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130+ essential vim commands
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130+ essential vim commands | |
Published on August 12th, 2013 by Jean. 22 Comments - | |
Since the 70′s, vi and vim are very popular text editors among programmers. 5 years ago, I wrote an article named “100 vim commands every programmer should know” and here is a reworked, updated version. Enjoy! | |
Basics | |
:e filename Open filename for edition | |
:w Save file | |
:q Exit Vim | |
:q! Quit without saving | |
:x Write file (if changes has been made) and exit | |
:sav filename Saves file as filename | |
. Repeats the last change made in normal mode | |
5. Repeats 5 times the last change made in normal mode | |
Moving in the file | |
k or Up Arrow move the cursor up one line | |
j or Down Arrow move the cursor down one line | |
e move the cursor to the end of the word | |
b move the cursor to the begining of the word | |
0 move the cursor to the begining of the line | |
G move the cursor to the end of the file | |
gg move the cursor to the begining of the file | |
L move the cursor to the bottom of the screen | |
:59 move cursor to line 59. Replace 59 by the desired line number. | |
20| move cursor to column 20. | |
% Move cursor to matching parenthesis | |
[[ Jump to function start | |
[{ Jump to block start | |
Cut, copy & paste | |
y Copy the selected text to clipboard | |
p Paste clipboard contents | |
dd Cut current line | |
yy Copy current line | |
y$ Copy to end of line | |
D Cut to end of line | |
Search | |
/word Search word from top to bottom | |
?word Search word from bottom to top | |
* Search the word under cursor | |
/\cstring Search STRING or string, case insensitive | |
/jo[ha]n Search john or joan | |
/\< the Search the, theatre or then | |
/the\> Search the or breathe | |
/\< the\> Search the | |
/\< ¦.\> Search all words of 4 letters | |
/\/ Search fred but not alfred or frederick | |
/fred\|joe Search fred or joe | |
/\<\d\d\d\d\> Search exactly 4 digits | |
/^\n\{3} Find 3 empty lines | |
:bufdo /searchstr/ Search in all open files | |
bufdo %s/something/somethingelse/g Search something in all the open buffers and replace it with somethingelse | |
Replace | |
:%s/old/new/g Replace all occurences of old by new in file | |
:%s/onward/forward/gi Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive | |
:%s/old/new/gc Replace all occurences with confirmation | |
:2,35s/old/new/g Replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35 | |
:5,$s/old/new/g Replace all occurences from line 5 to EOF | |
:%s/^/hello/g Replace the begining of each line by hello | |
:%s/$/Harry/g Replace the end of each line by Harry | |
:%s/onward/forward/gi Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive | |
:%s/ *$//g Delete all white spaces | |
:g/string/d Delete all lines containing string | |
:v/string/d Delete all lines containing which didn’t contain string | |
:s/Bill/Steve/ Replace the first occurence of Bill by Steve in current line | |
:s/Bill/Steve/g Replace Bill by Steve in current line | |
:%s/Bill/Steve/g Replace Bill by Steve in all the file | |
:%s/^M//g Delete DOS carriage returns (^M) | |
:%s/\r/\r/g Transform DOS carriage returns in returns | |
:%s#<[^>]\+>##g Delete HTML tags but keeps text | |
:%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/ Delete lines which appears twice | |
Ctrl+a Increment number under the cursor | |
Ctrl+x Decrement number under cursor | |
ggVGg? Change text to Rot13 | |
Case | |
Vu Lowercase line | |
VU Uppercase line | |
g~~ Invert case | |
vEU Switch word to uppercase | |
vE~ Modify word case | |
ggguG Set all text to lowercase | |
gggUG Set all text to uppercase | |
:set ignorecase Ignore case in searches | |
:set smartcase Ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used | |
:%s/\<./\u&/g Sets first letter of each word to uppercase | |
:%s/\<./\l&/g Sets first letter of each word to lowercase | |
:%s/.*/\u& Sets first letter of each line to uppercase | |
:%s/.*/\l& Sets first letter of each line to lowercase | |
Read/Write files | |
:1,10 w outfile Saves lines 1 to 10 in outfile | |
:1,10 w >> outfile Appends lines 1 to 10 to outfile | |
:r infile Insert the content of infile | |
:23r infile Insert the content of infile under line 23 | |
File explorer | |
:e . Open integrated file explorer | |
:Sex Split window and open integrated file explorer | |
:Sex! Same as :Sex but split window vertically | |
:browse e Graphical file explorer | |
:ls List buffers | |
:cd .. Move to parent directory | |
:args List files | |
:args *.php Open file list | |
:grep expression *.php Returns a list of .php files contening expression | |
gf Open file name under cursor | |
Interact with Unix | |
:!pwd Execute the pwd unix command, then returns to Vi | |
!!pwd Execute the pwd unix command and insert output in file | |
:sh Temporary returns to Unix | |
$exit Retourns to Vi | |
Alignment | |
:%!fmt Align all lines | |
!}fmt Align all lines at the current position | |
5!!fmt Align the next 5 lines | |
Tabs/Windows | |
:tabnew Creates a new tab | |
gt Show next tab | |
:tabfirst Show first tab | |
:tablast Show last tab | |
:tabm n(position) Rearrange tabs | |
:tabdo %s/foo/bar/g Execute a command in all tabs | |
:tab ball Puts all open files in tabs | |
:new abc.txt Edit abc.txt in new window | |
Window spliting | |
:e filename Edit filename in current window | |
:split filename Split the window and open filename | |
ctrl-w up arrow Puts cursor in top window | |
ctrl-w ctrl-w Puts cursor in next window | |
ctrl-w_ Maximize current window vertically | |
ctrl-w| Maximize current window horizontally | |
ctrl-w= Gives the same size to all windows | |
10 ctrl-w+ Add 10 lines to current window | |
:vsplit file Split window vertically | |
:sview file Same as :split in readonly mode | |
:hide Close current window | |
:nly Close all windows, excepted current | |
:b 2 Open #2 in this window | |
Auto-completion | |
Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (in insert mode) Complete word | |
Ctrl+x Ctrl+l Complete line | |
:set dictionary=dict Define dict as a dictionnary | |
Ctrl+x Ctrl+k Complete with dictionnary | |
Marks | |
m {a-z} Marks current position as {a-z} | |
' {a-z} Move to position {a-z} | |
'' Move to previous position | |
Abbreviations | |
:ab mail mail@provider.org Define mail as abbreviation of mail@provider.org | |
Text indent | |
:set autoindent Turn on auto-indent | |
:set smartindent Turn on intelligent auto-indent | |
:set shiftwidth=4 Defines 4 spaces as indent size | |
ctrl-t, ctrl-d Indent/un-indent in insert mode | |
>> Indent | |
<< Un-indent | |
=% Indent the code between parenthesis | |
1GVG= Indent the whole file | |
Syntax highlighting | |
:syntax on Turn on syntax highlighting | |
:syntax off Turn off syntax highlighting | |
:set syntax=perl Force syntax highlighting |
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