Please see other gists for updated information. https://gist.github.com/XenoPanther/15d8fad49fbd51c6bd946f2974084ef8
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Windows ReFS versions
Version number is reported by fsutil fsinfo refsinfo, available on Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016.
- Version of formatted by Windows Server 2012.
- Version 1.1 is used already in Windows Server 8 Beta. I have never seen version 1.0.
- Can use and store alternate data streams, when mount on 8.1/2012 R2 or later.
- Version of formatted by Windows 8.1, Windows 10 v1507 to v1607, Windows Server 2012 R2, and when specified ReFSv1 on Windows Server 2016 or later.
- Cannot use alternate data streams, when mount on 2012.
- Version that can be formatted with Windows 10 Technical Preview build 9841 to 9860 and Windows Server 2016 TP1 (It's not default). Could not mount in 10 9879 or 2016 TP2 and later.
- Version that can be formatted with Windows 10 Technical Preview build 9879 (It's not default). Could not mount in 9926 and later.
- Version that can be formatted with Windows 10 Technical Preview build 9926 (It's not default). Could not mount in 10041 and later.
- Version that can be formatted with Windows 10 Technical Preview build 10041 to 10049 (It's not default). Could not mount in 10061 and later.
- Version of formatted by Windows Server 2016 TP2/TP3.
- Version that can be formatted with between Windows 10 Technical Preview build 10061 or later and earlier than 10130 (It's not default). Could not mount in Windows 10 Insider Preview build 10130 and later, or Windows Server 2016 TP4 and later.
ReFS v2 Overview
http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/SDC15_presentations/file_sys/JRTipton_ReFS_v2.pdf
http://www.snia.org/events/storage-developer/presentations15#file_sys
- Version of formatted by Windows Server 2016 TP4/TP5.
- Upgrade to 3.1 when writable mount from Windows Server 2016 RTM.
- Version of formatted by Windows Server 2016.
- Version of formatted by Windows 10 v1703.
- Version that can be formatted with Windows 10 Insider Preview 15002 or later (It's not default at 15002) and Windows Server Insider Preview build 16237.
- It became the default between after than 15002 and 15019 or earlier.
- Version of formatted by Windows 10 Enterprise v1709 and Windows Server version 1709.
- Version of formatted by Windows 10 Enterprise Insider Preview build 16257 and Windows Server Insider Preview build 16257.
- Version of formatted by Windows 10 Enterprise v1803, Windows Server 2019 and Windows Server version 1803.
- Version of formatted by Windows 10 Enterprise Insider Preview build 17083 and Windows Server Insider Preview build 17079.
- Version of formatted by Windows 10 Enterprise Insider Preview build 19536 and Windows Server Insider Preview build 19551.
- Added hardlink support if fresh formatted volume.
- Can't use hardlink if upgraded from previous version.
- Upgrade to 3.6 when writable mount from Windows 10 Insider Preview build 21292.
- Version of formatted by Windows 10 Enterprise Insider Preview build 21292 and Windows Server Insider Preview build 20282.
- Upgrade to 3.7 when writable mount from Windows 10 Insider Preview build 21313.
- Version of formatted by Windows 11 Enterprise v21H2 and Windows Server 2022.
- Version of formatted by Windows 10 Enterprise Insider Preview build 21313 and Windows Server Insider Preview build 20303.
- Version of formatted by Windows 11 Enterprise v22H2.
- Version of formatted by Windows 11 Enterprise Insider Preview build 22598 and Windows Server Insider Preview build 25099.
- Added post process compression with LZ4 & ZSTD, transparent decompression.
| ReFS\Windows | 2012 | 8.1/2012 R2 | 10 v1507 | 2016 | 10 v1703 | 10 v1709 | 10 v1803/2019 | 11 v21H2/2022 | 11 v21H2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1 | Yes | Yes1 | Yes1 | Yes1 | Yes1 | Yes1 | Yes1 | Yes1 | Yes1 |
| 1.2 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 3.1 | No | No | No | Yes | Yes2 | Yes3 | Yes4 | Yes56 | Yes76 |
| 3.2 | No | No | Yes | Yes3 | Yes4 | Yes56 | Yes76 | ||
| 3.3 | No | No | Yes | Yes4 | Yes56 | Yes76 | |||
| 3.4 | No | Yes | Yes56 | Yes76 | |||||
| 3.7 | No | Yes | Yes8 | ||||||
| 3.9 | No | Yes |
Notes
Empty filed is "I don't know. I haven't tested.".
License: CC BY
Footnotes
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"Volume "?:" was mounted in an older version of Windows. Some features may be lost." was recorded to event log when writable mount. I don't know what's been lost. ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8
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Upgrade to 3.2 when writable mount. ↩
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Upgrade to 3.9 when writable mount. Can't mount read-only. ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4
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Upgrade to 3.9 when writable mount. ↩
バージョン番号はWindows 10とWindows Server 2016で使用可能なfsutil fsinfo refsinfoで報告されるもの。
- Windows Server 2012でフォーマットしたバージョン。
- Windows Server 8 Betaの時点で1.1であり1.0の存在は不明。
- 8.1/2012 R2以降でマウントした場合はAlternate Data Stream使用可能。
- Windows 8.1、Windows 10 v1507からv1607、Windows Server 2012 R2でフォーマットしたとき、およびWindows Server 2016以降でReFSv1を指定してフォーマットしたときのバージョン。
- 2012でマウントした場合はAlternate Data Stream使用不可。
- Windows 10 TP ビルド9841から9860とWindows Server 2016 TP1でフォーマット可能なバージョン（デフォルトではない）。10 9879/ 2016 TP2以降ではマウント不可。
- Windows 10 TP ビルド9879でフォーマット可能なバージョン（デフォルトではない）。9926以降ではマウント不可。
- Windows 10 TP ビルド9926でフォーマット可能なバージョン（デフォルトではない）。10041以降ではマウント不可。
- Windows 10 TP ビルド10041から10049でフォーマット可能なバージョン（デフォルトではない）。10061以降ではマウント不可。
- Windows Server 2016 TP2/TP3でフォーマットしたバージョン。
- Windows 10 TP ビルド10061から10130より前でフォーマット可能なバージョン（デフォルトではない）。10 10130以降、2016 TP4以降ではマウント不可。
ReFS v2の概要
http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/SDC15_presentations/file_sys/JRTipton_ReFS_v2.pdf
http://www.snia.org/events/storage-developer/presentations15#file_sys
- Windows Server 2016 TP4/TP5でフォーマットしたバージョン。
- Windows Server 2016から書き込み可能でマウントすると3.1にアップグレードされる。
- Windows Server 2016でフォーマットしたバージョン。
- Windows 10 v1703でフォーマットしたバージョン。
- Windows 10 Insider Preview ビルド15002およびWindows Server Insider Preview ビルド16237でフォーマット可能なバージョン（15002ではデフォルトではない）。
- 15002より後、15019までの間にデフォルトになった。
- Windows 10 Enterprise v1709およびWindows Server version ビルド1709でフォーマットしたバージョン。
- Windows 10 Enterprise Insider Preview ビルド16257およびWindows Server Insider Previewビルド16257でフォーマットしたバージョン。
- Windows 10 Enterprise v1803、Windows Server 2019およびWindows Server version 1803でフォーマットしたバージョン。
- Windows 10 Enterprise Insider Preview ビルド17083およびWindows Server Insider Preview ビルド17079でフォーマットしたバージョン。
- Windows 10 Enterprise Insider Preview ビルド19536およびWindows Server Insider Previewビルド19551でフォーマットしたバージョン。
- 新規フォーマットした場合に限りハードリンク使用可能。
- 3.5未満からアップグレードした場合は使用不可。
- Windows 10 Insider Preview ビルド21292から書き込み可能でマウントすると3.6にアップグレードされる。
- Windows 10 Enterprise Insider Preview 21292およびWindows Server Insider Previewビルド20282でフォーマットしたバージョン。
- Windows 10 Insider Preview ビルド21313から書き込み可能でマウントすると3.7にアップグレードされる。
- Windows 11 Enterprise v21H2およびWindows Server 2022でフォーマットしたバージョン。
- Windows 10 Enterprise Insider Preview 21313およびWindows Server Insider Previewビルド20303でフォーマットしたバージョン。
- Windows 11 Enterprise v22H2でフォーマットしたバージョン。
- Windows 11 Enterprise Insider Preview 22598およびWindows Server Insider Previewビルド25099でフォーマットしたバージョン。
- LZ4 & ZSTDによる事後圧縮と透過伸長が追加。
| ReFS\Windows | 2012 | 8.1/2012 R2 | 10 v1507 | 2016 | 10 v1703 | 10 v1709 | 10 v1803/2019 | 11 v21H2/2022 | 11 v21H2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1 | Yes | Yes1 | Yes1 | Yes1 | Yes1 | Yes1 | Yes1 | Yes1 | Yes1 |
| 1.2 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 3.1 | No | No | No | Yes | Yes2 | Yes3 | Yes4 | Yes56 | Yes76 |
| 3.2 | No | No | Yes | Yes3 | Yes4 | Yes56 | Yes76 | ||
| 3.3 | No | No | Yes | Yes4 | Yes56 | Yes76 | |||
| 3.4 | No | Yes | Yes56 | Yes76 | |||||
| 3.7 | No | Yes | Yes8 | ||||||
| 3.9 | No | Yes |
空欄は「テストしてないので分かりません」を意味します。
License: CC BY
Footnotes
The table last column should be "11 v22H2", no?
Is there any way to get data back from an upgraded/corrupted ReFS? I got REFS_FILE_SYSTEM bsod on first boot with win11 and now the refs.sys driver bsods every time i boot it
As a first step, I would try to install a brand new Win11 into a separate partition, in order to see if it boots and if ReFS volume is accessible from there.
@beppe9000
I would try using DMDE for this. First use it to create full disk image and then try to use it or similar tool to recover data from this image.
Also I wouldn't risk installing anything as in previous comment. Safer to use WinPE or put drive in another PC in order to make 1:1 image of it.
I noticed that the system protection is not available for ReFS partitions, system protection is known to use shadow copies technology, does ReFS support shadow copies technology? If so, how do I enable system protection?
@YexuanXiao ReFS supports VSS yet the implementation of VSS is not complete on the UI level. This belongs to system protection, as well as right click VSS settings per volume (VSSAdmin) in Explorer. this is simply missing. You can still use VSS with applications and vssadmin on command line.
There's a new version.
Would you please include Windows Server in that compatibility table? I have recently had a problem with ReFS being updated to 3.9 in a Windows Server 2022 deployment which does not support anything above 3.7.
After testing, ReFS 3.10 is no longer compatible with ReFS 3.4.
Windows11 Insider Build 26002 brings ReFS version 3.12.
Unfortunately, 26002 does not support booting a system from a ReFS 3.12 volume.
After a Windows Update from Windows 10 22H2 to Windows 11 23H2 build 22631.2715, a ReFS volume (mirrored storage space) became inaccessible. The event log is full of entries like "Volume X: is formatted as ReFS but ReFS is unable to mount it; ReFS encountered status The file system encountered a metadata file with inconsistent data."
ReFS was version 3.4 when it was created six months ago. I do not know if it silently updated to a newer version after that. fsutil fsinfo refsinfo x: now gives "Error: The file system encountered a metadata file with inconsistent data. A local REFS volume is required for this operation."
It is obviously a disgrace that a simple Windows Update can (again) break ReFS. Perhaps the experts here have some suggestions?
I posted about this experience at https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-11/refs-volume-inaccessible-after-update-from-windows-10-22h2-to/m-p/3999414
Just the other day, I had a BSoD caused by ReFS.sys when I connected my Windows 10 storage space (4 HDDs with ReFS format) to the SATA interfaces of my newly installed Windows 11 PC.
Probably a similar problem.
By then performing a clean install of Windows 10 on this PC with no hardware configuration changes, I have confirmed that this storage space can be mounted successfully.
BSoD caused by ReFS.sys when I connected my Windows 10 storage space (4 HDDs with ReFS format) to the SATA interfaces of my newly installed Windows 11 PC.
By then performing a clean install of Windows 10 on this PC with no hardware configuration changes, I have confirmed that this storage space can be mounted successfully.
- It looks like a block device or block device driver incompatibility to me. There is a good chance that you get ntfs.sys related BSOD in case you had NTFS on top of the very same pool/array.
It is quite unfortunate I cannot give exact versions. After updating to the latest canary from the existing latest canary (no new canary as of writing this), my PC would boot loop several times with a BSOD message involving REFS, so I assumed it was due to the dev drive. In my attempt to stop the looping and get back to normal, I reverted the update and it took me back to Build 26016.rs_prerelease.231208-1532.
It worked fine without any crashes, but windows settings didn't open, start menu didn't open, basically nothing on the taskbar except for Win+X and search worked. So I could open other apps through run, and taskbar icons
After trying all forums, I decided to clean install. That was my only option as the ISO available on device wasn't an insider build and is an early version, 21H2 and so has no dev drive support
After clean installing, I updated to 23606.1000 on the dev channel and my Dev drive is not working and asking for a format and I cannot lose my files
What to do?
I've tried refsutil and it gave the following error
The volume is an unsupported ReFS version. This utility supports versions up to 3.9. Volume is 3.12.
It is quite unfortunate I cannot give exact versions. After updating to the latest canary from the existing latest canary (no new canary as of writing this), my PC would boot loop several times with a BSOD message involving REFS, so I assumed it was due to the dev drive. In my attempt to stop the looping and get back to normal, I reverted the update and it took me back to Build 26016.rs_prerelease.231208-1532.
It worked fine without any crashes, but windows settings didn't open, start menu didn't open, basically nothing on the taskbar except for Win+X and search worked. So I could open other apps through run, and taskbar icons
After trying all forums, I decided to clean install. That was my only option as the ISO available on device wasn't an insider build and is an early version, 21H2 and so has no dev drive support
After clean installing, I updated to 23606.1000 on the dev channel and my Dev drive is not working and asking for a format and I cannot lose my files
What to do?
I've tried refsutil and it gave the following error The volume is an unsupported ReFS version. This utility supports versions up to 3.9. Volume is 3.12.
This is an unfortunate news, but don't worry, your data is safe. Build 26002 introduced ReFS 3.12, but Build 23606 only supports the old version of ReFS, which is not backward compatible. Since you used the dev drive on Build 26016, the dev drive uses ReFS 3.12, so you cannot access it on Build 23606. There's two solutions: The first is that you should try to reinstall Build 26002 or Build 26016, as Build 26002 is the first version to provide ReFS 3.12. If it can start, then you can directly access the dev drive. The second method requires more complex operations. I suggest using it only when the first solution is not feasible. First, you need to create an installation USB drive for Build 26002 or Build 26016 (a third-party WindowsPE startup disk with a graphical interface is also feasible), and then prepare a storage device that is large enough to contain all the files you want to keep. Then boot from this USB drive, press shift+f10 at the Windows installation program, a cmd window will open. At this point, you can use cmd to access the dev drive and transfer the files from the dev drive to the backup device.
It is quite unfortunate I cannot give exact versions. After updating to the latest canary from the existing latest canary (no new canary as of writing this), my PC would boot loop several times with a BSOD message involving REFS, so I assumed it was due to the dev drive. In my attempt to stop the looping and get back to normal, I reverted the update and it took me back to Build 26016.rs_prerelease.231208-1532.
It worked fine without any crashes, but windows settings didn't open, start menu didn't open, basically nothing on the taskbar except for Win+X and search worked. So I could open other apps through run, and taskbar icons
After trying all forums, I decided to clean install. That was my only option as the ISO available on device wasn't an insider build and is an early version, 21H2 and so has no dev drive support
After clean installing, I updated to 23606.1000 on the dev channel and my Dev drive is not working and asking for a format and I cannot lose my files
What to do?
I've tried refsutil and it gave the following error The volume is an unsupported ReFS version. This utility supports versions up to 3.9. Volume is 3.12.This is an unfortunate news, but don't worry, your data is safe. Build 26002 introduced ReFS 3.12, but Build 23606 only supports the old version of ReFS, which is not backward compatible. Since you used the dev drive on Build 26016, the dev drive uses ReFS 3.12, so you cannot access it on Build 23606. There's two solutions: The first is that you should try to reinstall Build 26002 or Build 26016, as Build 26002 is the first version to provide ReFS 3.12. If it can start, then you can directly access the dev drive. The second method requires more complex operations. I suggest using it only when the first solution is not feasible. First, you need to create an installation USB drive for Build 26002 or Build 26016 (a third-party WindowsPE startup disk with a graphical interface is also feasible), and then prepare a storage device that is large enough to contain all the files you want to keep. Then boot from this USB drive, press shift+f10 at the Windows installation program, a cmd window will open. At this point, you can use cmd to access the dev drive and transfer the files from the dev drive to the backup device.
Followed through and updated to 26016 again, started to BSOD again with Stop Code REFS_FILE_SYSTEM
I managed to copy my essentials when it wasn't crashing and finally got rid of the partition.
I'm still on 26016 with no failures yet after deleting the dev drive
Thanks @YexuanXiao
Using a refs leads a a huge problem when rolling back windows updates. If they version is updated, you have no way to regain the data but to update to the version you rolled back from
Just chiming in to say that a REFS 3.4 volume cannot be seen by Windows 11 23H2.
refsutil reports no problem
Event Log says "The file system detected an allocation inconsistency on volume X:"
Apparently W11 / 26052 introduced ReFS V 3.14.
Agreed.
Understand this is a voluntary gist not related to official documentation, do you @0xbadfca11 to update this to reflect the changes happened post 3.9?
What should be the source of information (except the changing version numbers)? The official documentation hasn't seen update for more than a year.
Tbf, that page is open to contributions, but I'm imagining something like this gist would never be accepted.
So you are suggesting to make contributions to Microsoft documentation based on.. what? Some guesswork?
Is observed behavior guesswork?
Yes, as any empiricism.
I declare this article to be outdated.
I'm depressed and can't do activity right now. Also cannot promise
anything about future updates.
I declare this article to be outdated. I'm depressed and can't do activity right now. Also cannot promise anything about future updates.
Hope you will get better soon! Thanks the initial work!!!
I declare this article to be outdated. I'm depressed and can't do activity right now. Also cannot promise anything about future updates.
That is unfortunate to hear; I wish you the best. Thank you for your work, it is much appreciated.
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thanks for the reply. It is a fresh formatted volume in my case (on a storage spaces virtual disk). I will retry with a different disk on Monday and see if it makes a difference.