Problem solving is a core skill for software engineers. Whether you are debugging something in a code base, or working through an interview challenge, you will need to have a plan in place for how to approach the problem. Without one, you may find yourself quickly getting stuck or distracted by unrelated issues. Worse - during an in-person interview, you might find it difficult to stay on track, focused and able to scope the problem. Having a well rehearsed process will help you come accross as confident and professional.
The problem solving process is based on mathematician George Pólya's technique read more
Most the details will be specific to whiteboarding problems, but the general technique can be used for any problem solving scenario
If this technique fails, Pólya advises "If you can't solve a problem, then there is an easier problem you can solve: find it." Or: "If you cannot solve the proposed problem