In a short note, YAML files represent configuration data in most of the times. According to Wikipedia: YAML "is a human-friendly data serialization standard for all programming languages". Basically we can say that is similar to XML and JSON notation and it is pretty used on DevOps activities for IaC configurations and for sharing data across multiple applications.
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key-Value Pair: there's nothing more to say to this. You have a "Key" that acts as an Identification for value itself.
Here's an example: