | |
cent layout change). -E spreads the current pane and any panes next to it out evenly. | |
select-pane [-DdeLlMmRUZ] [-T title] [-t target-pane] | |
(alias: selectp) | |
Make pane target-pane the active pane in its window. If one of -D, -L, -R, or -U is used, | |
respectively the pane below, to the left, to the right, or above the target pane is used. | |
-Z keeps the window zoomed if it was zoomed. -l is the same as using the last-pane com‐ | |
mand. -e enables or -d disables input to the pane. -T sets the pane title. | |
-m and -M are used to set and clear the marked pane. There is one marked pane at a time, | |
setting a new marked pane clears the last. The marked pane is the default target for -s | |
to join-pane, move-pane, swap-pane and swap-window. | |
select-window [-lnpT] [-t target-window] | |
(alias: selectw) | |
Select the window at target-window. -l, -n and -p are equivalent to the last-window, | |
next-window and previous-window commands. If -T is given and the selected window is al‐ | |
ready the current window, the command behaves like last-window. | |
split-window [-bdfhIvPZ] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-l size] [-t target-pane] | |
[shell-command] [-F format] | |
(alias: splitw) | |
Create a new pane by splitting target-pane: -h does a horizontal split and -v a vertical | |
split; if neither is specified, -v is assumed. The -l option specifies the size of the | |
new pane in lines (for vertical split) or in columns (for horizontal split); size may be | |
followed by ‘%’ to specify a percentage of the available space. The -b option causes the | |
new pane to be created to the left of or above target-pane. The -f option creates a new | |
pane spanning the full window height (with -h) or full window width (with -v), instead of | |
splitting the active pane. -Z zooms if the window is not zoomed, or keeps it zoomed if | |
already zoomed. | |
An empty shell-command ('') will create a pane with no command running in it. Output can | |
be sent to such a pane with the display-message command. The -I flag (if shell-command is | |
not specified or empty) will create an empty pane and forward any output from stdin to it. | |
For example: | |
$ make 2>&1|tmux splitw -dI & | |
All other options have the same meaning as for the new-window command. | |
swap-pane [-dDUZ] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-pane] | |
(alias: swapp) | |
Swap two panes. If -U is used and no source pane is specified with -s, dst-pane is | |
swapped with the previous pane (before it numerically); -D swaps with the next pane (after | |
it numerically). -d instructs tmux not to change the active pane and -Z keeps the window | |
zoomed if it was zoomed. | |
If -s is omitted and a marked pane is present (see select-pane -m), the marked pane is | |
used rather than the current pane. | |
swap-window [-d] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window] | |
(alias: swapw) | |
This is similar to link-window, except the source and destination windows are swapped. It | |
is an error if no window exists at src-window. If -d is given, the new window does not | |
become the current window. | |
If -s is omitted and a marked pane is present (see select-pane -m), the window containing | |
the marked pane is used rather than the current window. | |
unlink-window [-k] [-t target-window] | |
(alias: unlinkw) | |
Unlink target-window. Unless -k is given, a window may be unlinked only if it is linked | |
to multiple sessions - windows may not be linked to no sessions; if -k is specified and | |
the window is linked to only one session, it is unlinked and destroyed. | |
KEY BINDINGS | |
tmux allows a command to be bound to most keys, with or without a prefix key. When specifying | |
keys, most represent themselves (for example ‘A’ to ‘Z’). Ctrl keys may be prefixed with ‘C-’ or | |
‘^’, Shift keys with ‘S-’ and Alt (meta) with ‘M-’. In addition, the following special key names | |
are accepted: Up, Down, Left, Right, BSpace, BTab, DC (Delete), End, Enter, Escape, F1 to F12, | |
Home, IC (Insert), NPage/PageDown/PgDn, PPage/PageUp/PgUp, Space, and Tab. Note that to bind the | |
‘"’ or ‘'’ keys, quotation marks are necessary, for example: | |
bind-key '"' split-window | |
bind-key "'" new-window | |
A command bound to the Any key will execute for all keys which do not have a more specific bind‐ | |
ing. | |
Commands related to key bindings are as follows: | |
bind-key [-nr] [-N note] [-T key-table] key command [arguments] | |
(alias: bind) | |
Bind key key to command. Keys are bound in a key table. By default (without -T), the key | |
is bound in the prefix key table. This table is used for keys pressed after the prefix | |
key (for example, by default ‘c’ is bound to new-window in the prefix table, so ‘C-b c’ | |
creates a new window). The root table is used for keys pressed without the prefix key: | |
binding ‘c’ to new-window in the root table (not recommended) means a plain ‘c’ will cre‐ | |
ate a new window. -n is an alias for -T root. Keys may also be bound in custom key ta‐ | |
bles and the switch-client -T command used to switch to them from a key binding. The -r | |
flag indicates this key may repeat, see the repeat-time option. -N attaches a note to the | |
key (shown with list-keys -N). | |
To view the default bindings and possible commands, see the list-keys command. | |
list-keys [-1aN] [-P prefix-string -T key-table] [key] | |
(alias: lsk) | |
List key bindings. There are two forms: the default lists keys as bind-key commands; -N | |
lists only keys with attached notes and shows only the key and note for each key. | |
With the default form, all key tables are listed by default. -T lists only keys in | |
key-table. | |
With the -N form, only keys in the root and prefix key tables are listed by default; -T | |
also lists only keys in key-table. -P specifies a prefix to print before each key and -1 | |
lists only the first matching key. -a lists the command for keys that do not have a note | |
rather than skipping them. | |
send-keys [-FHlMRX] [-N repeat-count] [-t target-pane] key ... | |
(alias: send) | |
Send a key or keys to a window. Each argument key is the name of the key (such as ‘C-a’ | |
or ‘NPage’) to send; if the string is not recognised as a key, it is sent as a series of | |
characters. All arguments are sent sequentially from first to last. If no keys are given | |
and the command is bound to a key, then that key is used. | |
The -l flag disables key name lookup and processes the keys as literal UTF-8 characters. | |
The -H flag expects each key to be a hexadecimal number for an ASCII character. | |
The -R flag causes the terminal state to be reset. | |
-M passes through a mouse event (only valid if bound to a mouse key binding, see MOUSE | |
SUPPORT). | |
-X is used to send a command into copy mode - see the WINDOWS AND PANES section. -N spec‐ | |
ifies a repeat count and -F expands formats in arguments where appropriate. | |
send-prefix [-2] [-t target-pane] | |
Send the prefix key, or with -2 the secondary prefix key, to a window as if it was | |
pressed. | |
unbind-key [-anq] [-T key-table] key | |
(alias: unbind) | |
Unbind the command bound to key. -n and -T are the same as for bind-key. If -a is | |
present, all key bindings are removed. The -q option prevents errors being returned. | |
OPTIONS | |
The appearance and behaviour of tmux may be modified by changing the value of various options. | |
There are four types of option: server options, session options, window options, and pane options. | |
The tmux server has a set of global server options which do not apply to any particular window or | |
session or pane. These are altered with the set-option -s command, or displayed with the | |
show-options -s command. | |
In addition, each individual session may have a set of session options, and there is a separate | |
set of global session options. Sessions which do not have a particular option configured inherit | |
the value from the global session options. Session options are set or unset with the set-option | |
command and may be listed with the show-options command. The available server and session options | |
are listed under the set-option command. | |
Similarly, a set of window options is attached to each window and a set of pane options to each | |
pane. Pane options inherit from window options. This means any pane option may be set as a win‐ | |
dow option to apply the option to all panes in the window without the option set, for example | |
these commands will set the background colour to red for all panes except pane 0: | |
set -w window-style bg=red | |
set -pt:.0 window-style bg=blue | |
There is also a set of global window options from which any unset window or pane options are in‐ | |
herited. Window and pane options are altered with set-option -w and -p commands and displayed | |
with show-option -w and -p. | |
tmux also supports user options which are prefixed with a ‘@’. User options may have any name, so | |
long as they are prefixed with ‘@’, and be set to any string. For example: | |
$ tmux set -wq @foo "abc123" | |
$ tmux show -wv @foo | |
abc123 | |
Commands which set options are as follows: | |
set-option [-aFgopqsuUw] [-t target-pane] option value | |
(alias: set) | |
Set a pane option with -p, a window option with -w, a server option with -s, otherwise a | |
session option. If the option is not a user option, -w or -s may be unnecessary - tmux | |
will infer the type from the option name, assuming -w for pane options. If -g is given, | |
the global session or window option is set. | |
-F expands formats in the option value. The -u flag unsets an option, so a session inher‐ | |
its the option from the global options (or with -g, restores a global option to the de‐ | |
fault). -U unsets an option (like -u) but if the option is a pane option also unsets the | |
option on any panes in the window. value depends on the option and may be a number, a | |
string, or a flag (on, off, or omitted to toggle). | |
The -o flag prevents setting an option that is already set and the -q flag suppresses er‐ | |
rors about unknown or ambiguous options. | |
With -a, and if the option expects a string or a style, value is appended to the existing | |
setting. For example: | |
set -g status-left "foo" | |
set -ag status-left "bar" | |
Will result in ‘foobar’. And: | |
set -g status-style "bg=red" | |
set -ag status-style "fg=blue" | |
Will result in a red background and blue foreground. Without -a, the result would be the | |
default background and a blue foreground. | |
show-options [-AgHpqsvw] [-t target-pane] [option] | |
(alias: show) | |
Show the pane options (or a single option if option is provided) with -p, the window op‐ | |
tions with -w, the server options with -s, otherwise the session options. If the option | |
is not a user option, -w or -s may be unnecessary - tmux will infer the type from the op‐ | |
tion name, assuming -w for pane options. Global session or window options are listed if | |
-g is used. -v shows only the option value, not the name. If -q is set, no error will be | |
returned if option is unset. -H includes hooks (omitted by default). -A includes options | |
inherited from a parent set of options, such options are marked with an asterisk. | |
Available server options are: | |
backspace key | |
Set the key sent by tmux for backspace. | |
buffer-limit number | |
Set the number of buffers; as new buffers are added to the top of the stack, old ones are | |
removed from the bottom if necessary to maintain this maximum length. | |
command-alias[] name=value | |
This is an array of custom aliases for commands. If an unknown command matches name, it | |
is replaced with value. For example, after: | |
set -s command-alias[100] zoom='resize-pane -Z' | |
Using: | |
zoom -t:.1 | |
Is equivalent to: | |
resize-pane -Z -t:.1 | |
Note that aliases are expanded when a command is parsed rather than when it is executed, | |
so binding an alias with bind-key will bind the expanded form. | |
default-terminal terminal | |
Set the default terminal for new windows created in this session - the default value of | |
the TERM environment variable. For tmux to work correctly, this must be set to ‘screen’, | |
‘tmux’ or a derivative of them. | |
copy-command shell-command | |
Give the command to pipe to if the copy-pipe copy mode command is used without arguments. | |
escape-time time | |
Set the time in milliseconds for which tmux waits after an escape is input to determine if | |
it is part of a function or meta key sequences. The default is 500 milliseconds. | |
editor shell-command | |
Set the command used when tmux runs an editor. | |
exit-empty [on | off] | |
If enabled (the default), the server will exit when there are no active sessions. | |
exit-unattached [on | off] | |
If enabled, the server will exit when there are no attached clients. | |
extended-keys [on | off | always] | |
When on or always, the escape sequence to enable extended keys is sent to the terminal, if | |
tmux knows that it is supported. tmux always recognises extended keys itself. If this | |
option is on, tmux will only forward extended keys to applications when they request them; | |
if always, tmux will always forward the keys. | |
focus-events [on | off] | |
When enabled, focus events are requested from the terminal if supported and passed through | |
to applications running in tmux. Attached clients should be detached and attached again | |
after changing this option. | |
history-file path | |
If not empty, a file to which tmux will write command prompt history on exit and load it | |
from on start. | |
message-limit number | |
Set the number of error or information messages to save in the message log for each | |
client. | |
prompt-history-limit number | |
Set the number of history items to save in the history file for each type of command | |
prompt. | |
set-clipboard [on | external | off] | |
Attempt to set the terminal clipboard content using the xterm(1) escape sequence, if there | |
is an Ms entry in the terminfo(5) description (see the TERMINFO EXTENSIONS section). | |
If set to on, tmux will both accept the escape sequence to create a buffer and attempt to | |
set the terminal clipboard. If set to external, tmux will attempt to set the terminal | |
clipboard but ignore attempts by applications to set tmux buffers. If off, tmux will nei‐ | |
ther accept the clipboard escape sequence nor attempt to set the clipboard. | |
Note that this feature needs to be enabled in xterm(1) by setting the resource: | |
disallowedWindowOps: 20,21,SetXprop | |
Or changing this property from the xterm(1) interactive menu when required. | |
terminal-features[] string | |
Set terminal features for terminal types read from terminfo(5). tmux has a set of named | |
terminal features. Each will apply appropriate changes to the terminfo(5) entry in use. | |
tmux can detect features for a few common terminals; this option can be used to easily | |
tell tmux about features supported by terminals it cannot detect. The terminal-overrides | |
option allows individual terminfo(5) capabilities to be set instead, terminal-features is | |
intended for classes of functionality supported in a standard way but not reported by | |
terminfo(5). Care must be taken to configure this only with features the terminal actu‐ | |
ally supports. | |
This is an array option where each entry is a colon-separated string made up of a terminal | |
type pattern (matched using fnmatch(3)) followed by a list of terminal features. The | |
available features are: | |
256 Supports 256 colours with the SGR escape sequences. | |
clipboard | |
Allows setting the system clipboard. | |
ccolour | |
Allows setting the cursor colour. | |
cstyle Allows setting the cursor style. | |
extkeys | |
Supports extended keys. | |
focus Supports focus reporting. | |
hyperlinks | |
Supports OSC 8 hyperlinks. | |
ignorefkeys | |
Ignore function keys from terminfo(5) and use the tmux internal set only. | |
margins | |
Supports DECSLRM margins. | |
mouse Supports xterm(1) mouse sequences. | |
osc7 Supports the OSC 7 working directory extension. | |
overline | |
Supports the overline SGR attribute. | |
rectfill | |
Supports the DECFRA rectangle fill escape sequence. | |
RGB Supports RGB colour with the SGR escape sequences. | |
strikethrough | |
Supports the strikethrough SGR escape sequence. | |
sync Supports synchronized updates. | |
title Supports xterm(1) title setting. | |
usstyle | |
Allows underscore style and colour to be set. | |
terminal-overrides[] string | |
Allow terminal descriptions read using terminfo(5) to be overridden. Each entry is a | |
colon-separated string made up of a terminal type pattern (matched using fnmatch(3)) and a | |
set of name=value entries. | |
For example, to set the ‘clear’ terminfo(5) entry to ‘\e[H\e[2J’ for all terminal types | |
matching ‘rxvt*’: | |
rxvt*:clear=\e[H\e[2J | |
The terminal entry value is passed through strunvis(3) before interpretation. | |
user-keys[] key | |
Set list of user-defined key escape sequences. Each item is associated with a key named | |
‘User0’, ‘User1’, and so on. | |
For example: | |
set -s user-keys[0] "\e[5;30012~" | |
bind User0 resize-pane -L 3 | |
Available session options are: | |
activity-action [any | none | current | other] | |
Set action on window activity when monitor-activity is on. any means activity in any win‐ | |
dow linked to a session causes a bell or message (depending on visual-activity) in the | |
current window of that session, none means all activity is ignored (equivalent to | |
monitor-activity being off), current means only activity in windows other than the current | |
window are ignored and other means activity in the current window is ignored but not those | |
in other windows. | |
assume-paste-time milliseconds | |
If keys are entered faster than one in milliseconds, they are assumed to have been pasted | |
rather than typed and tmux key bindings are not processed. The default is one millisecond | |
and zero disables. | |
base-index index | |
Set the base index from which an unused index should be searched when a new window is cre‐ | |
ated. The default is zero. | |
bell-action [any | none | current | other] | |
Set action on a bell in a window when monitor-bell is on. The values are the same as | |
those for activity-action. | |
default-command shell-command | |
Set the command used for new windows (if not specified when the window is created) to | |
shell-command, which may be any sh(1) command. The default is an empty string, which in‐ | |
structs tmux to create a login shell using the value of the default-shell option. | |
default-shell path | |
Specify the default shell. This is used as the login shell for new windows when the | |
default-command option is set to empty, and must be the full path of the executable. When | |
started tmux tries to set a default value from the first suitable of the SHELL environment | |
variable, the shell returned by getpwuid(3), or /bin/sh. This option should be configured | |
when tmux is used as a login shell. | |
default-size XxY | |
Set the default size of new windows when the window-size option is set to manual or when a | |
session is created with new-session -d. The value is the width and height separated by an | |
‘x’ character. The default is 80x24. | |
destroy-unattached [on | off] | |
If enabled and the session is no longer attached to any clients, it is destroyed. | |
detach-on-destroy [off | on | no-detached] | |
If on (the default), the client is detached when the session it is attached to is de‐ | |
stroyed. If off, the client is switched to the most recently active of the remaining ses‐ | |
sions. If no-detached, the client is detached only if there are no detached sessions; if | |
detached sessions exist, the client is switched to the most recently active. | |
display-panes-active-colour colour | |
Set the colour used by the display-panes command to show the indicator for the active | |
pane. | |
display-panes-colour colour | |
Set the colour used by the display-panes command to show the indicators for inactive | |
panes. | |
display-panes-time time | |
Set the time in milliseconds for which the indicators shown by the display-panes command | |
appear. | |
display-time time | |
Set the amount of time for which status line messages and other on-screen indicators are | |
displayed. If set to 0, messages and indicators are displayed until a key is pressed. | |
time is in milliseconds. | |
history-limit lines | |
Set the maximum number of lines held in window history. This setting applies only to new | |
windows - existing window histories are not resized and retain the limit at the point they | |
were created. | |
key-table key-table | |
Set the default key table to key-table instead of root. | |
lock-after-time number | |
Lock the session (like the lock-session command) after number seconds of inactivity. The | |
default is not to lock (set to 0). | |
lock-command shell-command | |
Command to run when locking each client. The default is to run lock(1) with -np. | |
message-command-style style | |
Set status line message command style. This is used for the command prompt with vi(1) | |
keys when in command mode. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section. | |
message-line [0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4] | |
Set line on which status line messages and the command prompt are shown. | |
message-style style | |
Set status line message style. This is used for messages and for the command prompt. For | |
how to specify style, see the STYLES section. | |
mouse [on | off] | |
If on, tmux captures the mouse and allows mouse events to be bound as key bindings. See | |
the MOUSE SUPPORT section for details. | |
prefix key | |
Set the key accepted as a prefix key. In addition to the standard keys described under | |
KEY BINDINGS, prefix can be set to the special key ‘None’ to set no prefix. | |
prefix2 key | |
Set a secondary key accepted as a prefix key. Like prefix, prefix2 can be set to ‘None’. | |
renumber-windows [on | off] | |
If on, when a window is closed in a session, automatically renumber the other windows in | |
numerical order. This respects the base-index option if it has been set. If off, do not | |
renumber the windows. | |
repeat-time time | |
Allow multiple commands to be entered without pressing the prefix-key again in the speci‐ | |
fied time milliseconds (the default is 500). Whether a key repeats may be set when it is | |
bound using the -r flag to bind-key. Repeat is enabled for the default keys bound to the | |
resize-pane command. | |
set-titles [on | off] | |
Attempt to set the client terminal title using the tsl and fsl terminfo(5) entries if they | |
exist. tmux automatically sets these to the \e]0;...\007 sequence if the terminal appears | |
to be xterm(1). This option is off by default. | |
set-titles-string string | |
String used to set the client terminal title if set-titles is on. Formats are expanded, | |
see the FORMATS section. | |
silence-action [any | none | current | other] | |
Set action on window silence when monitor-silence is on. The values are the same as those | |
for activity-action. | |
status [off | on | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5] | |
Show or hide the status line or specify its size. Using on gives a status line one row in | |
height; 2, 3, 4 or 5 more rows. | |
status-format[] format | |
Specify the format to be used for each line of the status line. The default builds the | |
top status line from the various individual status options below. | |
status-interval interval | |
Update the status line every interval seconds. By default, updates will occur every 15 | |
seconds. A setting of zero disables redrawing at interval. | |
status-justify [left | centre | right | absolute-centre] | |
Set the position of the window list in the status line: left, centre or right. centre | |
puts the window list in the relative centre of the available free space; absolute-centre | |
uses the centre of the entire horizontal space. | |
status-keys [vi | emacs] | |
Use vi or emacs-style key bindings in the status line, for example at the command prompt. | |
The default is emacs, unless the VISUAL or EDITOR environment variables are set and con‐ | |
tain the string ‘vi’. | |
status-left string | |
Display string (by default the session name) to the left of the status line. string will | |
be passed through strftime(3). Also see the FORMATS and STYLES sections. | |
For details on how the names and titles can be set see the NAMES AND TITLES section. | |
Examples are: | |
#(sysctl vm.loadavg) | |
#[fg=yellow,bold]#(apm -l)%%#[default] [#S] | |
The default is ‘[#S] ’. | |
status-left-length length | |
Set the maximum length of the left component of the status line. The default is 10. | |
status-left-style style | |
Set the style of the left part of the status line. For how to specify style, see the | |
STYLES section. | |
status-position [top | bottom] | |
Set the position of the status line. | |
status-right string | |
Display string to the right of the status line. By default, the current pane title in | |
double quotes, the date and the time are shown. As with status-left, string will be | |
passed to strftime(3) and character pairs are replaced. | |
status-right-length length | |
Set the maximum length of the right component of the status line. The default is 40. | |
status-right-style style | |
Set the style of the right part of the status line. For how to specify style, see the | |
STYLES section. | |
status-style style | |
Set status line style. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section. | |
update-environment[] variable | |
Set list of environment variables to be copied into the session environment when a new | |
session is created or an existing session is attached. Any variables that do not exist in | |
the source environment are set to be removed from the session environment (as if -r was | |
given to the set-environment command). | |
visual-activity [on | off | both] | |
If on, display a message instead of sending a bell when activity occurs in a window for | |
which the monitor-activity window option is enabled. If set to both, a bell and a message | |
are produced. | |
visual-bell [on | off | both] | |
If on, a message is shown on a bell in a window for which the monitor-bell window option | |
is enabled instead of it being passed through to the terminal (which normally makes a | |
sound). If set to both, a bell and a message are produced. Also see the bell-action op‐ | |
tion. | |
visual-silence [on | off | both] | |
If monitor-silence is enabled, prints a message after the interval has expired on a given | |
window instead of sending a bell. If set to both, a bell and a message are produced. | |
word-separators string | |
Sets the session's conception of what characters are considered word separators, for the | |
purposes of the next and previous word commands in copy mode. | |
Available window options are: | |
aggressive-resize [on | off] | |
Aggressively resize the chosen window. This means that tmux will resize the window to the | |
size of the smallest or largest session (see the window-size option) for which it is the | |
current window, rather than the session to which it is attached. The window may resize | |
when the current window is changed on another session; this option is good for full-screen | |
programs which support SIGWINCH and poor for interactive programs such as shells. | |
automatic-rename [on | off] | |
Control automatic window renaming. When this setting is enabled, tmux will rename the | |
window automatically using the format specified by automatic-rename-format. This flag is | |
automatically disabled for an individual window when a name is specified at creation with | |
new-window or new-session, or later with rename-window, or with a terminal escape se‐ | |
quence. It may be switched off globally with: | |
set-option -wg automatic-rename off | |
automatic-rename-format format | |
The format (see FORMATS) used when the automatic-rename option is enabled. | |
clock-mode-colour colour | |
Set clock colour. | |
clock-mode-style [12 | 24] | |
Set clock hour format. | |
fill-character character | |
Set the character used to fill areas of the terminal unused by a window. | |
main-pane-height height | |
main-pane-width width | |
Set the width or height of the main (left or top) pane in the main-horizontal or | |
main-vertical layouts. If suffixed by ‘%’, this is a percentage of the window size. | |
copy-mode-match-style style | |
Set the style of search matches in copy mode. For how to specify style, see the STYLES | |
section. | |
copy-mode-mark-style style | |
Set the style of the line containing the mark in copy mode. For how to specify style, see | |
the STYLES section. | |
copy-mode-current-match-style style | |
Set the style of the current search match in copy mode. For how to specify style, see the | |
STYLES section. | |
mode-keys [vi | emacs] | |
Use vi or emacs-style key bindings in copy mode. The default is emacs, unless VISUAL or | |
EDITOR contains ‘vi’. | |
mode-style style | |
Set window modes style. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section. | |
monitor-activity [on | off] | |
Monitor for activity in the window. Windows with activity are highlighted in the status | |
line. | |
monitor-bell [on | off] | |
Monitor for a bell in the window. Windows with a bell are highlighted in the status line. | |
monitor-silence [interval] | |
Monitor for silence (no activity) in the window within interval seconds. Windows that | |
have been silent for the interval are highlighted in the status line. An interval of zero | |
disables the monitoring. | |
other-pane-height height | |
Set the height of the other panes (not the main pane) in the main-horizontal layout. If | |
this option is set to 0 (the default), it will have no effect. If both the | |
main-pane-height and other-pane-height options are set, the main pane will grow taller to | |
make the other panes the specified height, but will never shrink to do so. If suffixed by | |
‘%’, this is a percentage of the window size. | |
other-pane-width width | |
Like other-pane-height, but set the width of other panes in the main-vertical layout. | |
pane-active-border-style style | |
Set the pane border style for the currently active pane. For how to specify style, see | |
the STYLES section. Attributes are ignored. | |
pane-base-index index | |
Like base-index, but set the starting index for pane numbers. | |
pane-border-format format | |
Set the text shown in pane border status lines. | |
pane-border-indicators [off | colour | arrows | both] | |
Indicate active pane by colouring only half of the border in windows with exactly two | |
panes, by displaying arrow markers, by drawing both or neither. | |
pane-border-lines type | |
Set the type of characters used for drawing pane borders. type may be one of: | |
single single lines using ACS or UTF-8 characters | |
double double lines using UTF-8 characters | |
heavy heavy lines using UTF-8 characters | |
simple simple ASCII characters | |
number the pane number | |
‘double’ and ‘heavy’ will fall back to standard ACS line drawing when UTF-8 is not sup‐ | |
ported. | |
pane-border-status [off | top | bottom] | |
Turn pane border status lines off or set their position. | |
pane-border-style style | |
Set the pane border style for panes aside from the active pane. For how to specify style, | |
see the STYLES section. Attributes are ignored. | |
popup-style style | |
Set the popup style. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section. Attributes are | |
ignored. | |
popup-border-style style | |
Set the popup border style. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section. Attributes | |
are ignored. | |
popup-border-lines type | |
Set the type of characters used for drawing popup borders. type may be one of: | |
single single lines using ACS or UTF-8 characters (default) | |
rounded | |
variation of single with rounded corners using UTF-8 characters | |
double double lines using UTF-8 characters | |
heavy heavy lines using UTF-8 characters | |
simple simple ASCII characters | |
padded simple ASCII space character | |
none no border | |
‘double’ and ‘heavy’ will fall back to standard ACS line drawing when UTF-8 is not sup‐ | |
ported. | |
window-status-activity-style style | |
Set status line style for windows with an activity alert. For how to specify style, see | |
the STYLES section. | |
window-status-bell-style style | |
Set status line style for windows with a bell alert. For how to specify style, see the | |
STYLES section. | |
window-status-current-format string | |
Like window-status-format, but is the format used when the window is the current window. | |
window-status-current-style style | |
Set status line style for the currently active window. For how to specify style, see the | |
STYLES section. | |
window-status-format string | |
Set the format in which the window is displayed in the status line window list. See the | |
FORMATS and STYLES sections. | |
window-status-last-style style | |
Set status line style for the last active window. For how to specify style, see the | |
STYLES section. | |
window-status-separator string | |
Sets the separator drawn between windows in the status line. The default is a single | |
space character. | |
window-status-style style | |
Set status line style for a single window. For how to specify style, see the STYLES sec‐ | |
tion. | |
window-size largest | smallest | manual | latest | |
Configure how tmux determines the window size. If set to largest, the size of the largest | |
attached session is used; if smallest, the size of the smallest. If manual, the size of a | |
new window is set from the default-size option and windows are resized automatically. | |
With latest, tmux uses the size of the client that had the most recent activity. See also | |
the resize-window command and the aggressive-resize option. | |
wrap-search [on | off] | |
If this option is set, searches will wrap around the end of the pane contents. The de‐ | |
fault is on. | |
Available pane options are: | |
allow-passthrough [on | off | all] | |
Allow programs in the pane to bypass tmux using a terminal escape sequence (\ePt‐ | |
mux;...\e\\). If set to on, passthrough sequences will be allowed only if the pane is | |
visible. If set to all, they will be allowed even if the pane is invisible. | |
allow-rename [on | off] | |
Allow programs in the pane to change the window name using a terminal escape sequence | |
(\ek...\e\\). | |
alternate-screen [on | off] | |
This option configures whether programs running inside the pane may use the terminal al‐ | |
ternate screen feature, which allows the smcup and rmcup terminfo(5) capabilities. The | |
alternate screen feature preserves the contents of the window when an interactive applica‐ | |
tion starts and restores it on exit, so that any output visible before the application | |
starts reappears unchanged after it exits. | |
cursor-colour colour | |
Set the colour of the cursor. | |
pane-colours[] colour | |
The default colour palette. Each entry in the array defines the colour tmux uses when the | |
colour with that index is requested. The index may be from zero to 255. | |
cursor-style style | |
Set the style of the cursor. Available styles are: default, blinking-block, block, | |
blinking-underline, underline, blinking-bar, bar. | |
remain-on-exit [on | off | failed] | |
A pane with this flag set is not destroyed when the program running in it exits. If set | |
to failed, then only when the program exit status is not zero. The pane may be reacti‐ | |
vated with the respawn-pane command. | |
remain-on-exit-format string | |
Set the text shown at the bottom of exited panes when remain-on-exit is enabled. | |
scroll-on-clear [on | off] | |
When the entire screen is cleared and this option is on, scroll the contents of the screen | |
into history before clearing it. | |
synchronize-panes [on | off] | |
Duplicate input to all other panes in the same window where this option is also on (only | |
for panes that are not in any mode). | |
window-active-style style | |
Set the pane style when it is the active pane. For how to specify style, see the STYLES | |
section. | |
window-style style | |
Set the pane style. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section. | |
HOOKS | |
tmux allows commands to run on various triggers, called hooks. Most tmux commands have an after | |
hook and there are a number of hooks not associated with commands. | |
Hooks are stored as array options, members of the array are executed in order when the hook is | |
triggered. Like options different hooks may be global or belong to a session, window or pane. | |
Hooks may be configured with the set-hook or set-option commands and displayed with show-hooks or | |
show-options -H. The following two commands are equivalent: | |
set-hook -g pane-mode-changed[42] 'set -g status-left-style bg=red' | |
set-option -g pane-mode-changed[42] 'set -g status-left-style bg=red' | |
Setting a hook without specifying an array index clears the hook and sets the first member of the | |
array. | |
A command's after hook is run after it completes, except when the command is run as part of a hook | |
itself. They are named with an ‘after-’ prefix. For example, the following command adds a hook | |
to select the even-vertical layout after every split-window: | |
set-hook -g after-split-window "selectl even-vertical" | |
All the notifications listed in the CONTROL MODE section are hooks (without any arguments), except | |
%exit. The following additional hooks are available: | |
alert-activity Run when a window has activity. See monitor-activity. | |
alert-bell Run when a window has received a bell. See monitor-bell. | |
alert-silence Run when a window has been silent. See monitor-silence. | |
client-active Run when a client becomes the latest active client of its session. | |
client-attached Run when a client is attached. | |
client-detached Run when a client is detached | |
client-focus-in Run when focus enters a client | |
client-focus-out Run when focus exits a client | |
client-resized Run when a client is resized. | |
client-session-changed Run when a client's attached session is changed. | |
pane-died Run when the program running in a pane exits, but remain-on-exit is on so | |
the pane has not closed. | |
pane-exited Run when the program running in a pane exits. | |
pane-focus-in Run when the focus enters a pane, if the focus-events option is on. | |
pane-focus-out Run when the focus exits a pane, if the focus-events option is on. | |
pane-set-clipboard Run when the terminal clipboard is set using the xterm(1) escape sequence. | |
session-created Run when a new session created. | |
session-closed Run when a session closed. | |
session-renamed Run when a session is renamed. | |
window-linked Run when a window is linked into a session. | |
window-renamed Run when a window is renamed. | |
window-resized Run when a window is resized. This may be after the client-resized hook | |
is run. | |
window-unlinked Run when a window is unlinked from a session. | |
Hooks are managed with these commands: | |
set-hook [-agpRuw] [-t target-pane] hook-name command | |
Without -R, sets (or with -u unsets) hook hook-name to command. The flags are the same as | |
for set-option. | |
With -R, run hook-name immediately. | |
show-hooks [-gpw] [-t target-pane] | |
Shows hooks. The flags are the same as for show-options. | |
MOUSE SUPPORT | |
If the mouse option is on (the default is off), tmux allows mouse events to be bound as keys. The | |
name of each key is made up of a mouse event (such as ‘MouseUp1’) and a location suffix, one of | |
the following: | |
Pane the contents of a pane | |
Border a pane border | |
Status the status line window list | |
StatusLeft the left part of the status line | |
StatusRight the right part of the status line | |
StatusDefault any other part of the status line | |
The following mouse events are available: | |
WheelUp WheelDown | |
MouseDown1 MouseUp1 MouseDrag1 MouseDragEnd1 | |
MouseDown2 MouseUp2 MouseDrag2 MouseDragEnd2 | |
MouseDown3 MouseUp3 MouseDrag3 MouseDragEnd3 | |
SecondClick1 SecondClick2 SecondClick3 | |
DoubleClick1 DoubleClick2 DoubleClick3 | |
TripleClick1 TripleClick2 TripleClick3 | |
The ‘SecondClick’ events are fired for the second click of a double click, even if there may be a | |
third click which will fire ‘TripleClick’ instead of ‘DoubleClick’. | |
Each should be suffixed with a location, for example ‘MouseDown1Status’. | |
The special token ‘{mouse}’ or ‘=’ may be used as target-window or target-pane in commands bound | |
to mouse key bindings. It resolves to the window or pane over which the mouse event took place | |
(for example, the window in the status line over which button 1 was released for a | |
‘MouseUp1Status’ binding, or the pane over which the wheel was scrolled for a ‘WheelDownPane’ | |
binding). | |
The send-keys -M flag may be used to forward a mouse event to a pane. | |
The default key bindings allow the mouse to be used to select and resize panes, to copy text and | |
to change window using the status line. These take effect if the mouse option is turned on. | |
FORMATS | |
Certain commands accept the -F flag with a format argument. This is a string which controls the | |
output format of the command. Format variables are enclosed in ‘#{’ and ‘}’, for example | |
‘#{session_name}’. The possible variables are listed in the table below, or the name of a tmux | |
option may be used for an option's value. Some variables have a shorter alias such as ‘#S’; ‘##’ | |
is replaced by a single ‘#’, ‘#,’ by a ‘,’ and ‘#}’ by a ‘}’. | |
Conditionals are available by prefixing with ‘?’ and separating two alternatives with a comma; if | |
the specified variable exists and is not zero, the first alternative is chosen, otherwise the sec‐ | |
ond is used. For example ‘#{?session_attached,attached,not attached}’ will include the string | |
‘attached’ if the session is attached and the string ‘not attached’ if it is unattached, or | |
‘#{?automatic-rename,yes,no}’ will include ‘yes’ if automatic-rename is enabled, or ‘no’ if not. | |
Conditionals can be nested arbitrarily. Inside a conditional, ‘,’ and ‘}’ must be escaped as ‘#,’ | |
and ‘#}’, unless they are part of a ‘#{...}’ replacement. For example: | |
#{?pane_in_mode,#[fg=white#,bg=red],#[fg=red#,bg=white]}#W . | |
String comparisons may be expressed by prefixing two comma-separated alternatives by ‘==’, ‘!=’, | |
‘<’, ‘>’, ‘<=’ or ‘>=’ and a colon. For example ‘#{==:#{host},myhost}’ will be replaced by ‘1’ if | |
running on ‘myhost’, otherwise by ‘0’. ‘||’ and ‘&&’ evaluate to true if either or both of two | |
comma-separated alternatives are true, for example ‘#{||:#{pane_in_mode},#{alternate_on}}’. | |
An ‘m’ specifies an fnmatch(3) or regular expression comparison. The first argument is the pat‐ | |
tern and the second the string to compare. An optional argument specifies flags: ‘r’ means the | |
pattern is a regular expression instead of the default fnmatch(3) pattern, and ‘i’ means to ignore | |
case. For example: ‘#{m:*foo*,#{host}}’ or ‘#{m/ri:^A,MYVAR}’. A ‘C’ performs a search for an | |
fnmatch(3) pattern or regular expression in the pane content and evaluates to zero if not found, | |
or a line number if found. Like ‘m’, an ‘r’ flag means search for a regular expression and ‘i’ | |
ignores case. For example: ‘#{C/r:^Start}’ | |
Numeric operators may be performed by prefixing two comma-separated alternatives with an ‘e’ and | |
an operator. An optional ‘f’ flag may be given after the operator to use floating point numbers, | |
otherwise integers are used. This may be followed by a number giving the number of decimal places | |
to use for the result. The available operators are: addition ‘+’, subtraction ‘-’, multiplication | |
‘*’, division ‘/’, modulus ‘m’ or ‘%’ (note that ‘%’ must be escaped as ‘%%’ in formats which are | |
also expanded by strftime(3)) and numeric comparison operators ‘==’, ‘!=’, ‘<’, ‘<=’, ‘>’ and | |
‘>=’. For example, ‘#{e|*|f|4:5.5,3}’ multiplies 5.5 by 3 for a result with four decimal places | |
and ‘#{e|%%:7,3}’ returns the modulus of 7 and 3. ‘a’ replaces a numeric argument by its ASCII | |
equivalent, so ‘#{a:98}’ results in ‘b’. ‘c’ replaces a tmux colour by its six-digit hexadecimal | |
RGB value. | |
A limit may be placed on the length of the resultant string by prefixing it by an ‘=’, a number | |
and a colon. Positive numbers count from the start of the string and negative from the end, so | |
‘#{=5:pane_title}’ will include at most the first five characters of the pane title, or | |
‘#{=-5:pane_title}’ the last five characters. A suffix or prefix may be given as a second argu‐ | |
ment - if provided then it is appended or prepended to the string if the length has been trimmed, | |
for example ‘#{=/5/...:pane_title}’ will append ‘...’ if the pane title is more than five charac‐ | |
ters. Similarly, ‘p’ pads the string to a given width, for example ‘#{p10:pane_title}’ will re‐ | |
sult in a width of at least 10 characters. A positive width pads on the left, a negative on the | |
right. ‘n’ expands to the length of the variable and ‘w’ to its width when displayed, for example | |
‘#{n:window_name}’. | |
Prefixing a time variable with ‘t:’ will convert it to a string, so if ‘#{window_activity}’ gives | |
‘1445765102’, ‘#{t:window_activity}’ gives ‘Sun Oct 25 09:25:02 2015’. Adding ‘p (’ ‘`t/p`’) will | |
use shorter but less accurate time format for times in the past. A custom format may be given us‐ | |
ing an ‘f’ suffix (note that ‘%’ must be escaped as ‘%%’ if the format is separately being passed | |
through strftime(3), for example in the status-left option): ‘#{t/f/%%H#:%%M:window_activity}’, | |
see strftime(3). | |
The ‘b:’ and ‘d:’ prefixes are basename(3) and dirname(3) of the variable respectively. ‘q:’ will | |
escape sh(1) special characters or with a ‘h’ suffix, escape hash characters (so ‘#’ becomes | |
‘##’). ‘E:’ will expand the format twice, for example ‘#{E:status-left}’ is the result of expand‐ | |
ing the content of the status-left option rather than the option itself. ‘T:’ is like ‘E:’ but | |
also expands strftime(3) specifiers. ‘S:’, ‘W:’ or ‘P:’ will loop over each session, window or | |
pane and insert the format once for each. For windows and panes, two comma-separated formats may | |
be given: the second is used for the current window or active pane. For example, to get a list of | |
windows formatted like the status line: | |
#{W:#{E:window-status-format} ,#{E:window-status-current-format} } | |
‘N:’ checks if a window (without any suffix or with the ‘w’ suffix) or a session (with the ‘s’ | |
suffix) name exists, for example ‘`N/w:foo`’ is replaced with 1 if a window named ‘foo’ exists. | |
A prefix of the form ‘s/foo/bar/:’ will substitute ‘foo’ with ‘bar’ throughout. The first argu‐ | |
ment may be an extended regular expression and a final argument may be ‘i’ to ignore case, for ex‐ | |
ample ‘s/a(.)/\1x/i:’ would change ‘abABab’ into ‘bxBxbx’. | |
In addition, the last line of a shell command's output may be inserted using ‘#()’. For example, | |
‘#(uptime)’ will insert the system's uptime. When constructing formats, tmux does not wait for | |
‘#()’ commands to finish; instead, the previous result from running the same command is used, or a | |
placeholder if the command has not been run before. If the command hasn't exited, the most recent | |
line of output will be used, but the status line will not be updated more than once a second. | |
Commands are executed using /bin/sh and with the tmux global environment set (see the GLOBAL AND | |
SESSION ENVIRONMENT section). | |
An ‘l’ specifies that a string should be interpreted literally and not expanded. For example | |
‘#{l:#{?pane_in_mode,yes,no}}’ will be replaced by ‘#{?pane_in_mode,yes,no}’. | |
The following variables are available, where appropriate: | |
Variable name Alias Replaced with | |
active_window_index Index of active window in session | |
alternate_on 1 if pane is in alternate screen | |
alternate_saved_x Saved cursor X in alternate screen | |
alternate_saved_y Saved cursor Y in alternate screen | |
buffer_created Time buffer created | |
buffer_name Name of buffer | |
buffer_sample Sample of start of buffer | |
buffer_size Size of the specified buffer in bytes | |
client_activity Time client last had activity | |
client_cell_height Height of each client cell in pixels | |
client_cell_width Width of each client cell in pixels | |
client_control_mode 1 if client is in control mode | |
client_created Time client created | |
client_discarded Bytes discarded when client behind | |
client_flags List of client flags | |
client_height Height of client | |
client_key_table Current key table | |
client_last_session Name of the client's last session | |
client_name Name of client | |
client_pid PID of client process | |
client_prefix 1 if prefix key has been pressed | |
client_readonly 1 if client is read-only | |
client_session Name of the client's session | |
client_termfeatures Terminal features of client, if any | |
client_termname Terminal name of client | |
client_termtype Terminal type of client, if available | |
client_tty Pseudo terminal of client | |
client_uid UID of client process | |
client_user User of client process | |
client_utf8 1 if client supports UTF-8 | |
client_width Width of client | |
client_written Bytes written to client | |
command Name of command in use, if any | |
command_list_alias Command alias if listing commands | |
command_list_name Command name if listing commands | |
command_list_usage Command usage if listing commands | |
config_files List of configuration files loaded | |
copy_cursor_line Line the cursor is on in copy mode | |
copy_cursor_word Word under cursor in copy mode | |
copy_cursor_x Cursor X position in copy mode | |
copy_cursor_y Cursor Y position in copy mode | |
current_file Current configuration file | |
cursor_character Character at cursor in pane | |
cursor_flag Pane cursor flag | |
cursor_x Cursor X position in pane | |
cursor_y Cursor Y position in pane | |
history_bytes Number of bytes in window history | |
history_limit Maximum window history lines | |
history_size Size of history in lines | |
hook Name of running hook, if any | |
hook_client Name of client where hook was run, if any | |
hook_pane ID of pane where hook was run, if any | |
hook_session ID of session where hook was run, if any | |
hook_session_name Name of session where hook was run, if any | |
hook_window ID of window where hook was run, if any | |
hook_window_name Name of window where hook was run, if any | |
host #H Hostname of local host | |
host_short #h Hostname of local host (no domain name) | |
insert_flag Pane insert flag | |
keypad_cursor_flag Pane keypad cursor flag | |
keypad_flag Pane keypad flag | |
last_window_index Index of last window in session | |
line Line number in the list | |
mouse_all_flag Pane mouse all flag | |
mouse_any_flag Pane mouse any flag | |
mouse_button_flag Pane mouse button flag | |
mouse_hyperlink Hyperlink under mouse, if any | |
mouse_line Line under mouse, if any | |
mouse_sgr_flag Pane mouse SGR flag | |
mouse_standard_flag Pane mouse standard flag | |
mouse_utf8_flag Pane mouse UTF-8 flag | |
mouse_word Word under mouse, if any | |
mouse_x Mouse X position, if any | |
mouse_y Mouse Y position, if any | |
next_session_id Unique session ID for next new session | |
origin_flag Pane origin flag | |
pane_active 1 if active pane | |
pane_at_bottom 1 if pane is at the bottom of window | |
pane_at_left 1 if pane is at the left of window | |
pane_at_right 1 if pane is at the right of window | |
pane_at_top 1 if pane is at the top of window | |
pane_bg Pane background colour | |
pane_bottom Bottom of pane | |
pane_current_command Current command if available | |
pane_current_path Current path if available | |
pane_dead 1 if pane is dead | |
pane_dead_signal Exit signal of process in dead pane | |
pane_dead_status Exit status of process in dead pane | |
pane_dead_time Exit time of process in dead pane | |
pane_fg Pane foreground colour | |
pane_format 1 if format is for a pane | |
pane_height Height of pane | |
pane_id #D Unique pane ID | |
pane_in_mode 1 if pane is in a mode | |
pane_index #P Index of pane | |
pane_input_off 1 if input to pane is disabled | |
pane_last 1 if last pane | |
pane_left Left of pane | |
pane_marked 1 if this is the marked pane | |
pane_marked_set 1 if a marked pane is set | |
pane_mode Name of pane mode, if any | |
pane_path Path of pane (can be set by application) | |
pane_pid PID of first process in pane | |
pane_pipe 1 if pane is being piped | |
pane_right Right of pane | |
pane_search_string Last search string in copy mode | |
pane_start_command Command pane started with | |
pane_start_path Path pane started with | |
pane_synchronized 1 if pane is synchronized | |
pane_tabs Pane tab positions | |
pane_title #T Title of pane (can be set by application) | |
pane_top Top of pane | |
pane_tty Pseudo terminal of pane | |
pane_width Width of pane | |
pid Server PID | |
rectangle_toggle 1 if rectangle selection is activated | |
scroll_position Scroll position in copy mode | |
scroll_region_lower Bottom of scroll region in pane | |
scroll_region_upper Top of scroll region in pane | |
search_match Search match if any | |
search_present 1 if search started in copy mode | |
selection_active 1 if selection started and changes with the cursor in copy mode | |
selection_end_x X position of the end of the selection | |
selection_end_y Y position of the end of the selection | |
selection_present 1 if selection started in copy mode | |
selection_start_x X position of the start of the selection | |
selection_start_y Y position of the start of the selection | |
session_activity Time of session last activity | |
session_alerts List of window indexes with alerts | |
session_attached Number of clients session is attached to | |
session_attached_list List of clients session is attached to | |
session_created Time session created | |
session_format 1 if format is for a session | |
session_group Name of session group | |
session_group_attached Number of clients sessions in group are attached to | |
session_group_attached_list List of clients sessions in group are attached to | |
session_group_list List of sessions in group | |
session_group_many_attached 1 if multiple clients attached to sessions in group | |
session_group_size Size of session group | |
session_grouped 1 if session in a group | |
session_id Unique session ID | |
session_last_attached Time session last attached | |
session_many_attached 1 if multiple clients attached | |
session_marked 1 if this session contains the marked pane | |
session_name #S Name of session | |
session_path Working directory of session | |
session_stack Window indexes in most recent order | |
session_windows Number of windows in session | |
socket_path Server socket path | |
start_time Server start time | |
uid Server UID | |
user Server user | |
version Server version | |
window_active 1 if window active | |
window_active_clients Number of clients viewing this window | |
window_active_clients_list List of clients viewing this window | |
window_active_sessions Number of sessions on which this window is active | |
window_active_sessions_list List of sessions on which this window is active | |
window_activity Time of window last activity | |
window_activity_flag 1 if window has activity | |
window_bell_flag 1 if window has bell | |
window_bigger 1 if window is larger than client | |
window_cell_height Height of each cell in pixels | |
window_cell_width Width of each cell in pixels | |
window_end_flag 1 if window has the highest index | |
window_flags #F Window flags with # escaped as ## | |
window_format 1 if format is for a window | |
window_height Height of window | |
window_id Unique window ID | |
window_index #I Index of window | |
window_last_flag 1 if window is the last used | |
window_layout Window layout description, ignoring zoomed window panes | |
window_linked 1 if window is linked across sessions | |
window_linked_sessions Number of sessions this window is linked to | |
window_linked_sessions_list List of sessions this window is linked to | |
window_marked_flag 1 if window contains the marked pane | |
window_name #W Name of window | |
window_offset_x X offset into window if larger than client | |
window_offset_y Y offset into window if larger than client | |
window_panes Number of panes in window | |
window_raw_flags Window flags with nothing escaped | |
window_silence_flag 1 if window has silence alert | |
window_stack_index Index in session most recent stack | |
window_start_flag 1 if window has the lowest index | |
window_visible_layout Window layout description, respecting zoomed window panes | |
window_width Width of window | |
window_zoomed_flag 1 if window is zoomed | |
wrap_flag Pane wrap flag | |
STYLES | |
tmux offers various options to specify the colour and attributes of aspects of the interface, for | |
example status-style for the status line. In addition, embedded styles may be specified in format | |
options, such as status-left, by enclosing them in ‘#[’ and ‘]’. | |
A style may be the single term ‘default’ to specify the default style (which may come from an op‐ | |
tion, for example status-style in the status line) or a space or comma separated list of the fol‐ | |
lowing: | |
fg=colour | |
Set the foreground colour. The colour is one of: black, red, green, yellow, blue, | |
magenta, cyan, white; if supported the bright variants brightred, brightgreen, | |
brightyellow; colour0 to colour255 from the 256-colour set; default for the default | |
colour; terminal for the terminal default colour; or a hexadecimal RGB string such as | |
‘#ffffff’. | |
bg=colour | |
Set the background colour. | |
none Set no attributes (turn off any active attributes). | |
acs, bright (or bold), dim, underscore, blink, reverse, hidden, italics, overline, strikethrough, | |
double-underscore, curly-underscore, dotted-underscore, dashed-underscore | |
Set an attribute. Any of the attributes may be prefixed with ‘no’ to unset. acs is the | |
terminal alternate character set. | |
align=left (or noalign), align=centre, align=right | |
Align text to the left, centre or right of the available space if appropriate. | |
fill=colour | |
Fill the available space with a background colour if appropriate. | |
list=on, list=focus, list=left-marker, list=right-marker, nolist | |
Mark the position of the various window list components in the status-format option: | |
list=on marks the start of the list; list=focus is the part of the list that should be | |
kept in focus if the entire list won't fit in the available space (typically the current | |
window); list=left-marker and list=right-marker mark the text to be used to mark that text | |
has been trimmed from the left or right of the list if there is not enough space. | |
push-default, pop-default | |
Store the current colours and attributes as the default or reset to the previous default. | |
A push-default affects any subsequent use of the default term until a pop-default. Only | |
one default may be pushed (each push-default replaces the previous saved default). | |
range=left, range=right, range=window|X, norange | |
Mark a range in the status-format option. range=left and range=right are the text used | |
for the ‘StatusLeft’ and ‘StatusRight’ mouse keys. range=window|X is the range for a win‐ | |
dow passed to the ‘Status’ mouse key, where ‘X’ is a window index. | |
Examples are: | |
fg=yellow bold underscore blink | |
bg=black,fg=default,noreverse | |
NAMES AND TITLES | |
tmux distinguishes between names and titles. Windows and sessions have names, which may be used | |
to specify them in targets and are displayed in the status line and various lists: the name is the | |
tmux identifier for a window or session. Only panes have titles. A pane's title is typically set | |
by the program running inside the pane using an escape sequence (like it would set the xterm(1) | |
window title in X(7)). Windows themselves do not have titles - a window's title is the title of | |
its active pane. tmux itself may set the title of the terminal in which the client is running, | |
see the set-titles option. | |
A session's name is set with the new-session and rename-session commands. A window's name is set | |
with one of: | |
1. A command argument (such as -n for new-window or new-session). | |
2. An escape sequence (if the allow-rename option is turned on): | |
$ printf '\033kWINDOW_NAME\033\\' | |
3. Automatic renaming, which sets the name to the active command in the window's active pane. | |
See the automatic-rename option. | |
When a pane is first created, its title is the hostname. A pane's title can be set via the title | |
setting escape sequence, for example: | |
$ printf '\033]2;My Title\033\\' | |
It can also be modified with the select-pane -T command. | |
GLOBAL AND SESSION ENVIRONMENT | |
When the server is started, tmux copies the environment into the global environment; in addition, | |
each session has a session environment. When a window is created, the session and global environ‐ | |
ments are merged. If a variable exists in both, the value from the session environment is used. | |
The result is the initial environment passed to the new process. | |
The update-environment session option may be used to update the session environment from the | |
client when a new session is created or an old reattached. tmux also initialises the TMUX vari‐ | |
able with some internal information to allow commands to be executed from inside, and the TERM | |
variable with the correct terminal setting of ‘screen’. | |
Variables in both session and global environments may be marked as hidden. Hidden variables are | |
not passed into the environment of new processes and instead can only be used by tmux itself (for | |
example in formats, see the FORMATS section). | |
Commands to alter and view the environment are: | |
set-environment [-Fhgru] [-t target-session] name [value] | |
(alias: setenv) | |
Set or unset an environment variable. If -g is used, the change is made in the global en‐ | |
vironment; otherwise, it is applied to the session environment for target-session. If -F | |
is present, then value is expanded as a format. The -u flag unsets a variable. -r indi‐ | |
cates the variable is to be removed from the environment before starting a new process. | |
-h marks the variable as hidden. | |
show-environment [-hgs] [-t target-session] [variable] | |
(alias: showenv) | |
Display the environment for target-session or the global environment with -g. If variable | |
is omitted, all variables are shown. Variables removed from the environment are prefixed | |
with ‘-’. If -s is used, the output is formatted as a set of Bourne shell commands. -h | |
shows hidden variables (omitted by default). | |
STATUS LINE | |
tmux includes an optional status line which is displayed in the bottom line of each terminal. | |
By default, the status line is enabled and one line in height (it may be disabled or made multiple | |
lines with the status session option) and contains, from left-to-right: the name of the current | |
session in square brackets; the window list; the title of the active pane in double quotes; and | |
the time and date. | |
Each line of the status line is configured with the status-format option. The default is made of | |
three parts: configurable left and right sections (which may contain dynamic content such as the | |
time or output from a shell command, see the status-left, status-left-length, status-right, and | |
status-right-length options below), and a central window list. By default, the window list shows | |
the index, name and (if any) flag of the windows present in the current session in ascending nu‐ | |
merical order. It may be customised with the window-status-format and | |
window-status-current-format options. The flag is one of the following symbols appended to the | |
window name: | |
Symbol Meaning | |
* Denotes the current window. | |
- Marks the last window (previously selected). | |
# Window activity is monitored and activity has been detected. | |
! Window bells are monitored and a bell has occurred in the window. | |
~ The window has been silent for the monitor-silence interval. | |
M The window contains the marked pane. | |
Z The window's active pane is zoomed. | |
The # symbol relates to the monitor-activity window option. The window name is printed in in‐ | |
verted colours if an alert (bell, activity or silence) is present. | |
The colour and attributes of the status line may be configured, the entire status line using the | |
status-style session option and individual windows using the window-status-style window option. | |
The status line is automatically refreshed at interval if it has changed, the interval may be con‐ | |
trolled with the status-interval session option. | |
Commands related to the status line are as follows: | |
clear-prompt-history [-T prompt-type] | |
(alias: clearphist) | |
Clear status prompt history for prompt type prompt-type. If -T is omitted, then clear | |
history for all types. See command-prompt for possible values for prompt-type. | |
command-prompt [-1bFikN] [-I inputs] [-p prompts] [-t target-client] [-T prompt-type] [template] | |
Open the command prompt in a client. This may be used from inside tmux to execute com‐ | |
mands interactively. | |
If template is specified, it is used as the command. With -F, template is expanded as a | |
format. | |
If present, -I is a comma-separated list of the initial text for each prompt. If -p is | |
given, prompts is a comma-separated list of prompts which are displayed in order; other‐ | |
wise a single prompt is displayed, constructed from template if it is present, or ‘:’ if | |
not. | |
Before the command is executed, the first occurrence of the string ‘%%’ and all occur‐ | |
rences of ‘%1’ are replaced by the response to the first prompt, all ‘%2’ are replaced | |
with the response to the second prompt, and so on for further prompts. Up to nine prompt | |
responses may be replaced (‘%1’ to ‘%9’). ‘%%%’ is like ‘%%’ but any quotation marks are | |
escaped. | |
-1 makes the prompt only accept one key press, in this case the resulting input is a sin‐ | |
gle character. -k is like -1 but the key press is translated to a key name. -N makes the | |
prompt only accept numeric key presses. -i executes the command every time the prompt in‐ | |
put changes instead of when the user exits the command prompt. | |
-T tells tmux the prompt type. This affects what completions are offered when Tab is | |
pressed. Available types are: ‘command’, ‘search’, ‘target’ and ‘window-target’. | |
The following keys have a special meaning in the command prompt, depending on the value of | |
the status-keys option: | |
Function vi emacs | |
Cancel command prompt q Escape | |
Delete from cursor to start of word C-w | |
Delete entire command d C-u | |
Delete from cursor to end D C-k | |
Execute command Enter Enter | |
Get next command from history Down | |
Get previous command from history Up | |
Insert top paste buffer p C-y | |
Look for completions Tab Tab | |
Move cursor left h Left | |
Move cursor right l Right | |
Move cursor to end $ C-e | |
Move cursor to next word w M-f | |
Move cursor to previous word b M-b | |
Move cursor to start 0 C-a | |
Transpose characters C-t | |
With -b, the prompt is shown in the background and the invoking client does not exit until | |
it is dismissed. | |
confirm-before [-b] [-p prompt] [-t target-client] command | |
(alias: confirm) | |
Ask for confirmation before executing command. If -p is given, prompt is the prompt to | |
display; otherwise a prompt is constructed from command. It may contain the special char‐ | |
acter sequences supported by the status-left option. With -b, the prompt is shown in the | |
background and the invoking client does not exit until it is dismissed. | |
display-menu [-O] [-c target-client] [-t target-pane] [-T title] [-x position] [-y position] name | |
key command ... | |
(alias: menu) | |
Display a menu on target-client. target-pane gives the target for any commands run from | |
the menu. | |
A menu is passed as a series of arguments: first the menu item name, second the key short‐ | |
cut (or empty for none) and third the command to run when the menu item is chosen. The | |
name and command are formats, see the FORMATS and STYLES sections. If the name begins | |
with a hyphen (-), then the item is disabled (shown dim) and may not be chosen. The name | |
may be empty for a separator line, in which case both the key and command should be omit‐ | |
ted. | |
-T is a format for the menu title (see FORMATS). | |
-x and -y give the position of the menu. Both may be a row or column number, or one of | |
the following special values: | |
Value Flag Meaning | |
C Both The centre of the terminal | |
R -x The right side of the terminal | |
P Both The bottom left of the pane | |
M Both The mouse position | |
W Both The window position on the status line | |
S -y The line above or below the status line | |
Or a format, which is expanded including the following additional variables: | |
Variable name Replaced with | |
popup_centre_x Centered in the client | |
popup_centre_y Centered in the client | |
popup_height Height of menu or popup | |
popup_mouse_bottom Bottom of at the mouse | |
popup_mouse_centre_x Horizontal centre at the mouse | |
popup_mouse_centre_y Vertical centre at the mouse | |
popup_mouse_top Top at the mouse | |
popup_mouse_x Mouse X position | |
popup_mouse_y Mouse Y position | |
popup_pane_bottom Bottom of the pane | |
popup_pane_left Left of the pane | |
popup_pane_right Right of the pane | |
popup_pane_top Top of the pane | |
popup_status_line_y Above or below the status line | |
popup_width Width of menu or popup | |
popup_window_status_line_x At the window position in status line | |
popup_window_status_line_y At the status line showing the window | |
Each menu consists of items followed by a key shortcut shown in brackets. If the menu is | |
too large to fit on the terminal, it is not displayed. Pressing the key shortcut chooses | |
the corresponding item. If the mouse is enabled and the menu is opened from a mouse key | |
binding, releasing the mouse button with an item selected chooses that item and releasing | |
the mouse button without an item selected closes the menu. -O changes this behaviour so | |
that the menu does not close when the mouse button is released without an item selected | |
the menu is not closed and a mouse button must be clicked to choose an item. | |
The following keys are also available: | |
Key Function | |
Enter Choose selected item | |
Up Select previous item | |
Down Select next item | |
q Exit menu | |
display-message [-aINpv] [-c target-client] [-d delay] [-t target-pane] [message] | |
(alias: display) | |
Display a message. If -p is given, the output is printed to stdout, otherwise it is dis‐ | |
played in the target-client status line for up to delay milliseconds. If delay is not | |
given, the display-time option is used; a delay of zero waits for a key press. ‘N’ ig‐ | |
nores key presses and closes only after the delay expires. The format of message is de‐ | |
scribed in the FORMATS section; information is taken from target-pane if -t is given, oth‐ | |
erwise the active pane. | |
-v prints verbose logging as the format is parsed and -a lists the format variables and | |
their values. | |
-I forwards any input read from stdin to the empty pane given by target-pane. | |
display-popup [-BCE] [-b border-lines] [-c target-client] [-d start-directory] [-e environment] | |
[-h height] [-s style] [-S border-style] [-t target-pane] [-T title] [-w width] [-x | |
position] [-y position] [shell-command] | |
(alias: popup) | |
Display a popup running shell-command on target-client. A popup is a rectangular box | |
drawn over the top of any panes. Panes are not updated while a popup is present. | |
-E closes the popup automatically when shell-command exits. Two -E closes the popup only | |
if shell-command exited with success. | |
-x and -y give the position of the popup, they have the same meaning as for the | |
display-menu command. -w and -h give the width and height - both may be a percentage | |
(followed by ‘%’). If omitted, half of the terminal size is used. | |
-B does not surround the popup by a border. | |
-b sets the type of border line for the popup. When -B is specified, the -b option is ig‐ | |
nored. See popup-border-lines for possible values for border-lines. | |
-s sets the style for the popup and -S sets the style for the popup border. For how to | |
specify style, see the STYLES section. | |
-e takes the form ‘VARIABLE=value’ and sets an environment variable for the popup; it may | |
be specified multiple times. | |
-T is a format for the popup title (see FORMATS). | |
The -C flag closes any popup on the client. | |
show-prompt-history [-T prompt-type] | |
(alias: showphist) | |
Display status prompt history for prompt type prompt-type. If -T is omitted, then show | |
history for all types. See command-prompt for possible values for prompt-type. | |
BUFFERS | |
tmux maintains a set of named paste buffers. Each buffer may be either explicitly or automati‐ | |
cally named. Explicitly named buffers are named when created with the set-buffer or load-buffer | |
commands, or by renaming an automatically named buffer with set-buffer -n. Automatically named | |
buffers are given a name such as ‘buffer0001’, ‘buffer0002’ and so on. When the buffer-limit op‐ | |
tion is reached, the oldest automatically named buffer is deleted. Explicitly named buffers are | |
not subject to buffer-limit and may be deleted with the delete-buffer command. | |
Buffers may be added using copy-mode or the set-buffer and load-buffer commands, and pasted into a | |
window using the paste-buffer command. If a buffer command is used and no buffer is specified, | |
the most recently added automatically named buffer is assumed. | |
A configurable history buffer is also maintained for each window. By default, up to 2000 lines | |
are kept; this can be altered with the history-limit option (see the set-option command above). | |
The buffer commands are as follows: | |
choose-buffer [-NZr] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] [-O sort-order] [-t target-pane] | |
[template] | |
Put a pane into buffer mode, where a buffer may be chosen interactively from a list. Each | |
buffer is shown on one line. A shortcut key is shown on the left in brackets allowing for | |
immediate choice, or the list may be navigated and an item chosen or otherwise manipulated | |
using the keys below. -Z zooms the pane. The following keys may be used in buffer mode: | |
Key Function | |
Enter Paste selected buffer | |
Up Select previous buffer | |
Down Select next buffer | |
C-s Search by name or content | |
n Repeat last search | |
t Toggle if buffer is tagged | |
T Tag no buffers | |
C-t Tag all buffers | |
p Paste selected buffer | |
P Paste tagged buffers | |
d Delete selected buffer | |
D Delete tagged buffers | |
e Open the buffer in an editor | |
f Enter a format to filter items | |
O Change sort field | |
r Reverse sort order | |
v Toggle preview | |
q Exit mode | |
After a buffer is chosen, ‘%%’ is replaced by the buffer name in template and the result | |
executed as a command. If template is not given, "paste-buffer -b '%%'" is used. | |
-O specifies the initial sort field: one of ‘time’ (creation), ‘name’ or ‘size’. -r re‐ | |
verses the sort order. -f specifies an initial filter: the filter is a format - if it | |
evaluates to zero, the item in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown. If a filter | |
would lead to an empty list, it is ignored. -F specifies the format for each item in the | |
list and -K a format for each shortcut key; both are evaluated once for each line. -N | |
starts without the preview. This command works only if at least one client is attached. | |
clear-history [-H] [-t target-pane] | |
(alias: clearhist) | |
Remove and free the history for the specified pane. -H also removes all hyperlinks. | |
delete-buffer [-b buffer-name] | |
(alias: deleteb) | |
Delete the buffer named buffer-name, or the most recently added automatically named buffer | |
if not specified. | |
list-buffers [-F format] [-f filter] | |
(alias: lsb) | |
List the global buffers. -F specifies the format of each line and -f a filter. Only buf‐ | |
fers for which the filter is true are shown. See the FORMATS section. | |
load-buffer [-w] [-b buffer-name] [-t target-client] path | |
(alias: loadb) | |
Load the contents of the specified paste buffer from path. If -w is given, the buffer is | |
also sent to the clipboard for target-client using the xterm(1) escape sequence, if possi‐ | |
ble. | |
paste-buffer [-dpr] [-b buffer-name] [-s separator] [-t target-pane] | |
(alias: pasteb) | |
Insert the contents of a paste buffer into the specified pane. If not specified, paste | |
into the current one. With -d, also delete the paste buffer. When output, any linefeed | |
(LF) characters in the paste buffer are replaced with a separator, by default carriage re‐ | |
turn (CR). A custom separator may be specified using the -s flag. The -r flag means to | |
do no replacement (equivalent to a separator of LF). If -p is specified, paste bracket | |
control codes are inserted around the buffer if the application has requested bracketed | |
paste mode. | |
save-buffer [-a] [-b buffer-name] path | |
(alias: saveb) | |
Save the contents of the specified paste buffer to path. The -a option appends to rather | |
than overwriting the file. | |
set-buffer [-aw] [-b buffer-name] [-t target-client] [-n new-buffer-name] data | |
(alias: setb) | |
Set the contents of the specified buffer to data. If -w is given, the buffer is also sent | |
to the clipboard for target-client using the xterm(1) escape sequence, if possible. The | |
-a option appends to rather than overwriting the buffer. The -n option renames the buffer | |
to new-buffer-name. | |
show-buffer [-b buffer-name] | |
(alias: showb) | |
Display the contents of the specified buffer. | |
MISCELLANEOUS | |
Miscellaneous commands are as follows: | |
clock-mode [-t target-pane] | |
Display a large clock. | |
if-shell [-bF] [-t target-pane] shell-command command [command] | |
(alias: if) | |
Execute the first command if shell-command (run with /bin/sh) returns success or the sec‐ | |
ond command otherwise. Before being executed, shell-command is expanded using the rules | |
specified in the FORMATS section, including those relevant to target-pane. With -b, | |
shell-command is run in the background. | |
If -F is given, shell-command is not executed but considered success if neither empty nor | |
zero (after formats are expanded). | |
lock-server | |
(alias: lock) | |
Lock each client individually by running the command specified by the lock-command option. | |
run-shell [-bC] [-d delay] [-t target-pane] [shell-command] | |
(alias: run) | |
Execute shell-command using /bin/sh or (with -C) a tmux command in the background without | |
creating a window. Before being executed, shell-command is expanded using the rules spec‐ | |
ified in the FORMATS section. With -b, the command is run in the background. -d waits | |
for delay seconds before starting the command. If -C is not given, any output to stdout | |
is displayed in view mode (in the pane specified by -t or the current pane if omitted) af‐ | |
ter the command finishes. If the command fails, the exit status is also displayed. | |
wait-for [-L | -S | -U] channel | |
(alias: wait) | |
When used without options, prevents the client from exiting until woken using wait-for -S | |
with the same channel. When -L is used, the channel is locked and any clients that try to | |
lock the same channel are made to wait until the channel is unlocked with wait-for -U. | |
EXIT MESSAGES | |
When a tmux client detaches, it prints a message. This may be one of: | |
detached (from session ...) | |
The client was detached normally. | |
detached and SIGHUP | |
The client was detached and its parent sent the SIGHUP signal (for example with | |
detach-client -P). | |
lost tty | |
The client's tty(4) or pty(4) was unexpectedly destroyed. | |
terminated | |
The client was killed with SIGTERM. | |
too far behind | |
The client is in control mode and became unable to keep up with the data from tmux. | |
exited The server exited when it had no sessions. | |
server exited | |
The server exited when it received SIGTERM. | |
server exited unexpectedly | |
The server crashed or otherwise exited without telling the client the reason. | |
TERMINFO EXTENSIONS | |
tmux understands some unofficial extensions to terminfo(5). It is not normally necessary to set | |
these manually, instead the terminal-features option should be used. | |
AX An existing extension that tells tmux the terminal supports default colours. | |
Bidi Tell tmux that the terminal supports the VTE bidirectional text extensions. | |
Cs, Cr Set the cursor colour. The first takes a single string argument and is used to set the | |
colour; the second takes no arguments and restores the default cursor colour. If set, a | |
sequence such as this may be used to change the cursor colour from inside tmux: | |
$ printf '\033]12;red\033\\' | |
The colour is an X(7) colour, see XParseColor(3). | |
Cmg, Clmg, Dsmg, Enmg | |
Set, clear, disable or enable DECSLRM margins. These are set automatically if the termi‐ | |
nal reports it is VT420 compatible. | |
Dsbp, Enbp | |
Disable and enable bracketed paste. These are set automatically if the XT capability is | |
present. | |
Dseks, Eneks | |
Disable and enable extended keys. | |
Dsfcs, Enfcs | |
Disable and enable focus reporting. These are set automatically if the XT capability is | |
present. | |
Hls Set or clear a hyperlink annotation. | |
Nobr Tell tmux that the terminal does not use bright colors for bold display. | |
Rect Tell tmux that the terminal supports rectangle operations. | |
Smol Enable the overline attribute. | |
Smulx Set a styled underscore. The single parameter is one of: 0 for no underscore, 1 for nor‐ | |
mal underscore, 2 for double underscore, 3 for curly underscore, 4 for dotted underscore | |
and 5 for dashed underscore. | |
Setulc, ol | |
Set the underscore colour or reset to the default. The argument is (red * 65536) + (green | |
* 256) + blue where each is between 0 and 255. | |
Ss, Se Set or reset the cursor style. If set, a sequence such as this may be used to change the | |
cursor to an underline: | |
$ printf '\033[4 q' | |
If Se is not set, Ss with argument 0 will be used to reset the cursor style instead. | |
Swd Set the opening sequence for the working directory notification. The sequence is termi‐ | |
nated using the standard fsl capability. | |
Sync Start (parameter is 1) or end (parameter is 2) a synchronized update. | |
Tc Indicate that the terminal supports the ‘direct colour’ RGB escape sequence (for example, | |
\e[38;2;255;255;255m). | |
If supported, this is used for the initialize colour escape sequence (which may be enabled | |
by adding the ‘initc’ and ‘ccc’ capabilities to the tmux terminfo(5) entry). | |
This is equivalent to the RGB terminfo(5) capability. | |
Ms Store the current buffer in the host terminal's selection (clipboard). See the | |
set-clipboard option above and the xterm(1) man page. | |
XT This is an existing extension capability that tmux uses to mean that the terminal supports | |
the xterm(1) title set sequences and to automatically set some of the capabilities above. | |
CONTROL MODE | |
tmux offers a textual interface called control mode. This allows applications to communicate with | |
tmux using a simple text-only protocol. | |
In control mode, a client sends tmux commands or command sequences terminated by newlines on stan‐ | |
dard input. Each command will produce one block of output on standard output. An output block | |
consists of a %begin line followed by the output (which may be empty). The output block ends with | |
a %end or %error. %begin and matching %end or %error have three arguments: an integer time (as | |
seconds from epoch), command number and flags (currently not used). For example: | |
%begin 1363006971 2 1 | |
0: ksh* (1 panes) [80x24] [layout b25f,80x24,0,0,2] @2 (active) | |
%end 1363006971 2 1 | |
The refresh-client -C command may be used to set the size of a client in control mode. | |
In control mode, tmux outputs notifications. A notification will never occur inside an output | |
block. | |
The following notifications are defined: | |
%client-detached client | |
The client has detached. | |
%client-session-changed client session-id name | |
The client is now attached to the session with ID session-id, which is named name. | |
%config-error error | |
An error has happened in a configuration file. | |
%continue pane-id | |
The pane has been continued after being paused (if the pause-after flag is set, see | |
refresh-client -A). | |
%exit [reason] | |
The tmux client is exiting immediately, either because it is not attached to any session | |
or an error occurred. If present, reason describes why the client exited. | |
%extended-output pane-id age ... : value | |
New form of %output sent when the pause-after flag is set. age is the time in millisec‐ | |
onds for which tmux had buffered the output before it was sent. Any subsequent arguments | |
up until a single ‘:’ are for future use and should be ignored. | |
%layout-change window-id window-layout window-visible-layout window-flags | |
The layout of a window with ID window-id changed. The new layout is window-layout. The | |
window's visible layout is window-visible-layout and the window flags are window-flags. | |
%output pane-id value | |
A window pane produced output. value escapes non-printable characters and backslash as | |
octal \xxx. | |
%pane-mode-changed pane-id | |
The pane with ID pane-id has changed mode. | |
%paste-buffer-changed name | |
Paste buffer name has been changed. | |
%pause pane-id | |
The pane has been paused (if the pause-after flag is set). | |
%session-changed session-id name | |
The client is now attached to the session with ID session-id, which is named name. | |
%session-renamed name | |
The current session was renamed to name. | |
%session-window-changed session-id window-id | |
The session with ID session-id changed its active window to the window with ID window-id. | |
%sessions-changed | |
A session was created or destroyed. | |
%subscription-changed name session-id window-id window-index pane-id ... : value | |
The value of the format associated with subscription name has changed to value. See | |
refresh-client -B. Any arguments after pane-id up until a single ‘:’ are for future use | |
and should be ignored. | |
%unlinked-window-add window-id | |
The window with ID window-id was created but is not linked to the current session. | |
%unlinked-window-close window-id | |
The window with ID window-id, which is not linked to the current session, was closed. | |
%unlinked-window-renamed window-id | |
The window with ID window-id, which is not linked to the current session, was renamed. | |
%window-add window-id | |
The window with ID window-id was linked to the current session. | |
%window-close window-id | |
The window with ID window-id closed. | |
%window-pane-changed window-id pane-id | |
The active pane in the window with ID window-id changed to the pane with ID pane-id. | |
%window-renamed window-id name | |
The window with ID window-id was renamed to name. | |
ENVIRONMENT | |
When tmux is started, it inspects the following environment variables: | |
EDITOR If the command specified in this variable contains the string ‘vi’ and VISUAL is unset, | |
use vi-style key bindings. Overridden by the mode-keys and status-keys options. | |
HOME The user's login directory. If unset, the passwd(5) database is consulted. | |
LC_CTYPE The character encoding locale(1). It is used for two separate purposes. For output to | |
the terminal, UTF-8 is used if the -u option is given or if LC_CTYPE contains "UTF-8" or | |
"UTF8". Otherwise, only ASCII characters are written and non-ASCII characters are re‐ | |
placed with underscores (‘_’). For input, tmux always runs with a UTF-8 locale. If | |
en_US.UTF-8 is provided by the operating system, it is used and LC_CTYPE is ignored for | |
input. Otherwise, LC_CTYPE tells tmux what the UTF-8 locale is called on the current | |
system. If the locale specified by LC_CTYPE is not available or is not a UTF-8 locale, | |
tmux exits with an error message. | |
LC_TIME The date and time format locale(1). It is used for locale-dependent strftime(3) format | |
specifiers. | |
PWD The current working directory to be set in the global environment. This may be useful | |
if it contains symbolic links. If the value of the variable does not match the current | |
working directory, the variable is ignored and the result of getcwd(3) is used instead. | |
SHELL The absolute path to the default shell for new windows. See the default-shell option | |
for details. | |
TMUX_TMPDIR | |
The parent directory of the directory containing the server sockets. See the -L option | |
for details. | |
VISUAL If the command specified in this variable contains the string ‘vi’, use vi-style key | |
bindings. Overridden by the mode-keys and status-keys options. | |
FILES | |
~/.tmux.conf | |
$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/tmux/tmux.conf | |
~/.config/tmux/tmux.conf | |
Default tmux configuration file. | |
/etc/tmux.conf System-wide configuration file. | |
EXAMPLES | |
To create a new tmux session running vi(1): | |
$ tmux new-session vi | |
Most commands have a shorter form, known as an alias. For new-session, this is new: | |
$ tmux new vi | |
Alternatively, the shortest unambiguous form of a command is accepted. If there are several op‐ | |
tions, they are listed: | |
$ tmux n | |
ambiguous command: n, could be: new-session, new-window, next-window | |
Within an active session, a new window may be created by typing ‘C-b c’ (Ctrl followed by the ‘b’ | |
key followed by the ‘c’ key). | |
Windows may be navigated with: ‘C-b 0’ (to select window 0), ‘C-b 1’ (to select window 1), and so | |
on; ‘C-b n’ to select the next window; and ‘C-b p’ to select the previous window. | |
A session may be detached using ‘C-b d’ (or by an external event such as ssh(1) disconnection) and | |
reattached with: | |
$ tmux attach-session | |
Typing ‘C-b ?’ lists the current key bindings in the current window; up and down may be used to | |
navigate the list or ‘q’ to exit from it. | |
Commands to be run when the tmux server is started may be placed in the ~/.tmux.conf configuration | |
file. Common examples include: | |
Changing the default prefix key: | |
set-option -g prefix C-a | |
unbind-key C-b | |
bind-key C-a send-prefix | |
Turning the status li |