Technology preferences / tech prefs.

Tech prefs.md

My Technology Preferences

Hardware

A PC laptop/notebook with 16+ GB RAM, Nvidia GPU for stability (hardware manufacturers seem notoriously bad at software, but Nvidia is relatively good if you ignore the Experience app that demands your data, and training AI needs 50 GB VRAM nowadays but 80 GB is 10x the price of 24 GB), Linux and Wine and/or Windows 10 > expensive, hard-to-customize MacBook with MacOS (needs Spectacle and HyperSwitch to almost be as good as Windows 10), flimsy adapter wire and too many proprietary connectors. Preferably a 14+" matte Full HD (UHD is only useful at 23+" or equivalent in VR) Super AMOLED (except that burns in) display with Cinema 3D like the LG D2342P and Thunderbolt 3 ports like the Dell XPS 13 9370 or the superior in that role MacBook Air M1 (if like MacBook Pro 14", with excellent audio at the cost of being magnetic so potentially wrecking HDDs. Apple hates data that isn't in their cloud.) or customizable upgradable Framework Laptop. Fingerprint scanners are nice as long as your skin is as dry as when you set them, and adaptive brightness using ambient light sensors like in the iPhone 12 make it nice on the eyes without manual brightness adjustment. 700 nits (cd/m2) is required for working outside on sunny days. 38 nits is barely visible in the shade, but too bright at night. Speaking of peace: Silence anonymous and noncontact numbers with "do not disturb" mode and only allow select groups, or set no tone as default and only assign ringtones to friends, or simply use the silence function on an iPhone or do-not-disturb/priority mode on Android.

Storage

• A solid state drive (SSD) uses no moving parts and thus is resistant to bumps unlike a hard disk drive (HDD). To upgrade your old drive to a bigger one:
  1. Note the type of storage supported by your device. Laptops in 2023 tend to use PCIe Gen 3.0 x4 M-key (B-key is 2x) NVMe M.2 2280 SSDs, but there are older and smaller versions.
  2. If you didn't buy your new drive from a reputable seller, test its capacity!
  3. Use a tool like Rufus to make a bootable USB drive with a Rescuezilla ISO (named for the optical disk standard) image.
  4. Reboot your PC and press F11 or such (check your model's manual) while it's starting to open the boot menu.
  5. Choose GPT or whichever option is not your system drive and looks most like your new bootable USB drive. If it isn't listed, reboot and press the key to enter your UEFI or BIOS settings, enable booting from USB, and retry step 2. You could also change boot order if you can't press the boot menu key in time.
  6. Clone your old source drive to your new destination drive.
  7. Open Gparted, select your destination drive, and expand your old data partition (don't align and drag the area to cover all unallocated area) after moving any blocking partition to the end (set bytes from end to 0).
  8. Shutdown the PC and remove the cables.
  9. Open your PC using a YouTube guide to show where the screws and annoying plastic clips are and a prying tool (a putty knife doesn't break but might scratch your trim) to unclip those. Put the screws in the proper order in a tray you won't bump. Note any different lengths. My NVMe SSD enclosure for the old one came with a good little screwdriver. A magnetic bit screwdriver is also useful to pick up fallen screws.
  10. Note any screws, tape and/or pads holding your old drive, and replace with the new drive. System drives are small sticklike NVMe SSDs nowadays and cheaper storage is still often a 2.5" HDD.
  11. Snap the lid back in place (optional if the drives are secure and your working area clean and nonconductive - Ground yourself by touching the chassis.), reconnect the cables, and power on the PC. In Windows, you can run chkdsk a couple of times on the new drive (File Explorer, This machine, drive properties, Tools) to make sure it's good.
  12. Keep the old drive as backup or external drive using an enclosure.

Data on an unpowered SSD should be safe for 2 years but Oracle recommends checking it every month. Depending on manufacturing quality, SSD hardware should function for 5 years or 600 times its capacity of writes.

Short-Term Memory

Laptops use SODIMM format RAM with a latency of for example 2 half wavelengths / 2666 MHz * 19 column address strobe latency * 1000 = 14.25 nanoseconds, -14.17 = 0.08 ns slower than 2400 MHz CL 17. CPU-Z can show you your current RAM slot occupancy, type, and timings.

While upgrading your RAM, push aside the holding clips to release the sticks.

Power Plug & Socket

1. Type N - Type J but more compact. No insulated pins, depending on recessed socket alone, except in South Africa.
2. Type J - Type N but less compact and with insulated pins.
3. Type L - Most compact, but not polarized.
4. Type C - Compact, but not grounded to stop leaks or polarized to contain voltage.
5. Type E - Polarized Type F.
6. Type F - Recessed socket, so better insulated pins than Type G. Symmertrical/non-polarized so plugs can be inserted upside-down, potentially spreading voltage where it should not be if not using a double pole switch. A fused power strip can be added.
7. Type G - Fused, polarized, sometimes insulated pins despite non-recessed sockets, and grounded, but bulky and unsafe to step on. G shutters are neat and probably require less effort to use than F/Schuko shutters.
8. Type B - Grounded & bulkier Type A.
9. Type A - Polarized power plug, so the voltage should be on the same pin, allowing cheaper switches. Flat prongs only go up to 127 V.

Batteries

1. Hengwei Super Heavy Duty Long Life AAA 12-2013 from my Chinese flashlight still working perfectly in 12-2021.
2. Panasonic Essential Power AA-LR6 Alkaline 01-2013 could still power a radio-controlled alarm clock well in 01-2022, but not its light.

Software

Operating System

1. Linux Mint Cinnamon - Free, light, and easy. Mint comes with dark themes, automated backup (supposedly) and update apps, and enough space for /boot, unlike Xubuntu 16. (Ubuntu) Linux has poor driver support for the latest consumer hardware like r8153 ethernet via USB-C dock, but a kernel update can fix that. Another myriad of tools like Ukuu and Mainline make that easy. Boot manager: GRUB?; shell: zsh using oh-my-zsh or p10k which explains that terminals sending SIGWINCH don't trigger enough backspaces to properly redraw wrapped prompts (or rather Fish which might be less dangerously obtuse); greeter: LightDM?; screen locker: Light-Locker?; app launcher: ArcMenu; menu editor: MenuLibre; file manager: Nemo; terminal: xfce4-terminal - dynamic wrap and paste warning; border style: Mint-Y-Dark-Red; panel style: Adwaita-dark; icons: Humanity-Dark; wallpaper: Burrard Inlet; file system: ZFS. ls -l and df -h/duf/ncdu replace dir/WizTree. Size, speed, and security-wise: Deb > Flatpak > Snap > AppImage. Beware of Snap malware.
2. Windows 10 - Easy. More third-party software. Just works, mostly.
3. Windows 11 - Windows 10 but less flexible.
4. TrueOS (was PC-BSD) - More configurable than MacOS. Dead now though. MidnightBSD then?
5. MacOS - Trendy but terrible.
6. Android - Huawei > Xiaomi (Poco prone to boot loops, possibly related to lack of free space. Hold Vol Up + Power until boot menu appears, and press power twice to reboot to system. Safe mode also works to remove dodgy apps and screenshots etc via USB.) > Samsung (sharp) > Sony (sharp, poor adaptive brightness, poor support) > HTC (not even flat).
7. iOS - Cluttered.
8. FreeBSD - Revel in the '80s.

For old PCs that may need a new CR2032 CMOS battery to keep settings or time:

• 1990s:
  • Damn Small Linux runs on a 486 CPU and 8 MB RAM.
  • KolibriOS runs in 8 MB RAM, 1 MB storage, Pentium.
  • ReactOS runs Windows apps on a Pentium with 32 MB RAM and 350 MB storage.
  • Tiny Core Linux runs on an i486DX with 46 or even 28 MB RAM and 11 MB storage.
• 2000s:
  • Haiku runs BeOS and ported Linux apps on a 400 MHz Pentium 2 with 128 MB RAM and 1 GB storage.
  • AntiX needs 128+ MB RAM and 0.7+ GB storage
  • Lubuntu uses LXDE which is about as light as E17 so 512 MB RAM works.
• 2010s:
  • Mint Xfce needs 2 GB RAM and 20 GB storage.

DevOps

-aaS = -as-a-Service:

SaaS (Software, like Gmail) > FaaS (Functions, like your API) > PaaS (Platform, environment managed by AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Heroku, or Red Hat OpenShift) > IaaS (Infrastructure, like a physical server managed by AWS, Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud. Expensive.)

To automate installing software: (Cloud sandbox) Terraform (declarative, so clear total state in a single script with no run order issues like procedural tools) > Ansible > SaltStack > Puppet > Chef > (local sandbox) Podman > Docker.

In normal Podman rootless mode, disable Docker socker compatibility mode in Podman Desktop & reboot when ERR_EMPTY_RESPONSE keeps showing on managed MacOS Chrome.

K3s demo HA = High-Availability, presumably by automatic failover. k3s = k8s but lean, 10x faster by eliminating bloat like drivers. k8s = Kubernetes, Ansible for container management? Ansible = YAML-based script runner to install and configure software.

Azure Pipelines - Optionally self-hosted & gratis. > CircleCI > GitHub Actions - Free as in beer (gratis). Managed. Or not. > GitLab CI/CD - Free as in speech (open). Simple. > Tekton modular and scalable > Jenkins > Travis CI - Not free.

Language

1. Mojo - As easy as Python but faster than C thanks to being designed for SIMD.
2. V - Similar to but faster than Nim and anything else at "realistic" benchmarks. Compiles to C or JS. Cross-platform native GUIs, default code formatter, tester, ORM, REPL, C(++) imports, hot code reloads, and compiles itself in less than a second!
3. Nim - Fast, free, and clean. Compiles to C, C++, or JS. More lively than Boo, Cobra, and Genie.
4. Julia - Fast, free, cleanish (end instead of {}), friendly colorful REPL with autocomplete and great built-in help almost as good as that of QBASIC (which has linked suggestions and mouse support). Optional cludgy 1-based indices, though.
5. Kotlin - Compiles faster than Scala (seconds vs minutes) to JVM, JS, or ASM. Kotlin is an excellent all-round language for cross-platform, web, and speed.
6. Go - Compiles faster but runs slightly slower than Rust but garbage-collected and cleaner. Not as mature or as many compile targets as Kotlin, seemingly bug-prone defer instead of try...catch...finally.
7. Python - "There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it." but has too many similar frameworks (even package managers) and implementations. CPython default implementation is pretty slow. Some implementations like PyPy, Jython, IronPython, Brython, PyPy.js, Skulpt, Transcrypt, Pyodide, Pyjs (formerly Pyjamas, currently dead) etc., etc. might run faster, but static compilation is possible using Cython, Pythran, Nuitka, Numba, Shed Skin, Transonic, LPython, etc.. Libraries like Pandas (sort of Excel for programs) and Keras (deep learning) are fast already.
8. CoffeeScript - Cleaner JavaScript.
9. TypeScript - Safer JavaScript. Better than Haxe. No UTF8?! UTF16 is faster. "\xF0\x9F\x91\xA9\xF0\x9F\x8F\xBE\xE2\x80\x8D\xF0\x9F\x9A\x80" properly turns into 👩🏾‍🚀 using utf8.js but that still leaves '👦🏾'.split(/.*?/u); // [ "👦", "🏾" ], requiring an additional 3rd-party library like grapheme-splitter which is now outdated by graphemer which luckily isn't needed if the user uses anything but Firefox so can const splitEmoji = (string) => [...new Intl.Segmenter().segment(string)].map(x => x.segment).
10. JavaScript / NodeJS - Ubiquitous and easy when not addled by excess frameworks. npm or yarn? Poor async stack traces. No UTF8. 6+ Node version managers! Annoying object print and dangerous parseInt!
11. Groovy - Cleaner Java but messy string escaping due to default interpolation. Still deemed safe enough to use for Netflix, MasterCard, and cancer research.
12. PHP - Quick but too dirty and dangerous.
13. Vala - LGPL 2.1 FLOSS (Free, Libre, Open Source Software), UTF8 strings by default.
14. Jakt - Safer C++.
15. Carbon - Another better C++ that might hit 1.0 in 2027.
16. C# - VS2017 still fails at formatting Razor. But downloading a file is easier than in Java. Also not more confusing since .NET 6 replaces .NET Core (cross-platform) and .NET Framework (Windows-only, though Linux had Mono.) unless you come across outdated documentation that's crufty as well.
17. Java - Slow to start and too complex. No UTF8?! Poorly tested, still!
18. Visual Basic 6 - Excellent GUI builder but horrible error handling.
19. YAMLScript - Lisp (Clojure) in a popular format!
20. COBOL - More readable than Lisp.
21. Lisp - Cleaner than Swift at downloading files but that's only one of many implementations.
22. Zig - Slightly simpler Rust.
23. Rust - C++ but safer. Comments look overengineered. try...catch not included!
24. Swift - Too much (iOS-specific?) code to download a file. Confusing internal vs external arguments.
25. C++ - No default garbage collection or Unicode strings.
26. C - Like C++ without try...catch.

Linter

1. SonarLint - JS/TS, Python, PHP, Java, C, C++, Go, IaC.
2. axe Accessibility Linter - Accessibility linting for HTML, Angular, React, Markdown, Vue, and React Native.
3. prospector > pylama (also uses radon, complexity tool like mccabe) > flake8. Bandit is also nice or not, and MyPy should prevent iterating the item of a one-item tuple when forgetting the comma.

More can be found via VS Code's extension filter @category:"linters" with @enabled to see which are active.

Formatter

JSON

1. VS Code JSON Language Features - Supports incomplete JSON.
2. Prettier - Doesn't.

Python

1. Black - No config hassle. Changes ' to " where possible to mimic C. 88 char wrap.
2. Blue - Black but with single quotes as default to mimic repr(). 79 char wrap.
3. autopep8 - Doesn't space around operators by default, and leaves long lines alone.
4. YAPF - Uses too many lines by default. Also slow and inconsistent?

Builder

1. Bun - Faster Node with batteries included.
2. Npm
3. Brunch
4. Webpack
5. Gulp
6. Grunt
7. uv - "Cargo for Python" 100x faster than pip.
8. Poetry - Uses requests lib like a goal-focused program should, but can't resume.
9. Pip - Overengineered yet halfassed download logic and incessant nags to update, even to buggy versions.
10. Make - On Windows: winget install GnuWin32.Make and add C:\Program Files (x86)\GnuWin32\bin to PATH.

Automation/Test

1. Git Hooks - Runs triggers in your repo's .git/hooks. Halts on nonzero return code.
2. Playwright - Single package to run the most popular browsers using the most popular languages, like TypeScript. Uses Mocha, Jest, or Jasmine test runners. 4.6x faster than Cypress. Generates code from recording browser sessions. Successor to Puppeteer which only supports the Chrome DevTools protocol. Poor/Microsoft support nonetheless. Freezes when attempting to codegen Stable Diffusion webui.
3. Selenium - Like Playwright but bad at shadow DOM.
4. Robot Framework - Use plain English with spacing to call Python functions with the same name + underscores to call Playwright and/or Selenium.
5. Mocha - Test with JS. Runs in a browser or Node. Prone to async issues. Does handle iframes.
6. Cypress - Runs in browser, so poor iframe support and no tab support. Uses Mocha. JS only.
7. Chai - Adds standard asserts to JS so you can foo.should.be.a('string') instead of if (typeof foo !== 'string') throw "foo not a string" in JS or assert type(foo) == str in Python except if Python is started with the -O option, then assertions will be stripped out and not evaluated!

Form input testing can be optimized using N-wise testing for all the possibilities of any random combination of N factors, and orthogonal arrays to optimize that.

Editor

1. PyCharm - Supports multiple source paths. Sorts lines like Notepad++ and opens 16+ GB files unlike it. Bloated and slow, though, and doesn't catch column of external tool output (e.g. prospector -o pylint or -o emacs) or detect source links at all (yarn). Even its help site vote buttons don't look different after voting. Same interface as IntelliJ except that lacks file support.
2. Visual Studio Code - Free, cross-platform, extendible, preconfigured, and easy except it didn't offer to install Git when opening it from GitLab and has some major inconsistencies and inferior to TortoiseGit. Settings.
3. Notepad++ - Simple and extendible. NppExec has a better output parser than PyCharm or VS Code.
4. PyScripter - Nice Python IDE.
5. TextMate - Doesn't prefill the search text with the selected text like Npp and Geany do.
6. Geany - Almost Notepad++ but its find and replace dialog is terrible.
7. Atom - Too slow and bad search.
8. SciTE - Requires too much configuration. Notepad++ does most of that for you.
9. Sublime Text - I get enough nags online.

Illustrator

1. Photoshop - The best. Even does AI video!
2. Midjourney - Pretty but arcane magic. Presumably fewer deformed results than StableDiffusion.
3. Paint Shop Pro - Powerful and intuitive. My go-to in the '90s.
4. Paint.NET - Free, easy, and colorful! Line tool just works!
5. MS Paint - Easy and comes with Windows, but has the mismatched GUI of Windows.
6. GIMP - Visible cursor location, but how to draw a straight line? Colorless flat interface.
7. Krita - Hard to get cursor location for pixel accuracy. Drawing a straight line is even harder than in GIMP! Hides multiple open images in the Window menu.

Issue Tracker

1. Bugzilla - Hard to set up, but has issue dependencies and votes. Too bad it's written in Perl.
2. Redmine - Ugly by default, but easily fixed, and comes with a Gantt chart.
3. Taskworld - Better than Trello according to comparison chart.
4. Trello - Not enough notifications. No Gantt chart. No issue dependencies.
5. Jira - Too many notifications if combined with Bitbucket. Hard to configure. Unclear who is notified of comments, unlike GitHub.
6. GitHub - No time tracking?
7. GitLab - Outdated documentation. Buttons all over the screen. Not safe for old public projects.

See also these ranked ones. Taiga.io, for example, is open source and free like Bugzilla and Redmine, but looks much nicer! ClickUp also looks nice.

Version Control System (VCS)

1. SmartGit - SourceTree but prettier and cross-platform. Not free for commerce.
2. SourceTree - Free, good overview. Compares commits in different branches. Only for Windows or Mac.
3. GitAhead - Similar to SourceTree but also for Linux. Dark theme. Can't compare uncommited changes. Case-sensitive commit sort. Selected staged file diffs don't autoexpand. Unsupported.
4. TortoiseGit - Explorer shell integration.
5. GitK - Functional but ugly Tcl/Tk interface.
6. GitG - Cleaner and prettier GitK but doesn't autoexpand multi-file diffs.
7. Guitar - Cross-platform Git tree viewer that lacks arbitrary diffs that SourceTree shows. Prettier but harder to use than GitK.
8. GitKraken - Looks over functionality. Hard to switch between commits.
9. GitFiend - Like GitKraken without the file tree.
10. Git Gui - Ugly alternative to the command line. Launches GitK for history.
11. Git - Works offline.
12. GitHub Desktop - Fails to push gists by default due to 5 year old desktop/desktop#2973
13. SVN - Centralized.
14. CVS - No renames. No atomic commits.

Merger

1. TortoiseGitMerge - Windows-only.
2. Meld (brew install meld && /usr/localbin/meld) - "Meld is not yet supported on OS X." No "collapse all" button.
3. DiffMerge (/Applications/DiffMerge.app/Contents/MacOS/DiffMerge) - Ignores binaries!

Style

1. CSS - :root { --margin: 16px; } and margin: calc(var(--margin) / 2) is now standard CSS, but for darken i've only found filter: brightness(9%). Does most things without extra bloat.
2. Stylus - Flexible notation without sigils.
3. Sass - Used to be .sass without braces and spaces but now uses .scss as CSS superset.
4. Less - No functions and confusing sigils.

Markup

1. Pug (was Jade) - Clean HTML.
2. HTML - Flexible but wordy.
3. Markdown - Simple.
4. RST - Older, more complex Markdown.

Frontend Framework

1. VanillaJS - No added complexity. HTML = SPA.
2. HTMX - Allegedly better than Svelte.
3. Svelte - Shorter but compiled Proxy notation.
4. SolidJS - React without the bad parts.
5. React - Modular. Kinda hard. Depends on malware?
6. Vue - Unclear logic blocks. Depends on malware! Malware details.

Backend Framework

1. ASP.NET CoreRT - Fastest of all. Thanks, Microsoft!
2. Pico.v - Fastest at "realistic" benchmarks. Nice rep for V.
3. FastAPI - async with hypercorn or with Uvicorn workers - Fastest Python API. Then again, with 9 workers, plain Gunicorn with PyPy3 did 4437.20 trans/sec vs 2860.23 trans/sec using FastAPI on Uvicorn on PyPy3 according to siege --benchmark --time=20s --concurrent=20 http://127.0.0.1:8001; only 644 tps without > /dev/null. Comes with Swagger for people allergic to Python.
4. Flask - Very popular microframework for Python APIs. Cludgy Swagger support.
5. Falcon - As simple as Flask, though slower unless paired with Cython, Gunicorn, and Meinheld which handles up to 4 times as many requests at up to thrice the max latency. Though way faster in PyPy3.
6. Express - The Flask of NodeJS, but async so more boilerplate code.
7. Pyramid - Flask with more boilerplate.
8. Tornado - Rather complex.
9. Django - Steep learning curve but still popular, maybe having better pydoc mocks for the big framework magic as well.
10. Web2py - In version 2.21.1-stable+timestamp.2020.11.28.04.10.44 installed by PyCharm 2020.3.3 Pro, http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/default/test/dashboard gives no error details and http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/default/errors/dashboard complains about ImportError: No module named applications.dashboard.modules.cStringIO despite Web2Py using from io import StringIO if Python 3 and there being no cStringIO code in the dashboard app according to PyCharm's "Find in Files..." context menu's result window (not the preview that's limited to 100 results!) and grep -Hirn /home/cees/PycharmProjects/web2PyProject/web2py/applications/dashboard. Also slow and bloated.

Content Management System (CMS)

1. WordPress - Popular and easy. Mind unsafe plugins, though.
2. Liferay - Professional Java instead of messy PHP.
3. Joomla - Less known but easy.
4. Drupal - More complex Joomla. Much better than DX.
5. Django - Annoying but still popular. Mezzanine and Wagtail are based on it and work out-of-the-box.
6. HCL DX - Massive enterprise software with lots of courses.

Data

Config

1. TOML - Safer YAML.
2. YAML - Cleaner JSON, but has a spec larger than XML, poor float support, and hates Norway.
3. JSONC - JSON with comments.
4. JSON - Easy and everywhere.
5. XML - Too verbose and dangerous.
6. CSV - Character-Separated Values (semicolons and tabs are less common than commas in string data)
7. INI - Easy. Poor array support.

Audio

1. Opus - 2012. Low latency. Near lossless at 20% FLAC size.
2. AAC - 1997.
3. Vorbis - 2000.
4. MP3 - 1991.
5. FLAC - 2001. Lossless but big.
6. MOD - 1987. Like MIDI but with own samples.
7. MIDI - 1981. Tiny but depends on system wavetable.

Sibilance like essing at 5-8 kHz sounds harsh. Distancing or tilting your mic down 20 degrees helps, as does a pop filter. After de-essing/denoising you should loudness normalize your audio so listeners don't need to keep adjusting their volume settings.

Voice should be 60 to 70 dB. Background music should be mixed lower. THX Certified Receivers reproduce studio Reference Level, 85dB SPL with 20dB of headroom, which can be uncomfortably loud. Spotify adjusts tracks to -14 dB LUFS, according to the ITU 1770 (International Telecommunication Union) standard. Normalizing to album and gaining in playlists, except "The web player and 3rd-party devices (e.g. speakers and TVs) don’t use loudness normalization."

Video

1. AV1 - 2018 open royalty-free video coding format 34% better than VP9. 7,680 x 4,320 @ 120 FPS & 36 bpp for level 6.2.
2. VP9 - 2013 open royalty-free video coding format better than H.265 at UHD. Max 8,192 x 4,352 pixels at 120 FPS and 48 bpp with alpha channel. VP9 uses 16 bits for width and height, for a maximum resolution of 65,536x65,536 pixels. Neither VP9 nor VP8 places any restriction on framerate or datarate.
3. H.265 or MPEG-H Part 2 HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) - Not free. 25% to 50% smaller than H.264. Max 8192×4320 56 bpp including alpha channel since 2019.
4. H.264 or MPEG-4 Part 10 AVC (Advanced Video Coding) - Not free. 3x14 = 42 bpp max. The H.264 standard only recognizes resolutions up to 2,048 x 2,048. Some say 4,096 x 4,096.
5. VP8 - Free alternative to H.264. Excels at streaming but loses at quality. 14 bits for width and height, for a maximum resolution of 16,383x16,383 pixels.
6. MPEG-4 Part 2 Advanced Simple Profile (ASP) - 1999 to 2009. Aka DivX and Xvid.
7. H.263 - Video format from March 1996. Max 16CIF (16 x 352×288 CIF): 1408x960 NTSC; 1408x1152 PAL.
8. JPEG XL - Best lossless single frame. Up to 4100 channels x16 bit and 60% better than JPEG. Royalty-free.
9. HEIC - Based on HEVC, slight gradient banding, 8k (8,192 x 4,320) / 35 megapixel limit. 4x12 = 48 bpp max.
10. FLIF - Lossless only, replaced by FUIF which was replaced by JPEG XL.
11. AVIF - Based on AV1, not to be confused with AVI. 50% smaller than JPEG. 7,680 x 4,320 max. Max 48 bit per pixel.
12. WebP - Based on VP8. Minor gradient banding. 30% smaller than JPEG. 16,383 x 16,383 max. 14x14x32 bit ARGB.
13. JPEG - Lossy only. No animation. Major gradient banding. 16x16x24 bit.
14. PNG - Lossless only. Large at textures. Max 32x32x64 bit RGBA.
15. GIF - Lossless only. Larger. Max 65,536 x 65,536 pixels (16x16 bit) at only 8 bit color depth.

Container

1. MKV (Matroska Video Container) from 2002. Free. WebM is MKV limited to VP8 and VP9 codecs.
2. MP4 (MPEG-4 Version 2) from 2001.
3. ASF (Advanced Systems Format) from September 1996.
4. AVI (Audio Video Interlaced) from 1992. Not for streaming or 3D.

Player

1. PotPlayer - Polished, but too many options and updates.
2. VLC - Ugly and buggy.
3. Foobar2000 - Unpolished, but many plugins like ABX Comparator, and ReplayGain adds normalization metadata relative to -20dB at 1kHz to avoid clipping/compression like in the loudness war.
4. WinAmp - Excellent skinnable GUI with excellent MilkDrop visualizer. Dead since 2013.
5. MODPlug Player - Small but high quality music everywhere.

Database

1. PostgreSQL - Terse commands but common syntax. Clients: HeidiSQL on Windows, Postico on MacOS, DBeaver on Linux, and SQLTools on VS Code where you save the query to show its run button.
2. MariaDB - MySQL but more bazaarish than the Oracle cathedral.
3. MySQL - Corrupted my tables once. Uncommon syntax for quotes.
4. SQL Server - Not free?
5. MongoDB - Non-uniform data. Lots of deprecated methods like count() (use count_documents() instead). PyMongo for one happily creates db.nonexistent instead of throwing an IndexError like other objects or loudly complaining at compile time like TypeScript. Misleading documentation. And 7 hours after importing 12 GB of JSON using Studio 3T, I had to pry 6.66 GB of RAM from mongod's cold, dead hands to get my VirtualBox and host Chrome to respond again. NoSQLBooster is a good free cross-platform client.

In MySQL/MariaDB, UTF8mb4 > UTF8 because it supports more Emoji. Use Unicode collate for proper sorting. UTF8 is most efficient at storing Latin with a minority of foreign characters.

Serialization

1. Arrow - Memory-mapped so bigger but O(1) Parquet. File read/write: Feather is 4x Pickle.
2. Parquet - By column so similar values compress and search better.
3. Protobuf - Fast pretty schema separate from data.
4. Avro - Basically JSON. Comes with Snappy compression, twice the size of Deflate but 2-5x the speed.
5. CSV - By row, big and slow.

Inter-Process Communication (IPC)

1. Memory-Mapped Files - 5,339 kT/s (probably cached better; in 2014, RAM latency was 100 ns, L2 cache 7 ns, and L1 0.5 ns)
2. Shared Memory - 4,703 kT/s
3. FIFOs (named pipes) - 266 kT/s
4. Message Queues - 232 kT/s
5. Pipes - 162 kT/s
6. Domain sockets - 130 kT/s
7. Internet sockets (TCP) - 70 kT/s
8. ZeroMQ (TCP) - 25 kT/s

Browser

1. Chrome - Most popular Chromium distro. Nice add-ons like Session Buddy, Sidewise, Stylus, Ears, Web Scrobbler, and CORS/CSP enablers. Kinda spooky and slow/noisy. Loses cookies when running out of disk space! Can't disable URL bar autocomplete anymore!
2. Edge - Supports breadth-first browsing by sleeping inactive tabs. Based on Chromium, so many add-ons and cross-platform. Sends private photos to Microsoft. Disables Windows 10 task bar while restoring session. Doesn't update while not in use? Steals data from Chrome.
3. Firefox - More open and private than Chrome, but less stable. Auto Tab Discard, the new BarTab, helps keep music playback smooth before my OOM Killer kicks in. Debugger on MacOS 13.1 didn't break on exception in my local chess game. Doesn't autorename download when file is already present.
4. Librewolf? - Firefox with extra privacy, apparently by bundling uBlock Origin extension, but lack an update checker. Even with an external update checker, (security) updates lag 3 days behind Firefox.

File Manager

1. Total Commander - Still has the best compare feature, also supporting hex.
2. Double Commander - Diff tool sucks on MacOS 10.12.6, but can easily switch to Meld (which doesn't save folder compares on Windows 10).
3. muCommander - Cross-platform, dark mode, dual pane, path bar.
4. Windows Explorer - Shows braindead names like "Pictures" instead of path for common folders.
5. Midnight Commander - Works over SSH.
6. Nemo - Has creation date column.
7. FSN - Looks cool.
8. ROX-Filer - Leverages drag & drop.
9. Finder - Where are those files? How to copy their location? How to get rid of Finder icon permanently?

Communication

1. Mumble - Free, more stable than Discord, and lower latency than Skype.
2. Slack - No need for a phone number. Too many shared channels and not enough direct channels visible. No backup in the free versions.
3. Webex - Easy conference meetings. User profile / room (in profile/businesscard) / connected device / password requirements (Uppercase + lowercase + number + symbol) should be more visible. Annoying AF character-separated authenticator input that doesn't support paste so you need to wait until you have enough time left to enter it manually. Use the Webex app because Webex Meet doesn't do messages. Both need a 6-digit 2FA app. Unclear why it demands a separate Webex Meet(ing) app with telephone permission for meetings via conference room.
4. Google Meet - The new Hangouts. Doesn't appear to save logs or show participant details like title.
5. Google Hangouts - Poorly marketed and to be killed by Google.
6. Zoom - Starts out without video or audio, both having different steps to enable, but doesn't select the wrong audio output like Teams does.
7. Telegram - Better than WhatsApp in every way, except default privacy and desktop client stability.
8. Discord - Too many notifications. Hard to log out or delete account and can't fullscreen a presentation in the webapp.
9. WhatsApp - Linked to hardware. Desktop client doesn't retry unsent messages. Retry option limited to images.
10. Gmail - Supports shared calendars and/but often fails to show a notification.
11. Outlook - Comes with Windows 10 (Pro?), supports Gmail (except shared calendar, maybe you need to register with Microsoft for that) and offers 3 large buttons to check all folders, presumably doing so automatically.
12. Thunderbird - Supports Gmail and might be more reliable at using desktop notifications. Doesn't get all messages by default so check your folder properties.
13. Phone - Best coverage but expensive and single threaded without logging.
14. Evolution - Like Thunderbird except by default you need to click each folder for updates and there's no clean Windows download on its site.
15. Skype - Desktop, Mobile, or Web app? https://web.skype.com is the only one that videos on Linux last I checked.
16. Mattermost - Slack ripoff that loses unsent messages when there's a network issue.
17. Microsoft Teams - Widely supported but shoddy integration. Poor GUI that also doesn't show which meeting you're waiting for, nor has reliable background blur (sometimes just doesn't do anything). Poor audio quality. Choppy&poppy in Cinnamon 20.2 with kernel 5.13 maybe due to lack of tsched=0 in /etc/pulse/default.pa. Signup issues.
18. Signal - No web client, making it hard to use on managed devices.

Workflow

1. Stakeholder puts a request in the issue tracker. With clear steps of current vs intended functionality!
2. Issues are prioritized, preferably by vote. Ranked votes > approval votes > single vote. (Same for government.)
3. Issues are fixed according to priority.
4. Repeat.

A realtime Gantt chart with dependencies, importance, and status (Todo, in progress, blocked, done. Maybe testing and verified as well. Excellent example.) would be spiffy to have on a big screen that can be used for the occasional movie or game to relax / teambuild when there's no work left (assuming timely intervention vs cancerous legacy code).

Scrum is limited Kanban with unnecessary meetings. If I want to know what the designer is looking at, I'll check the issue tracker. Workwise I prefer to look back on Fridays and forward on Mondays; opposite socially. Management should follow this and devs this and this. Both benefit from proper time management: Minimize interruptions like prioritising.

People

1. Regular everyday normal guys. I score 14/50 here - "Scores in the 0-25 range indicate few or no Autistic traits", which is vague and subjective as usual, like social science in general. And 46/200 here - "100% probability of being typical (neurotypical)." Prosperous.
2. Autists - Too many feels. Impaired self control due to pollution. Repetitive one-way conversations. Probably low in vitamin D, which shiny happy people get from 2-9 minutes a day of UVB sunlight and HDL (good, high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. Not LDL? Seems LDL as well. Food sources of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) are microalgae and kelp, and some mushrooms contain less potent but more plentiful ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). Single-minded.
3. Narcissists - Over 10% of the population. Communal (Mother Teresa) > grandiose (won't shut up) > covert (can't handle criticism) > malignant (mean). Pretentious.
4. Sociopaths - Learned to be careless thugs. Recruited terrorists. Hateful.
5. Psychopaths - Born with the warrior gene; lack of feels. Shallow salespeople. Easily kill their own and others. Greedy.

Emotions can be regulated with uppers and downers, but climbing Maslow's hierarchy of needs is healthier than some physical or social habits.

Kindness > looks > intelligence > taste.

Politics

Left (all) vs Right (some), Auth (order) vs Lib (chaos):

• Stalin: "Work for the good of all." - Auth Left.
• Hitler: "Work for the good of us." - Auth Right.
• Gandhi: "Please don't be violent so all will be peaceful." - Lib Left. (He wrote a nice letter to Hitler btw.)
• Rand: "To each his own." - Lib Right.
• The Lorax: "I speak for the trees." - Centrist.

Philosophy

1. Skepticism - Think for yourself.
2. Confucianism - Honors family and not being mean.
3. Agnosticism - Afterlives are known unknowns.
4. Paganism - Nature is what we live in so should be appreciated.
5. Discordianism - Everything can have meaning, like the Invisible Pink Unicorn (Blessed Be Her Holy Hooves).
6. Pastafarianism - Try not being mean.
7. Buddhism - More nihilist and bivalent about karma. Buzzword-compliant hypocritical circular reasoning.
8. Dianetics - Big on psychosomatic engrams instead of Thetans.
9. Scientology - Thetans (alien souls) instead of engrams, plus expensive sci-fi lore.
10. Abrahamism - Contradicts itself a lot. In 1970-2017, Islamic terrorism was 131% more deadly than right wing terrorism which was 45% more deadly than left wing terrorism.
11. Nation of Islam - Black supremacist anti-white/Jewish conspiracy cult praising Hitler and pop BS like numerology.
12. Other authoritarian cults, like Peoples Temple - More murdery than brainwashy. Not excluding the preceding philosophies.

Physics

• General relativity says gravity flattens spacetime.
• Higgs bosons give mass and inertia.
• Light meters' dark sides absorb more light energy and emit more infrared, causing vibration that pushes the few remaining air molecules.
• Special relativity says spacetime is flat (1D) at light speed in vacuum, compressing the future (explaining how a photon reflects before it reaches the final surface) and expanding the past.

Economics

• Money as in intrinsic value does literally grow on trees. People use nominally valued bits of paper to trade fruit for other stuff.
• Basic money info:
  • Spend less than you earn. ("Living below your means.")
  • Insure against things you can't control.
  • Save for the future.
  • Don't invest more than you'll survive losing.
  • Beware of your credit card balance.
  • Take time to read the fine print.
  • Pay off debts unless a pro tells you not to for free because it takes (50 * 1.05**15 >= 100) 15 years to get back the 50% in income taxes over 75k/y if you pay off your mortgage in the Netherlands. Do banks pay De Hypotheker? Then again, 100 off a 5%/y mortgage is 5 added to income so 2.5/y more income tax in the top bracket, which is still < 5. (Managed) stock tends to do better than 5% though.
• Georgism is interesting, as is the USA.

Food & Food Accessories

• An adult male needs about 2 kg (2000 kcal, 8400 kJ) of food and water per day.
• Crop calories or joules of energy per year in the 1960s according to this and this, so probably double these amounts:

Food	MJ/m2/year
sugar beet	15.20
palm oil	14.73
chufa	13.77
sugarcane	11.64
sacha inchi	11.04
cassava	8.12
maize (shelled corn)	7.73
olive oil	7.36
camelina	7.31
rice - paddy	6.20
Nerica	6.12
potato	5.51
pumpkin	5.31
triticale	5.26
yams	5.08
coconut oil	4.97
spelt	4.95
sweet potatoes	4.77
amaranth	4.74
flaxseed	4.63
wheat	4.53
soybeans	4.31
hempseed	4.28
barley	4.11
duckweed (120 d)	4.10
peanut	3.86
rye	3.82
oats	3.64
sunflower seeds	3.63
plantains	3.52
winged bean tuber	3.38
chia seeds	3.14
rapeseed (canola)	3.09
brassicas - broccoli	2.82
cabbage	2.66
teff	2.53
peas - green	2.48
pumpkin seed	2.27
sorghum - grain	2.21
winged bean pods	2.13
safflower kernels	1.99
peas - dry	1.79
fonio	1.53
millet	1.44
lentils	1.35
winged bean seeds	1.28
sesame seed	1.19
buckwheat	1.17
chick pea	1.15
quinoa	1.15
palm kernel oil	1.07
beans - green	1.04
beans - dry	0.96
wild rice	0.90

More than three-quarters (77%) of global soy is fed to livestock for meat and dairy production (90+% of which unfit for humans, yet 1 kg beef still uses 2.8 kg human food; 3.2 for pork, possibly counting leftovers; 2:1 for chicken using feed, 3:1 for egg which probably counts the males.), often on former rainforest land, where most biodiversity on Earth resided, but Taub-Dix says Beyond Meat is based on pea protein isolate, expeller-pressed canola oil, refined coconut oil, rice protein, natural flavors, cocoa butter, mung bean protein, methylcellulose, potato starch, apple extract, salt, potassium chloride, vinegar, lemon juice concentrate, sunflower lecithin, pomegranate fruit powder, and beet juice extract (the beet juice give the burger its meat-like “blood”). Google says USDA says meat has 57mg sodium per 100g. A Beyond Meat patty has 6x as much. McDonald's Single Big Tasty 19x as much. Also, methane breaks down to CO2, which this rich farmer propaganda neglects to mention. They also deleted my comment and receive 800 to 1200 times the public funding meat alternatives get.

• Cheese: Vandersterre Jong Gouda 48+ (21.2/30.5% saturated fat, 23.5% protein, 1.79% salt, carotene) > Bio+ Biologische Goudse Jonge Kaas 50+ (nice soft grass. 22.3/32.7% sat fat, 22.6% protein, 1.65% salt) > Vemondo vegan plakken goudasmaak (18.7/21.4% sat fat, 0.3% protein?!, 2% salt, 19% mystery carbs) > Van Beek Gouda 48% 10x10cm 20g (20.0/29.0% sat fat, 23.0% protein, 1.8% salt. meh.) > Erciyes Vegetarisch Gouda Kaas 48+ (21/29% sat fat, 23% protein, 2.1% salt. maybe replace some salt with sugar) > Maaslander Jong Belegen 30+ (more sour, bitter, and chewy, but has annoying paper between the slices) > Vergeer Jong Mild Gouda (large and thin slices, best for a baguette with other toppings to add flavor. 18.3/30.0% sat fat, 25.0% protein, 1.90% salt) > 1 de Beste Goudse 48+ Jong (Belegen) (great packaging but dry and chewy, probably due to the 4+ weeks of ripening. 21.2/30.5% sat fat, 23.5% protein, 1.79% salt, carcinogenic E251, carotene).
• Milk alternatives leave more food for calves, and/or less calf to add to ragout instead of mushrooms. Plain: Sweetened soy; With masala chai syrup to cover any lack of flavor: Wheat (smooth foam) > soy (sticky foam) > coco (firm sticky foam) - Not sure if the weather affected it.
• Mosquitos also love milk products containing butyric acid, but hate coconut and monoterpenoid eucalyptol found in tea tree oil and cannabis sativa.
• Hock/shank (achterham) > real/butt/leg ham (beenham) > picnic/shoulder/arm/hand ham (schouderham). The different brand's leg ham tasted more like shoulder ham to me, which makes sense, so maybe achter (rear) ham is real/butt ham. Probably contains carcinogenic poisonous pink paint. Not my favorite meat but at least it's not from the USA where they feed pigs packages with poisonous paints and polymers.
• Bread etc.: beer dough on British fish > salted breaded mushrooms > cold Dutch pancake with cheese/jelly > warm Dutch pancake > baguette > Tijgerbrood > bara > bagel > dry light rye bread > donut > oliebol > apple pie > cake > wet dark rye bread > US pancake > Johnnycake.
• Instant carbs/pasta: Sharwood's Curry & Rice Chicken Korma (apparently #NotAllCoriander tastes like soap to me, some cooks don't rinse after washing, or it's my stuffy cold) > Nissin Soba Cup Noodles Wok Style Chili (no need to drain water, just add less and stir) > tagliatelle (laces) > lasagna (sheets) verde > Nongshim Shin Kimchi cup (good crunch & spice that sticks to the noodles) > Nissin Soba Cup Noodles Wok Style Yakitori Checken (lots of crunchy veggies) > Mai Wa instant Japanese ramen > spaghetti bolognese (good but long and splattery) > Mi-Cup Nivo Beef Flavour (great 4-pouch broth; could be more chunky) > Koka Silk Gluten Free Chicken Pho flavor instant rice fettucine > Maggi Saucy Noodles Teriyaki > Nissin Demae Ramen Chicken > Thai Delight Cooked Rice With Green Curry Sauce > Thai Delight Pad Thai Noodles With Pad Thai Sauce (2 pouches, tamarind baby corn) > Vifon Instant Noodles Chicken Flavor (crunchy carrot & good 3-pouch borth) > Nissin Cup Noodles Tasty Chicken Asian Style Soup (great smell/feel, no pouch, no crunch) > Sharwood's Curry & Rice Chicken Tikka (chewy, sweet & spicy) > Mama instant flat noodles yentafo (sour sweet spicy) > Knorr Sweet & Sour > Nissin Soba Wok Style Teriyaki (good broth but a little licoricy) > Indo Mie veg > veg Senpai > veg Bano > Vitasia > Yummy Yoodles tomato chicken (yummy except for the hint of plastic) > Aiki Hot & Spicy (1.3% salt) > Mama Chicken Rice Noodles (5.1% salt according to Dutch ingredient sticker, contradicting 0.69% on the Finnish package from Thailand) > Yummy Yoodles vegetables (salty 0.9%) > Mama Oriental Style Instant Noodles Chicken Flavour (salty despite only 0.9% salt plus unspecified amount of E621, E635, & E640) > Mi-Cup Nivo Sea Food Flavour (good fishy broth) > Nissin Tokyo Shoyu Tonkotsu > Yum Yum > Nisson Raoh (meaty fungi spaghetti but puck too big for my bowls) > Ottogi Jin Ramen Mild Cup (spicy yeast flavor? 4.6% salt) > OK: Noodllicious vegetable (unremarkable) > Maggi sesame chicken saucy noodles cup (saucy indeed, but the veggies didn't crunch and the only taste is the nice afterglow) > Unox Good Noodles Kip (bit salty despite 0.92% salt so due to E621 (MSG), E631 (disodium inosinate), and E627 (disodium guanylate)) > Noodllicious chicken cup (too dusty but tasty 1.02% salt) > Noodllicious chicken (too dusty 0.81% salt) > Canton (too dusty) > Doll Abalone & Chicken Flavour (too wide, so break it in half in the pack) > Knorr Oriental Barbecue (weird noodle shape) > Doll Chicken (barely adequate, 1.6% sodium) > Emporio Foods / Brand Masters Asian Style Chicken Flavous (soggy, 7.5/16.8% sat fat, 4.22% salt) > Indo Mie chicken (4.6% salt!) > POOR: Samyang Chacharoni Blackbean Sauce Jjajang Ramen (chili con carne without carne or chili) > Indo Mie Special Chicken (special as in less flavor) > Thai Temple (too dusty & Chicken not very flavorful) > zucchini (refreshing but not very filling) > fusilli (screws) > tortellini (ring wraps) > ravioli (pouches) > penne (pipes) > macaroni (mehlbows) > Mama instant noodles yentafo (doesn't hold the odd broth like the flat noodles do) > JML Noodle Bowl Spicy Beef (poorly-placed Dutch ingredient sticker claims it's chicken flavor despite listing beef flavor. boring compared to spaghetti with thicker less spicy sauce) > Nongshim Chapagetti (soggy/chewy noodles in 3-pounch onion soup. I broke the puck into 260 ml.) > Berruto Pasta Cup Fusilli al Pesto (meh) > Nissin Wok Style Soba Yakitori Chicken Flavour (great smell but too wide and only the broth has (weird) flavor) > Doll Preserved Vegetable Flavour (tastes a bit like non-food preservatives) > Samyang Ramen Spicy Rich Vegetable Flavor (550 ml of slightly-too-spicy soup with noodles and some vegetable flakes) > Nissin Kyushu Tonkotsu (wet and salty) > rice vermicelli (thin white noodles) > udon (thick noodles) > Maggi masala (soggy) > Samyang SuTah (too much and spicy) > LJ Brother Hot & Sour Flavour Instant vermicelli (8 pouches but all i tasted and drained too late was the peppers) > Samyang Buldak (bul=fire, dak=chicken) hot chicken cheese (food shouldn't hurt). Chicken noodle soup helps cure the common cold (actually 200+ viruses) but excess sodium inflames and thus leads to cancer.
• Pizza: Original Wagner Sensatione Mozzarella/Pollo/Tonno (18 minutes at 200° C, no preheat or spill) > Domino's > Happy Italy (too big) > Original Wagner Big City #Tokyo (24 minutes at 200 C in a fan oven is too much; try 180 C.) > Garden Gourmet Veggie Lovers (healthy) > Dr. Oetker Big Americans Cheese Onion > Papa John's > Dr. Oetker Ristorante Salame (mealy/starchy) > Dr. Oetker Big Americans BBQ Chicken (too sweet) > New York Pizza (rather plain and expensive) > Dr. Oetker Big American Texas (thick and salty) > Wagner Bella Napoli Diavola (dry and spicy) > Original Wagner Big City #Boston (even drier because the center cheese took longer to melt, so the oven might need preheating after all).
• Burger/chicken/snack: Soof Tears & Fears (balanced lettuce, onion rings, and smokey hot cocktail sauce) > Copper Branch Grazie Mille (delicious focaccia bread, but the olives fall off and it's relatively small) > Finish Your Breakfast? Crunchy juicy chicken burger > Le Baron beef > Soof Tucker Joe (cheese, pickle, lettuce, tomato, relish) > fried breaded mushrooms with a little salt > Fat Phill's hot chicken cheese (lacked salad last time) > Burger King (De Vegetarische Slager NoBeef with cheese for balance) > HFC chicken tenders (thick and spicy) > Lekker & Co Towerburger (classic chicken filet) > Fat Phill's (no)meat NoBull single vega (if cooked right) > Strand22 falafelburger > frikandel > kaassoufflé (the snackbar version of cheese souffle which looks very different) > croquette > bitterball > McDonald's (Beyond Meat McPlant has great sauce, but low fat and the shredded lettuce falls off) > generic overpriced 20 euro burger (truffle sauce ain't that expensive) > KFC Veggie Burger (KFC often forgets the herbs & spices and last time was too dry to finish). I think the Krabby-Samsung topping order’s clear separation of flavors is best: Clean grippy tasty fresh bun bottom, fatty patty, fresh single leaf lettuce, fatty sharp cheese, fresh crunchy onion, quenching tomato, flavorful ketchup, fatty mayo, sharp fresh tasty crunchy pickles finale, and stylish bun top to cleanse the palate. No stick or knife needed to keep it together.
• Fries: potato wedges > slices > curls > sticks > crinkles (esp. molded). Regular > sweet.
• Savory: Yates beer batter fish & chips with malt vinegar and some peas > Yates curry on rice > Café op 2 nachos > Soof soft-shelll tacos > fries with sauce (frietsaus > Joppie > sate > some ketchup) > toast (Melba Naturel > LU Mini Crackers Sundried Tomato & Basil > Melba Volkoren) with salad (Karaat Huzarensalade) > Doritos (Nacho Cheese > Sweet Chilli Pepper > Flamin' Hot Nacho Cheese Flavour (Finally some good heat!)) > AH Knapperige tortilla chips sweet chili > Herr’s Cheese Curls > Herr's Jalapeno Cheese Curls (cheesy US > spicy ES) > Cheetos Big Chipito > kroepoek (Conimex Java > Bali (lemongrass) > Inproba Veggie naturel > Jakarta (fishy)) > Cheetos Popcorn Flamin' Hot > Pringles Flame extra hot cheese & chili flavour (good but uniform) > Gusto Sour cream & Onion > Wasa Delicate Crisp Sesame & Sea Salt (bit fragile) > Herr's Crunchy Cheestix Jalapeno (less hot and very sticky) > Croky Explosions Thai Curry (bit sweet) > Lay's Max Patatje Joppie > Bolognese chips (Lay's > Croky (thick and plain) > 1deBeste (thick and even more plain)) > Conimex Sumatra Kroepoek > Lay’s MAX Double Crunch Spareribs (bit hard) > sliced bread (kept in freezer) > baguette > croissant (tasty but flaky) > burrito > wrap (easy but can leak) > baked wrap > Wasa Delicate Crisp Rosemary & Sea Salt > pita > hard tacos (is there a messier food?) > sandwich > Doritos Cool American (pretty tasteless) > Chio salted caramel peanut Donuts > plain/salty tortilla chips > Cheetos Chipito (too small) > Pringles (Plain bland imitation chips. Sounds like its spaghetti bolognese flavor is kinda bad.) > Croky Hula Hoops (Paprika > Bolognese, too hard and tasteless) > Lay's Max Strong Hot Chicken Wings Flavour (too hot) > Herr's Carolina Reaper Flavored Extra Hot Cheese Curls (too hot) > Takis Fuego (a little smoky, sour, hot, and boring, but well-powerdered ones are great - did they change the recipe?) > Snacks of the World sriracha peanuts (too hard) > Hot Chip Strips Limed Habaneros (dry protein with a little tang and barely any heat) > Hot Chip Strips Smoked Scorpio (smoky dry protein with lame heat).
• Nut/bean: soy > chili > almond > hazelnut > Duyvis Oriental > walnut > Duyvis Poesta > peanut > cashew > macadamia.
• Sandwich: salad (huzaren (Karaat) > potato (Karaat)) > hummus (Maza) > grilled cheese > cheese > peanut butter (Calvé) > chocolate sprinkles/flakes (messy) > jam.
• Condiments: Soilmates Avocado Mayo (fresh, 6.7/68% sat fat, 0 sugar) > McDonald's Frites Sauce (creamy) > Mad Sauce (sweet) > Remia truffelmayo (fat, 5.3/68% sat, 3.4% sugar) > Joppie (bit thin) > sate > Oliehoorn Tomatenketchup (Fresh & sweet. Goes well with cheese.) > Bertolli Pesto Calabrese (nice bite and afterglow. 4.2/25% sat, 1.7% salt) > Kern mustard (kinda gross).
• Fatty mayonnaise goes well with dry things like eggs. Acidic mayonnaise or malt vinegar goes well with fatty things like fries, which were a major source of deadly trans fat.
• Drugs: saturated fat (cheese) > sugar > THC (ups mood including anxiety so take less than 0.5 g hash and put on 3+ hours of relaxing music) > nutmeg (myristicin + elemicin. A whole ground seed isn't tasty either but going to bed in a pink cloud was nice.) > psilocybin (gross shrooms, 3 hours) > ethanol (martini (dry 1/6 to wet 5/6 vermouth/gin) > sangria > Galilei Watermelon (6.9% but tastes like mild lemonade) > Rodenbach Classic (beer with prosecco?) > Corona Cero 0.0 > CO2 Pils (light) > Heineken 0.0 (Still tasty after 3, except after sweets, and hop's phytoestrogens promote breast (cancer) growth.) > Peroni Nastro Azzurro 0.0 > Apple Bandit Cider Raspberry (more fruity, more healthy, 4.5%) > Apple Bandit Classic Apple Cider (apple juice with optional stealthy alcohol) > Leute Bock > Köstritzer Kirsche (2.8%) > Rodenbach Fruitage (3.9%, cherry lemonade with beer) > Ayinger Brauwweisse 5.3% (smooth, fresh, and a little sweet) > Mort Subite Kriek Lambic (cherry lemonade with beer, 4.0%) > Breezer (lemonade with alcohol, 4%) > (Affligem/Westmalle) Tripel > Edelweiss Hefetrüb > Uiltje (double IPA 8.2%) > Texels Skuumkoppe (sour sweet soft) > Codorniu Zero Clasico > Bia Saigon Special (sweet 4.9%) > Bia Saigon Export > Kordaat > Amaretto (sweet almond) > Weihenstephaner Hefeweissbier (creamy sweet & bitter) > Swinckels (enjoyable) > Estaminet (nice) > La Trappe Isid'or (okay but not special) > Hertog Jan Bockbier > Polini Myspritz Aperitivo (bittersweet orange) > Leffe Blond (cold only) > La Chouffe Blonde (bittersweet spicy 8%) > Safari > Gold Strike (cinnamon) > Dropshot (salty licorice) > jonge jenever (fresh alcohol) > Hertog Jan > Tsingtao > Palm > cava mimosa > cava > Brand > Brand Krachtig Blond > Amstel > Schultenbräu 8% pilsner > Argus > sambuca > Parbo > Asahi (fresh sweet bitter 5%) > Pitt > Brand Dubbelbock (sweet bitter 7.5%) > Traugott Simon Winterbier (bittersweet 5.6%) > Cornet (bittersweet 8.5%) > Jinro(?) Strawberry Soju (12%) > Fedele Catarratto Pinot Grigio Terre Siciliane (fresh but heavy 12.5%) > Fat Ale > Budweiser lager > Sapporo (bitter 4.7%) > Warsteiner <0.5 (watery sour/bitter) > Heineken (okay from tap) > La Trappe Nillis 0% (weird without alcohol) > Hoegaarden Rosée (just beer with raspberry syrup and acesulfame-K) > Magners Irish Cider (bit boring) > Chang Classic (5%) > Texels Skuumkoppe 0.0 (latexy fruit, 4/10) > Keizerskroon (5%, bitter) > O'Hara's Irish Red (bit bitter, 4.3%) > Cobra World Beer (4.5%) > Affligem Blond 0.0 (too heavy) > Affligem Blond (banana bitter) > Singha Premium Lager > Bavaria (also 0.0; too bitter) > Brouwers Premium > medium dry sherry (weak raisin juice) > Pernod Anise (icky anise plus cough syrup) > Birra Moretti (I guess "premium" means "bitter", though 4.5%, 22-26 EBU lager is considered "light bitter".) > Tequila silver (strong, fresh, and interesting) > Prosecco > Merlot > Chardonnay > Flugel (too small) > Drambuie (honey whiskey) > Fancylabel Huiswijn wit halfzoet (mild and sour) > Affligem Dubbel > Guinness (too bitter) > Orval > Steam-Brew Imperial IPA > Hertog Jan Grand Prestige > porter > most mead (too sweet) > vermouth (too sweet but great with gin) > Liquor 43 (too sweet and strong vanilla; good with orange juice and cream) > Ponche Caribe Pistachio (too thick and sweet) > Grolsch > Jupiler > gin (too strong & bitter; good with vermouth) > most wine, like Fedele Nero D'Avola Sicilia (sour/bitter 13.5%) and Fancylabel Huiswijn rood halfzoet (Too sour/bitter/Habakkuk2:5, but allegedly healthy, as is beer, possibly more so than soda but less than whole fruit or the same nutrients in a pill and without the excess sugar.) > advocaat (too thick and strong egg liquor) > Duvel > grappa > vodka > most mezcal (agave spirit similar to whiskey, often from the Tequila region) > Tequila gold > absinthe > ouzo > Stroh rum) > LSD (good but too long at 10 hours or so) > paracetamol (relatively mild but might damage liver with alcohol) > Ibuprofen (constipation & NSAID dependency) > Asperin (twice as bad as Iboprofen) > Ritalin (lasts shorter than Adderall which is basically amphetamine/speed; reportedly calms down people with ADHD like Xanax amps up chimps) > caffeine (popular addictive upper / natural insecticide) > cocaine (stronger than caffeine) > tobacco (stronger addictive natural pesticide known for its stinky brown residue and junkies causing plastic pollution and fires). See also this chart.
• Herbs/flavor/smell: vanilla > dill > lavender > rosemary > hibiscus > tomato > yuzu > mint > chive (nice on cheese) > ginger (hot) > hop > basil (boring) > black pepper > red pepper > cilantro (sometimes soapy) > cannabis (sometimes too strong) > anise > sandalwood (too weak) > tumeric (Kinda gross but allegedly healthy. Good dye?) > clove > pandan (disgusting aquired taste)
• Tea (Camellia sinensis):

1. Rooibos - Aspalathus linearis. No caffeine. Low tannins.
2. White - 25 mg caffeine
3. Green - 36 mg caffeine: Sencha 12-75 mg caffeine vs 80-200 mg in coffee > matcha (70 mg. 18.9-44.4 mg/g. Most coffee beans contain around 10–12 mg/g of caffeine.)
4. Oolong - 10-60 mg caffeine
5. Black - 60 mg caffeine: masala chai syrup latte > taro tapioca milktea (Boba Time > Tea One (good selection, but no medium or PLA cups) > Yami-Yami (hard to drink last drops due to overly pointy plastic straws) > SooTea (too much plastic) > Wok To You (A little watery and the paper straw could be sharper. Tapioca boba too big for plastic straws.) > Amazing Oriental (fragile cup, plastic straw)).

• Shake: Wheat flakes replace bread pretty well (Or not; Turns out you need oil and protein with your carbs so pizza is better.), and Jimmy Joy claims to be better than Huel despite containing soy, but only the omega-6 of that is said to inflame and cause heart attacks. Asian women have less breast cancer thanks to soy's omega-3 and phytoestrogen. Flax oil contains more omega 3 than 6, unlike corn and soy oil, and olive oil is low in both 6 and saturated fat, unlike animal fat. Hemp oil is claimed to be better than flax thanks to low phytoestrogens. Hopein phytoestrogen found in beer is worse than isoflavones in soy.
• Sweets: Cinnamon chocolate almonds > masala chai syrup latte > Baha Breeze chill-out cherry lemonade > Belvoir Lemon & mint cordial bio > Almdudler > Gullon Moment Choco Ring White Chocolate > orange juice (8.5% sugar) > Rico Thai Flavor Bubble MilkTea Drink > Dr. Pepper (22.5% sugar) > Cherry cola (11.4% sugar) > brownie > Gingerbon Honey Lemon (73%) > Napoleon Fruit Mix (tasty but hard) > Amaretto cola > Philippine Lemon Calamansi > Vimto > Fanta > pudding > custard > Sultana fruitbiscuit (Naturel) > macaron (raspberry > pistache > hazelnut > vanilla > honey > chocolate > salted caramel > citron) > Katja Yoghurt Gums > Venco Kleurendrop > AH Snoepkrijtjes > Haribo Dragibus (original > soft; blue > green > black > pink > red > yellow) > taro tapioca boba tea > Turkish delight (Loki strawberry > mint > lemon) > éclair (white glazed almond cookie peach) > baklava > Wawi Mini Melting Snowman (very Xmassy) > Gingerbon Jahe Susu (55%, hard & hot) > pineapple whipped cream pastry (looks great but drips) > Oishi Ube Pillows (fortified; maybe i lacked vitamin A) > Peanut M&M's > Nuts > Bounty > Twix > Milky Way (EU malt version) > Mars > Snickers (Berry Whip > regular) > licorice (Harlekijntjes (Soft Honey > Mild Salt) > Klene salt & salmiac) > Merci (Marzipan > Hazelnut-Almond > Hazelnut-Crème > Milk Chocolate > Praline-Crème > Dark Cream > Dark Mousse > Coffee and Cream) > moorkop/chocoladebol > Twix > milk chocolate > nougat > Lion > toffee > Hershey's Cookies 'n' Creme Rounds > Milka Cookie Sensations > SnackaJacks Smooooth Caramel > Venco Choco d'rop cookie kaneel (Too chewy. Stick with nuts.) > Look-O-Look Sweet Stripes Banana (too sweet and sugary) > Look-O-Look Dynamite Sticks Watermelon (way too sweet) > Deka ChocoBanana Wafer Roll (weird) > Lotus Speculoos Sandwich Cookie (crumbles) > Amaretto Disaronno > Rivella > Twizzlers Bites (weak licorice with a bit of cherry aftertaste, reminds me of almond) > Gusto Raspberry > Klene Fruitklappers > Spicy Jelly Belly jellybeans (Habanero (juicy) > Jalapeno (fresh) > Carolina Reaper (fruity but painful) > Sriracha (dull) > Cayenne (dry)) > Bros (boring) > hard, sometimes sharp Eduard Edel honey bonbons (lemon > eucalyptus > sanddorn > milk) > Tootsie Roll (the soy marshmallow one that tastes odd) > Daim (hard, sticky, too sweet caramel) > sugar cube > Fernandes (since using carninogenic fake sugar) > Sugarfree 7-Up (bitter aftertaste) > 80% pure chocolate (bitter and possibly polluted).
• Fruit/veg: Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) > banana (big peel) > mandarin (sour) > apple (juicy) > cucumber > grape (white > red) > tomato > kiwi (edible skin) > strawberry > raspberry > blueberry (small) > melon (Galia > watermelon > cantaloupe) > carrot > avocado (large pit, unedible leathery skin) > beet > celery > lychee (large pit) > cherry > lime > lemon > pumpkin > mango (huge pit, sticky fibery flesh) > durian (silent and deadly chive custard).
• Sugars' shorter molecules burn faster, so regulate them with fiber; excess energy is stored in fat cells and low blood sugar causes hunger. Fat is burned after 12 hours of fasting (have an early dinner or late breakfast) or 30 minutes of exercise.
• Sweeteners ranked best to worst, refined:

1. Medjool Dates - Fiber, muscle-relaxing potassium, antioxidant copper, iron, and B vitamins.
2. Maple Syrup - Contains muscle-repairing manganese, muscle-building magnesium, fat-melting zinc, anti-inflammatory compounds, and antioxidant compounds called phenolics.
3. Fruit Juice Concentrate - Fiber, nutrients.
4. Aspartame (E951) - Degrades to essential amino acid L-phenylalanine, just like eggs, chicken, liver, beef, milk, soybeans, and caffeine. Daily recommended intake of Phe is 25 mg/kg. More may cause anxiety and kill genetically ill. The yield of phenylalanine is about 100 mg for a can of diet soft drink, compared with 300 mg for an egg, 500 mg for a glass of milk, and 900 mg for a large hamburger.
5. Honey - Slightly more fructose than glucose, and may contain Clostridium botulinum spores deadly to infants.
6. Blackstrap Molasses - Vitamin B6 and minerals including calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese.
7. Coconut Sugar - Soluble fiber (inulin), potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, and vitamin C (E300).
8. Palm Sugar - Trace amounts of phosphorous, iron, and vitamins C and B.
9. Stevia (E960) - 130-300 times sweeter than sucrose. Heat stable up to 200 °C.
10. Luo Han Guo (Monk Fruit Extract) - Antioxidant. 150-250 timer sweeter than sucrose, heat stable up to 200 °C, and inert in humans. Yet to be approved by the EU.
11. Erythritol (E968) - Antioxidant.
12. Xylitol (E967) - Promotes bone density. Laxative.
13. Sorbitol (E420) - Laxative found in peaches.
14. Raw Organic Cane Sugar - More dirt/fiber than refined sugar.
15. Brown Sugar - Re-dirtied sugar. Molasses contain some small amounts of minerals.
16. Evaporated Cane Juice OR Dried Cane Syrup - Less dirty brown sugar.
17. Sucrose - Regular refined table sugar, 50/50 glucose/fructose.
18. Invert Sugar - Pre-split sugar. Cavity-causing bacteria love it.
19. Glucose/dextrose - Cavities and metabolic issues.
20. Brown Rice Syrup - More metabolic issues.
21. Agave Syrup - Fatty liver, aging skin.
22. High-Fructose Corn Syrup-90 - Same as agave syrup, but also subsidized for no good reason.
23. Maltitol (E965) - Causes stomach and abdominal pain, as well as excessive internal gas and flatulence.
24. Acesulfame K (E950) - Genotoxic and can inhibit glucose fermentation by intestinal bacteria.
25. Sucralose (E955) - Causes leukemia and related blood cancers in male mice. Genotoxic.
26. Saccharin (E954) - Some evidence of an increased risk of bladder cancer. Induces glucose intolerance similar to type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance.

Cooking

1. Solar oven - If sunny, free without panels. Even in winter.
2. Microwave - If you don't need a crust, 0.630 * 0.21 * 365.25 / 60 * 20 = 16 euro per year.
3. Fan oven - Cooks faster and more evenly.
4. Oven - Set and forget.
5. Induction - Needs compatible pan bottom or adapter, 2 * 0.21 * 365.25 / 60 * 20 = 51 euro per year.
6. Ceramic - Easy to clean.
7. Resistance - Red hot.
8. Gas - Explosive.
9. Charcoal - Slow.
10. Wood - Smoky.

• The optimal temperature to break down proteins into amino acids to react with sugars via the Maillard reaction sits between 284-330 degrees Fahrenheit (140-165 degrees Celsius). When food reaches 350 degrees Fahrenheit (176 degrees Celsius), the Maillard reaction starts to burn/char the food, adding bitterness to the carcinogenic acrylamide that forms at 120+°C.
• Caramelization (oxidation of sugar) starts at 320°F (160°C). So reheat your browned food at a lower temperature or it will be less sweet.
• Pyrodextrinization breaks down starch into sugars at 190+°C.
• "Heating and reheating oil can transform it to trans fat which not only raises the bad cholesterol (LDL) levels, but also lowers the good cholesterol (HDL) levels. Additionally, it increases insulin resistance, and thus the chances of diabetes, along with being carcinogenic." - Ritika Samaddar, Regional Head, South Zone, Dietetics, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi
• Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) like Teflon contained cancer-causing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) before 2013, so don't eat them.
• Teflon is the most well-known brand name of PTFE based coatings. Other sources of PTFE include drip pans, waffle irons, clothing irons, ironing board covers, heating elements, and heat lamps. When PTFE is heated to over 280℃ (536℉), it releases toxic particles and acidic gases which are toxic when inhaled.
• Teflon itself warns:
  • Avoid preheating nonstick pans on high heat without food in them—always start at a lower temperature using a fat like oil or butter or with the food already included. Empty pots and pans reach high temperatures very quickly, and when heated accidentally over 348 °C (660 °F) the coating can begin to deteriorate. Butter, fats, and cooking oils begin smoking at 204 °C (400 °F).
  • Do not use nonstick cookware and bakeware in ovens hotter than 260 °C (500 °F). Higher temperatures can discolor the surface of coating or cause it to lose some of its nonstick properties.
  • Use your stove’s exhaust fan when cooking.
  • Use a stove burner that matches the size of the pan bottom.
  • Remove any cookware or bakeware stored in your oven before using an oven's self-cleaning setting.

Cleaning

• A scourer can clean microwave combi oven plates (with soap) and toilet bowls (with vinegar (2.5 pH of acetic acid in water; stronger can damage your toilet); overnight weekly or less, depending on calcium + magnesium = limescale buildup).
• Black iron deposits in your water cooker can be dissolved overnight using lemon juice (pH 2-3 citric acid in water).
• Brush 2+ times a day. Preferably after every meal.
• Wash clothes and body before meeting people. Or after if they smoke.
• Underwear daily, overwear (pants, shirts, sheets) weekly, outerwear (coats) every season or two. Depending on how dirty you get.

Fun & Games

• Sailor Moon > The Matrix > Terminator 2 > The Evil Dead (1981) > Braindead (Dead Alive) > Star Wars 6 > Star Wars 4 > Star Wars 5 > Jurassic Park > The Slayers (+ Next & Try) > My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic (first 5 seasons) > The Lion King > Naruto > The Terminator > Breaking Bad (long but excellent) > Monty Python and the Holy Grail > Aliens > Alita: Battle Angel > Samurai Pizza Cats > Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles > South Park > Ren & Stimpy > ThunderCats (yet to rewatch it) > Tremors > Dark City > The Crow > Family Guy > The Simpsons > 'Allo 'Allo > Blackadder > Natural Born Killers > That '70s Show > Better Call Saul (a bit slow but picks up) > The Boondocks > Beavis and Butt-Head > Xena: Warrior Princess > Alien (classic) > The Toxic Avenger > Sliders (before doc left) > The Girl From Tomorrow (haven't rewatched it yet) > The Odyssey > Azumanga Daioh > Lucky Star > New Kids > Popoz > Star Trek: The Next Generation (slow but positive) > JoJo's Bizarre Adventure (1st 5 seasons) > Black Mirror (slow) > Charmed (did not age well).
• Spotify Premium (Lots of short melodies. Dio > Arch Enemy > Iron Maiden) > YouTube Premium (Educational except for the sponsor ads, spam, and braindead features. Transcripts aren't to the point like articles.) > Netflix (Doesn't autoskip credits when i want it to. Only 1x speed on my TVs.) > porn (quick and easy, but often poor dialogue) > roleplay (most suck at it) > sex (good if there's a connection) > TV (slow, spammy, and inaccurate guides since y2k) > workout (arguably less productive than sex) > travel (good food can be had locally) > sports (bowls is relaxing) > dance (fun with an attractive partner i guess) > gossip (get a life) > fashion (wasteful) > flirting (just ask instead of wink/stare/grind/greet/ask for homework help/tell me about your little fire i can put out) > drugs (should not be needed).
• Left 4 Dead (teamwork, no pay2win, D&D and most zombie movies without the boring parts) > Magic: The Gathering (depending on balance and opponent) > Super Mario Kart (autobalances) > Carcassonne > Team Fortress 2 (random balance and too many bots) > Super Mario Bros. 3 > TowerFall Ascension > Duck Game > Guitar Hero > Dance Dance Revolution > Dead or Alive > Street Fighter 2+ > Mortal Kombat 2 > Final Fantasy 7 > Chess > Stratego > Catan > Checkers > Go (hard to score and barely anyone plays it in the Netherlands) > Warhammer 40k (cooler simpler D&D with epic lore, but expensive to paint) > Warhammer > Dungeons & Dragons (aka Math: The Game) > Uno (boring and tiny cards)
• Magic deckbox: Ultra Pro Satin (deepest and doesn't scratch your binder, but the dice compartment doesn't fit large bundle dice) > Ultimate Guard > Gamegenic (less deep than UG) > Dragon Shield (bit burry and blue is more like black) > Legion (nice print but small and gappy)
• Magic sleeves: Ultra Pro Eclipse (black on the inside, so not translucent) > Dragon Shield (smooth back is prone to scuffs) > Ultra Pro (Stamp can be distracting. Too smooth when new and too rough when old.) > Legion (nice print but white on the inside) > Ultra Pro Print (peel when shuffled by a n00b)
• Movie reviews: IMDB (stable and large, but reviews must be long) > Letterboxd (many ads) > Rotten Tomatoes (buggy, lost my 200 or so reviews and Facebook login) > Livejournal (who reads that?) > Facebook (lost all ratings and reviews)

Return On Investment

1. Job - Specialization increases efficiency.
2. Working from home - No more time and energy wasted on commutes and office buildings.
3. Roundabout - As soon as in use.
4. Recycling - Immediate (Biomass like ground coffee in the garden where plants don't mind a slightly acidic toxin. Heavy metal like lead from batteries instead of ore.) to unknown (plastic).
5. Laserprinter - Faster and thrice as cheap (4 vs 12 cents per page) as an inkjet, with dusty polyester toner but no clogged heads or smeared pages. If yours prints garbage, reinstall the printer driver.
6. Stocks - Variable.
7. LED lights - 7 W instead of 60 W, so at 3 euro instead of 1.5 euro for halogen, that's about 0.5 * 400 hours * 60 minutes * 60 seconds * 60 W * (0.13 euro / kilowatt (100 * 60 * 60)) = 200 hours.
8. Vape - No more lingering tobacco stench, fire hazard litter, or irritating nicotine pesticide, in less than a month!
9. Big magnet to pick up road debris - Alleged 1 month, but a sweeper also does aluminum.
10. E-bike - 700 USD for a conversion kit, so at 10 USD per daily commute, that's 700/10/5/4= 3.5 months. Urban Arrow's electric cargo bike can transport 350 kg, more than the average van load of 130 kg, and the family bike replaces city cars for many. A cart might be more flexible and efficient.
11. Bidet - 2/3 less triple-ply TP, so <6 months for 36 USD model.
12. Menstrual Cup - 6-8 months.
13. Wind turbine - 8 months.
14. Electric pickup truck - Resells for more than original price thanks to supply and demand in April 2022.
15. Tesla Model 3 or Y EV - 19 months. Compared to a fossil fuel car, you can charge it at home instead of a toxic fuel stop. It eliminates stinky fuel in residential areas. Electric motors are much more efficient than internal explosion engines, offsetting the lower energy density of the batteries. Batteries can be recycled as they're not ejected into childrens' lungs during use. Regular cars use batteries, anyway, but their pooling flammable and explosive fuel is usually owned by rich misogynists who fund politicians and media with their benefit of massive subsidies and keeping silent on oil wars like Yemen. You can also get paid to charge your car with excess grid power, which is extremely efficient compared to hydrogen which is sparse outside of water and (prehistoric) biomass.
16. Electric semi truck? - Electric motors with batteries are more efficient than renewable gas. A passenger car with a diesel combustion engine consuming 5.5 l biodiesel per 100 km travels approx. 32000 km with the annual yield of a 1 hectare rapeseed field of 1775 l/(ha*a) [FNR]. With the annual yield of a new PV plant (1 MW/ha, 980 MWh/MW) on the same area, a battery electric vehicle (e-car, consumption 16 kWh per 100 km) travels approx. 6.1 million km, the range is higher by a factor of 190. A semi has 50 m2 for solar, which is 5 kW in Germany according to https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/ise/en/documents/publications/studies/recent-facts-about-photovoltaics-in-germany.pdf Long haul diesel trucks can go almost 4 times as far for 1/3 the upfront cost, but despite running on old filtered cooking oil or wood gas, combustion engines are fussy about oxygen.
17. Agrivoltaics / crop-top PV - Higher electricity generation while reducing the amount of water needed for irrigation by 47 per cent and growing cabbages that were 24 per cent larger.
18. Photovoltaics - 24 months or less.
19. Veggie garden - 2 years?
20. 10 minute 5.3 L/m shower vs 120 liter bath - (59 / ((120 - (5.3 * 10)) * (1.03 / 1000)) / 365.25 * 12 =) 28 months. 2 months less per daily minute less. If you like to take over (120 / 5.3 =) 22.6 minutes / sequential people, a bath is cheaper and can hold 16 liters if you need to survive for 14 days in the UK.
21. Grid battery - 2.5 years. Potentially 15 months using compressed CO2 instead of lithium. CAVs have similar range and efficiency to BEVs, so why aren't pneumobiles more popular?
22. High Rotor Pole Switched or Synchronous Reluctance Motor - Alleged <3 years.
23. Home grid battery - 5 years.
24. Canal-top solar / floatovoltaics - 8 years.
25. Solar water heater - 5000 / (180 * 2.31) = 12 years.
26. Passive house design - 23 years.
27. Survival prep - In Western countries and other liberal democracies, estimates for the value of a statistical life typically range from US$1 million—US$10 million; for example, the United States FEMA estimated the value of a statistical life at US$7.5 million in 2020. Pessimistic scenario: 12,000 USD shelter cost / (1e6 USD life value * (81 deaths in 1955 / 2,093,000 population in 1955) chance of death per year) = 310 years. 31 if you're a 10x human. 7.75 if you're frugal as well. Even less if you're not the only one in that shelter.

See also tech fails.

Such a generalist technical !!
I really like this !!

Such a generalist technical !! I really like this !!

Thanks!