Unix cheat sheet

instructions.md

• df -h: Show disk space for humans
• scp file user@server:path/file: Transfer file over SSH
• whereis command: Path to command
• ssh user@server: Start SSH session (exit with exit)
• lshw -short: Hardware information for humans
• ls -lah dir: Show content of directory for humans, including hidden files
• cd dir: Change directory
• mkdir: Create directory
• rm -rf dir: Delete full directory
• rm file: Delete file
• mv file file: Move or rename file
• dpkg -l: List installed packages
• dpkg -i file.deb: Install package (ignore select dependencies with —ignore-depends=package)
• dpkg --r file: Remove package installed with dpkg
• ifconfig: Show network interfaces
• chmod +x file: Make file executable
• lsmod: Show loaded kernel modules
• lsusb: Show connected USB devices
• tar -xvzf file.tar.gz: Unpack archive
• tar -tvf file.tar.gz: List contents of archive
• ln -s file file: Create symbolic link
• ufw: Firewall
• adduser -m user: Add new user
• usermod -aG sudo user: Add user to sudoers
• apt update: Update repository sources
• apt-cache search package: Search package
• apt install package: Install package from repository
• apt remove package: Remove package from repository
• ps aux: Show currently running processes
• kill -KILL number: Kill process
• kill -s SIGNAL: Send signal to process (i.e. USR1 to restart caddy)
• zip -r file.zip dir: Create zip file from all files in the directory
• lspci: Show connected PCI devices
• cp -avr dir dir: Copy full directory (verbose)
• mv `ls | head -500` dir: Move the first 500 files into directory
• w: Who is logged in?
• passwd: Change password
• su - user: Temporarily switch to user
• du -sh dir: Estimate size of directory
• history: Show command history
• lsof -i: Show open ports (if not managed with ufw)
• cat file: Print contents of file
• man command: Show help for command
• git add file: Add file to git repository
• git add -u: Add all changed files
• git init repo: Initialize new local repository
• git init --bare repo.git: Initialize new remote (bare) repository (has no working tree)
• git remote add name: Add remote
• git remote remove name: Remove remote
• git remote -v: List remotes
• git commit -m "message": Commit changes
• git push origin branch: Push changes to branch on origin
• git pull: Pull changes from repository
• git clone repo.git: Clone (remote) repository
• git rm file: Delete file from repository
• git log: Show commit history
• git remote set-url --add --push origin git://additional/repo.git: Add second upstream to repository
• nano: Editor
• restart: Restart
• systemctl ...: Systemd control
• service ...: Systemd control
• which command: Which binary does command use?
• mount folder: Mount resource associated (i.e. in /etc/fstab) with folder
• umount folder: Unmount resource associated (i.e. in /etc/fstab) with folder
• curl url: Retrieve URL
• wget url: Retrieve URL
• sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata: Set time zone
• nohup command&: Run command in the background and do not terminate when session (e.g. over SSH) is closed
• tail -n 500 file: Print last 500 lines of file
• tree: Nice directory structure
• htop: Nice resource monitor
• ls -1 | wc -l: Number of files in current directory
• lsblk: Show disk info, add -f to also show IDs, file systems, and partitions
• sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX: Quick format disk or partition
• timedatectl list-timezones: List timezones
• sudo timedatectl set-timezone timezone: Set timezone
• sensors: Temperature (run sudo detect-sensors first)
• nvidia-smi: GPU info