1.explanation.js

function header(name) {
  console.log("\n\033[35m-----  " + name + "  -----\033[0m")
}

function p(...inspections) {
  inspections.forEach(inspection => console.dir(inspection, {colors: true}))
}


header("Getting 'false'")
p([])          // [] an empty array
p(![])         // false
p(![]+[])      // "false" (obviously this should just explode, but nope -.-)


header("Getting 'true'")
p([])           // []
p(!![])         // true
p(!![]+[])      // "true" (obviously this should just explode, but nope -.-)


header("Getting 'undefined'")
p([])            // []
p([][0])         // undefined (its accessing index 0 of an empty array)
p([][[]])        // undefined (obviously this should just explode, but nope -.-)
p(undefined+[])  // "undefined" (obviously this should just explode, but nope -.-)
p([][[]]+[])     // "undefined" (obviously this should just explode, but nope -.-)


header("Getting 0, 1, 2, ...")
p([])            // []
p(+[])           // 0 (unary plus applied to a non-number, it just gets cast to 0)
p(+true)         // 1 (in languages like JS and C, 0 is false and 1 is true,
                 //    so in that regard, the unary + is like converting true to a number,
                 //    which would be the number 1)
p(+!![])         // 1
p(+!![] + +!![]) // 2


header("A second way to get 1")
p([])    // []
p(+[])   // 0
p(!+[])  // true = !0
p(+!+[]) // 1 = +true


header("Getting 10")
p(+!+[])          // 1
p([+[]])          // [0]
p(+!+[] + [+[]])  // "10" (they get concatenated as strings)
p(+"10")          // 10 (coerces the string into a number)
p(+(+!+[]+[+[]])) // 10


header("Getting characters")
p("false"[1])      // "a"
p("false"[+!![]])  // "a"
p((![]+[])[+!![]]) // "a" (uses "false" from earlier)


header("Building words ('alert', but we could also build 'filter')")
p((![]+[])[+!![]]            + // a: "false"[1]
  (![]+[])[+!![]+!+[]]       + // l: "false"[2]
  (!![]+[])[+!![]+!+[]+!+[]] + // e: "true"[3]
  (!![]+[])[+!![]]           + // r: "true"[1]
  (!![]+[])[+[]]               // t: "true"[0]
)                              // "alert"


header("Accessing functions and more characters to draw from")
p([])              // an empty array
p([].filter)       // the array's filter function
p([]["filter"])    // the array's filter function
p([]["filter"]+[]) // the filter function's string representation, 'function filter() { [native code] }'


header("Building functions")
p(Function("return 1 + 1"))    // function() { return 1 + 1 }
p(Function("return 1 + 1")())  // 2 (invokes it)
p([]["filter"])                // the array's filter function
p([]["filter"]["constructor"]) // Function

// build and invoke the function using only bracket access and strings that we can build
p([]["filter"]["constructor"]("return 1 + 1")())


// So in their case, removing the code that builds the strings,
// the whole program becomes this:
//   []["filter"]["constructor"]('alert("Hello, world!");')()
//
// Which is this:
//   Function('alert("Hello, world!");')()
//
// Which is this:
//   (function() { alert("Hello, world!"); })()
//
// Which is this:
//   alert("Hello, world!")

2.explain_this.js

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