advent_of_code_2022_day_14_faster.nim

import tables, strutils, sequtils, math, sugar, strformat

type 
    StopAction = enum Continue, Put, Discard
    Point = tuple[x: int, y: int]
    Cave = object
        map: Table[Point, char]
        bounds: tuple[min: Point, max: Point]

proc `-`(p1, p2: Point): Point = (p1.x - p2.x, p1.y - p2.y)
proc `+`(p1, p2: Point): Point = (p1.x + p2.x, p1.y + p2.y)
proc normalize(p: Point): Point = (sgn(p.x), sgn(p.y))

proc bounds(map: Table[Point, char]): (Point, Point) =
    let (xs, ys) = map.keys.toSeq.unzip
    ((min(xs), min(ys)), (max(xs), max(ys))) 

proc outsideCave(cave: Cave, p: Point): StopAction =
    let (min, max) = cave.bounds

    if p.x < min.x or p.x > max.x or p.y < min.y or p.y > max.y:
        Discard
    else:
        Continue

proc belowTheFloor(cave: Cave, p: Point): StopAction =
    if p.y == cave.bounds.max.y + 1:
        Put
    else:
        Continue

proc loadCave(input: seq[string]): Cave =
    for line in input:
        let path = line.split(" -> ")
                        .mapIt(it.split(",").mapIt(parseInt(it)))
                        .mapIt((x: it[0], y: it[1]))
        for idx in 0..<path.len-1:
            var current = path[idx]
            let stop = path[idx+1]
            let vector = (stop - current).normalize
            while current != stop:
                result.map[current] = '#'
                current = current + vector
            result.map[stop] = '#'
    result.map[(500, 0)] = '+'
    result.bounds = bounds(result.map)

proc drawCave(cave: Cave): void =
    let (minPoint, maxPoint) = bounds(cave.map)

    for y in minPoint.y..maxPoint.y:
        echo (minPoint.x..maxPoint.x).mapIt(cave.map.getOrDefault((it, y), '.')).join

proc moveDown(p: Point, cave: Cave): Point =
    for next in [p + (0, 1), p + (-1, 1), p + (1, 1)]:
        if not cave.map.hasKey(next):
            return next
    return p

proc dropSand(cave: var Cave, stopFn: (c: Cave, p: Point) -> StopAction): bool =
    var current = (500, 0)
    var next = moveDown(current, cave)
    
    if current == next:
        cave.map[next] = 'o'
        return false

    while true:
        if current == next:
            cave.map[next] = 'o'
            return true

        case stopFn(cave, next):
            of Discard:
                return false
            of Put:
                cave.map[next] = 'o'
                return true
            of Continue:
                discard

        current = next
        next = moveDown(current, cave)

proc dropAllSand(cave: Cave, stopFn: (c: Cave, p: Point) -> StopAction): Cave =
    var currentCave = cave

    while true:
        if not dropSand(currentCave, stopFn):
            break
    currentCave
    
let cave = loadCave("day-14/input.txt".lines.toSeq)

let filledCave = dropAllSand(cave, outsideCave)

drawCave(filledCave)

let atRestCount = filledCave.map.values.toSeq.filterIt(it == 'o').len

echo fmt"Number of units of sand at rest after cave is filled: {atRestCount}"

let caveWithFloor = dropAllSand(cave, belowTheFloor)

drawCave(caveWithFloor)

let atRestCountWithFloor = caveWithFloor.map.values.toSeq.filterIt(it == 'o').len

echo fmt"Number of units of sand at rest after cave is filled from floor: {atRestCountWithFloor}"