changecolumn.php

1. Change post title in post list column
add_action(
    'admin_head-edit.php',
    'wpse152971_edit_post_change_title_in_list'
);
function wpse152971_edit_post_change_title_in_list() {
    add_filter(
        'the_title',
        'wpse152971_construct_new_title',
        100,
        2
    );
}

function wpse152971_construct_new_title( $title, $id ) {
    //print_r( $title );
    //print_r( $id );
    return 'new';
}

Making use of the admin_head-$hook_suffix hook.

2. Based on the manage_{$post_type}_posts_columns hook
add_filter(
    'manage_post_posts_columns',
    'wpse152971_replace_column_title_method_b'
);
function wpse152971_replace_column_title_method_b( $posts_columns ) {
    //print_r($posts_columns);
    $posts_columns[ 'title' ] = 'new title';
    return $posts_columns;
}