how_the_web_works_1605.md

How The Web Works

Today we are going to investigate the way the web works.

Materials:

• First let's read MDN HOW WEB WORKS.
• Next let's watch a few quick examples of how the internet works.
• And [how IP addresses work](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFooN7Mu0IM - how IP addresses work).
• Finally let's tie these things together and watch a video about DNS - what happens when you type an address into a web browser.
• Lastly, let's read a little about the anatomy of a URL

QUIZ:

Now we have a better grasp about the internet, and how some of the things are working. Now, let's answer a few questions to check our understanding. Don't be afraid to do additional research (googleing) for an answer. Fork this gist and answer the following questions:

1. Describe, step by step, what happens when I type www.example.com into my browser and try to go to the page?

• ANSWER:
• 1. first the browser checks to see if it knows the IP address already, and then searches the cache. if it doesn't find it, it will...
• 2. ask the OS for the IP address.
• 3. if the OS doesn't know either, it queries a resolving name server.
• 4. the RNS queries a root name server.
• 5. the root name server directs the rns to a top level domain name server.
• 6. the tld name server directs the rns to an authoritative name server.
• 7. the ans provides the rns with the ip address.
• 8. the rns provides the OS with the data it has acquired.
• 9. the OS hands the data to the browser.
• 10. the browser makes a request to the ip address.

1. What does HTTP stand for?

• ANSWER: Hypertext Transfer Protocol

2. What protocol does the World Wide Web use?

• ANSWER: HTTP, HTTPS

3. Each computer on the Internet is assigned an IP address, what does IP stand for?

• ANSWER: Internet Protocol

4. What does DNS stand for?

• A. Domain Name System*

5. How are text domain names matched to their respective numeric IP addresses.Matching the text domain names to their respective numeric IP addresses is the job of a seperate __________ server.

• ANSWER: name

6. What is the client?

• E. The computer which the IP address belongs to

7. What does URL stand for?

• ANSWER: Uniform Resource Locator

8. What are protocol?

• D. The standardised method for transferring data or documents over a network

9. What does DNS stand for?

• ANSWER: Domain Name System

11. what is the www portion of a url?

• ANSWER: this is the subdomain.

12. What is The markup language used for all web documents?

• ANSWER: hypertext markup language

13. What is the organization that monitors web technologies?

• ANSWER: the World Wide Web Consortium

14. What is the Protocol for transferring web documents on the Internet?

• ANSWER: File Transfer Protocol

15. What matches the domain names with numeric IP addresses?

• ANSWER: Domain Name System