SQL.md

Discussion about SQL:

1. What is SQL, and what are some of its primary functions?
2. SQL is a declarative query language, what does that mean?
3. SQL is the industry standart for relational databases, what does a realtional database mean?
4. What is a database management system? and which ones are the most popular?
5. What are some of the most common SQL commands, and how are they used to manipulate data?

Team members : @MOHAMMAD-ALMOHAMMAD @HishamWattar @OmarQaqish Mahmoud alshahin
1-Structured query language (SQL) is a programming language for storing and processing information in a relational database,
Primary functions :
AVG() - Returns the average value
COUNT() - Returns the number of rows
FIRST() - Returns the first value
LAST() - Returns the last value
MAX() - Returns the largest value
MIN() - Returns the smallest value
SUM() - Returns the sum

2-Declarative query languages let users express what data to retrieve, letting the engine underneath take care of seamlessly retrieving it. They function in a more general manner and involve giving broad instructions about what task is to be completed, rather than the specifics on how to complete it.

3-A relational database is a type of database that stores and provides access to data points that are related to one another. Relational databases are based on the relational model, an intuitive, straightforward way of representing data in tables. In a relational database

4-A database management system (DBMS) is software to create and manage databases, allowing users to create, read, update and delete data in a database, ORacel , MYSQL , MONGODB

5-Common commands :
-SELECT command: can be used to select certain records from the database.
-GROUPBY command: orders the rows of the database by certain attributes, such as the count of employee in each department
-COUNT command: it is an aggregation function that returns a single value, it is similar to the reduce method in javascript

Rasam Rabiee, Tesnim Nakilci, Jimaa Maya

1-(SQL) is a standardized programming language that is used to manage relational databases and perform various operations on the data in them.
AVG() - Returns the average value.
COUNT() - Returns the number of rows.
FIRST() - Returns the first value.
LAST() - Returns the last value.
MAX() - Returns the largest value.
MIN() - Returns the smallest value.
SUM() - Returns the sum.

2-As a declarative language, SQL allows users to describe the data they want to retrieve from a database, rather than specifying how to retrieve it. This means that users can focus on what they want to achieve, rather than the implementation details of how to achieve it.

3- A relational database is a type of database that stores and provides access to data points that are related to one another. Relational databases are based on the relational model, an intuitive, straightforward way of representing data in tables.

4-A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software that facilitates the creation, organization, retrieval, modification, and management of data in a database. It provides an interface for users and applications to interact with the database. Some of the most popular DBMSs include Oracle, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and SQLite.

5-SELECT: used to retrieve data from one or more tables in a database.
INSERT: used to add new data to a table.
UPDATE: used to modify existing data in a table.
DELETE: used to remove data from a table.
JOIN: used to combine data from two or more tables based on a related column.
WHERE: used to filter data based on specific criteria.
ORDER BY: used to sort data in ascending or descending order based on one or more columns.
GROUP BY: used to group data based on one or more columns.
HAVING: used to filter data in a GROUP BY query based on specific criteria.
INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database.
CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database.
ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database.
CREATE TABLE - creates a new table.

team: @sheidanouri @tareqharh
1-SQL is the standard language for dealing with Relational Databases. SQL can be used to insert, search, update, and delete database records. SQL can do lots of other operations, including optimizing and maintenance of databases.
2-SQL is a declarative query language that is the industry standard for relational databases1. SQL is a set-based programming language that is not imperative like C or BASIC2. SQL is a non-procedural query language that only requires you to specify the "what to do" part and not the "how to do it" part3. In a declarative query language, you specify the pattern of the data you want, but not how to achieve that goal
3-A relational database is a type of database that stores and manages data in tables or "relations" that are linked or related to each other through common data values or keys. In a relational database, each table represents a particular entity or object, and the columns in the table represent attributes or properties of that entity.
4-A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software system that allows users to store, retrieve, and manage large amounts of data efficiently. Some popular DBMS include Oracle, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
5-Some of the most common SQL commands include SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT INTO, CREATE DATABASE, ALTER DATABASE, and CREATE TABLE123. These commands are used to extract, update, delete, insert, create, and modify data in a database. Data Manipulation Language (DML) commands include INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE2. Aggregate functions like COUNT, MAX, MIN, SUM, and AVG are also commonly used in SQL

@abdulrahmanalbakkar @noorin99 @ilaydanurguzel1
Q1.
SQL is a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases. And here are some of its primary functions:
AVG() - Returns the average value
COUNT() - Returns the number of rows
FIRST() - Returns the first value
LAST() - Returns the last value
MAX() - Returns the largest value
MIN() - Returns the smallest value
SUM() - Returns the sum

Q2.
In computer science, declarative programming is a programming paradigm, a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs, that expresses the logic of a computation without describing its control flow.
So in SQL u just say select something from something, u just declare it u don't tell the logic how to fetch that data that's y its declarative.

Q3.
A relational database is a type of database that stores and provides access to data points that are related to one another.

Q4.
Software system that enables users to define, create, maintain and control access to the database". Examples of DBMS's include MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle Database, and Microsoft Access.

Q5.
SELECT - extracts data from a database.
UPDATE - updates data in a database.
DELETE - deletes data from a database.
INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database.
CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database.
ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database.
CREATE TABLE - creates a new table.

Teammates: Mustapha Nori, Nezir Aydın, Cansu Aysagdic

1. Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standardized programming language that is used to manage relational databases and perform various operations on the data in them. SQL is used to communicate with a database. it is the standard language for relational database management systems. SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as update data on a database, or retrieve data from a database. Some of its primary functions are:
   AVG() - Returns the average value.
   COUNT() - Returns the number of rows.
   FIRST() - Returns the first value.
   LAST() - Returns the last value.
   MAX() - Returns the largest value.
   MIN() - Returns the smallest value.
   SUM() - Returns the sum.
2. Declarative programming is a paradigm describing WHAT the program does, without explicitly specifying its control flow. it is nonprocedural. This means, while coding, you will not be interested in how you want the job done.
3. A relational database is a type of database that stores and provides access to data points that are related to one another. Relational databases are based on the relational model, an intuitive, straightforward way of representing data in tables.
4. Software systems used to store, retrieve, and run queries on data. A DBMS serves as an interface between an end-user and a database, allowing users to create, read, update, and delete data in the database. Most popular database management systems are: Oracle, MySql, Microsoft SQL Server.
5. SELECT - extracts data from a database.
   UPDATE - updates data in a database.
   DELETE - deletes data from a database.
   INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database.
   CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database.
   ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database.
   CREATE TABLE - creates a new table.

Omid Kayhani | Özlem Keleş | Ramin S

1. SQL is a programming language for querying data from relational databases. You can query the database to retrieve and manipulate data from the database according to your desire. Examples are:
   AVG() - Returns the average value.
   COUNT() - Returns the number of rows.
   FIRST() - Returns the first value.
   LAST() - Returns the last value.
   MAX() - Returns the largest value.
   MIN() - Returns the smallest value.
   SUM() - Returns the sum.

2. Users of SQL specify what data they want and how they want it when they retrieve, insert, update, or delete. When you write a SQL query, you specify the conditions that the data must meet in order to be included in the result set, as well as any other criteria that you want to apply, such as sorting or grouping.

3. A relational database is one with specific attributes based on which all the data points are.

4. A DBMS is a system that handles your query requirements seamlessly without you having to specifically code how your query must be handled. Oracle, PostgreSQL, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL.

5. SELECT: The SELECT command is used to retrieve data from a database. It is used to specify the columns that you want to retrieve, as well as any conditions that the data must meet in order to be included in the result set.

INSERT: The INSERT command is used to add new data to a database. It is used to specify the table that you want to insert data into, as well as the values that you want to insert into the table.

UPDATE: The UPDATE command is used to modify existing data in a database. It is used to specify the table that you want to update, as well as the new values that you want to set for the specified columns. You can also include a WHERE clause to specify the conditions that the data must meet in order to be updated.

DELETE: The DELETE command is used to remove data from a database. It is used to specify the table that you want to delete data from, as well as the conditions that the data must meet in order to be deleted.

CREATE: The CREATE command is used to create new tables, views, indexes, and other database objects. It is used to specify the name of the object that you want to create, as well as the columns or other properties that it should have.

DROP: The DROP command is used to delete tables, views, indexes, and other database objects. It is used to specify the name of the object that you want to delete.

@masterofalune @Silvor23 @Vekilbyv @Gullied
1- SQL (pronounced "sequel") stands for Structured Query Language and is a standardized language that is used to add, delete, and modify data stored within a relational database.
2- This means, while coding, you will not be interested in how you want the job done.
3- A relational database is a type of database that stores and provides access to data points that are related to one another.
4- A database management system (or DBMS) is essentially nothing more than a computerized data-keeping system.
PostgreSQL.
MySQL.
Oracle.
Microsoft SQL Server.
MongoDB.
5- Some of The Most Important SQL Commands
SELECT - extracts data from a database.
UPDATE - updates data in a database.
DELETE - deletes data from a database.
INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database.
CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database.
ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database.
CREATE TABLE - creates a new table.

Members: Radman, Mohamad Aid, Rayan Alrouh

1. Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standardized programming language that is used to manage relational databases and perform various operations on the data in them.
2. SQL being a declarative query language means that you only specify what data you want to retrieve or modify, without specifying how to achieve it.
3. A relational database is a collection of information that organizes data in predefined relationships where data is stored in one or more tables (or "relations") of columns and rows, making it easy to see and understand how different data structures relate to each other. In a relational database, the tables are designed to minimize data redundancy and to ensure data consistency and integrity. SQL is the industry standard language used to manipulate and query relational databases, allowing users to retrieve and modify data stored in these tables.
4. DBMSs help you store, organize, access, and analyze your data using SQL. The most popular databases usually model your data using multiple tables, which are made up of rows and columns. This structure makes processing and data querying efficient, which means you can easily access, manage, modify, and update information as needed. PostgreSQL. MySQL. Oracle. MongoDB.
5. SELECT - extracts data from a database. UPDATE - updates data in a database. DELETE - deletes data from a database. INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database.

Team members: @houzifahabbo ,@AsliSema ,@ahmadalashtar

1-SQl is Structured Query Language, abbreviated as SQL, is a domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a relational database management system, or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system, and its primary functions are:

    - Data definition.
    - Data manipulation.
    - Data control.
    - Data transactions.
    - Data reporting

2- Declarative query languages let users express what data to retrieve, letting the engine underneath take care of seamlessly retrieving it. They function in a more general manner and involve giving broad instructions about what task is to be completed, rather than the specifics on how to complete it.

3- A relational database is a system that stores and provides access to related data points through tables. Each table consists of rows representing unique records with a key and columns holding attributes of the data. This structure allows for easy establishment of relationships among data points, making it simple to understand how different data structures relate to one another.

4- A database management system (DBMS) is a software application that allows users to store, manage, and retrieve data from a database. The most popular DBMSs are Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL Server.

5-

    - SELECT - extracts data from a database.
    - UPDATE - updates data in a database.
    - DELETE - deletes data from a database.
    - INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database.
    - CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database.
    - ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database.
    - CREATE TABLE - creates a new table.

@Irzooqi Yasir Irzooqi @idincer944 İsmail Dincer @saidbaradai Atakan Serbes,
1# What is SQL, and what are some of its primary functions?

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard language used to communicate with and manipulate relational databases. It is used to create, retrieve, update, and delete data stored in a database.
Relational databases are databases that store data with keys and/or values that are related to each other across tables

2# SQL is a declarative query language, what does that mean?
A declarative query language is a programming language that expresses the logic of a computation without describing its control flow. In other words, it specifies what the output should be, but not how to compute it. SQL is a declarative query language that is the industry standard for relational databases

In SQL, you specify the pattern of the data you want, but not how to achieve that goal. You only need to specify the “what to do” part and not the “how to do it” part.

3# SQL is the industry standard for relational databases, what does a relational database mean?
Relational databases are databases that store data with keys and/or values that are related to each other across tables

A relational database is a type of database that organizes data into one or more tables, where each table consists of rows and columns. The columns represent the attributes or properties of the data, and the rows represent individual records or instances of the data.

4# What is a database management system? and which ones are the most popular?

A database management system (DBMS) is software that enables users to create, manage, and manipulate databases. It provides an interface for interacting with the data, as well as tools for organizing and protecting the data, and optimizing the performance of the database.

Most popular are: MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL, MongoDB

5# What are some of the most common SQL commands, and how are they used to manipulate data?

SELECT
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
CREATE

The SELECT command is used to retrieve data from one or more tables in a database.
The INSERT command is used to insert new data into a table.
The INSERT command is used to insert new data into a table.

@handedemirbay @baraah-berra @tomiece317

1-SQL is a programming language used to manage and manipulate data in relational databases. It allows users to create and modify database structures, retrieve data from tables, insert, update, and delete data, control access to the database, and manage transactions.

2- Declarative query languages let users express what data to retrieve, letting the engine underneath take care of seamlessly retrieving it. When we say that SQL (Structured Query Language) is a declarative language, we mean that it is a language used to describe the result we want, rather than describing the steps needed to achieve that result. With SQL, you specify what data you want to retrieve, rather than how to retrieve it. The database management system (DBMS) then figures out the best way to execute the query and return the requested data. This is in contrast to imperative languages, such as programming languages, where the developer writes code that explicitly states the steps to be taken to achieve the desired outcome.

3- A relational database is a type of database that stores and provides access to data points that are related to one another. Relational databases are based on the relational model, an intuitive, straightforward way of representing data in tables. In a relational database, each row in the table is a record with a unique ID called the key. The columns of the table hold attributes of the data, and each record usually has a value for each attribute, making it easy to establish the relationships among data points.

4- A database management system (or DBMS) is essentially nothing more than a computerized data-keeping system. Users of the system are given facilities to perform several kinds of operations on such a system for either manipulation of the data in the database or the management of the database structure itself. Database Management Systems (DBMSs) are categorized according to their data structures or types.
PostgreSQL.
MySQL.
Oracle.
Microsoft SQL Server.
MongoDB.
5- Most common SQL commands are;
SELECT - extracts data from a database.
UPDATE - updates data in a database.
DELETE - deletes data from a database.
INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database.
CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database.
ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database.
CREATE TABLE - creates a new table.

Ahmed Rasheed, Bedreddin Naser, M,Nour Krimesh, Rawan Kamal Musataf

1. SQL is a programming language for managing and manipulating data in relational database management systems. Its primary functions include data retrieval, modification, definition, and control.
2. SQL is a declarative query language, which means that you express what you want to do and let the database management system (DBMS) It means that users only need to specify what they want to do with the data. The database management system determines the most efficient way to execute the query.
3. A relational database organizes data into tables and relates them to each other based on common fields. SQL is the industry standard for managing and querying data in this type of database.
4. A database management system (DBMS) is software that allows users to create, manage, and manipulate databases. Popular DBMSs include Oracle, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and IBM DB2. The choice of DBMS depends on the requirements of the application.
5. SELECT - extracts data from a database.
   UPDATE - updates data in a database.
   DELETE - deletes data from a database.
   INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database.
   CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database.
   ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database.
   CREATE TABLE - creates a new table.

Zehra, Edib, Motaz

1. Structured query language (SQL) is a programming language for storing and processing information in a relational database. A relational database stores information in tabular form, with rows and columns representing different data attributes and the various relationships between the data values. You can use SQL statements to store, update, remove, search, and retrieve information from the database. You can also use SQL to maintain and optimize database performance.

Rowset functions Return an object that can be used like table references in an SQL statement.

2. In computer science, declarative programming is a programming paradigm, a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs, that expresses the logic of a computation without describing its control flow. So in SQL u just say select something from something, u just declare it u don't tell the logic how to fetch that data that's y its declarative.

3. A relational database is a type of database that stores and provides access to data points that are related to one another. Relational databases are based on the relational model, an intuitive, straightforward way of representing data in tables.

Nour Eddin Hamouda, @muhammedhasann, @Younesnz

1- It stands for Structured Query Language for servers. It is used for managing data held in relational database management systems. The main functionality is CRUD (Create, Read, Update, and Delete).

2- SQL is a declarative query language that focuses on describing the desired outcome or result, rather than specifying the steps to achieve that outcome.

3- A relational database is a database that stores data in tables. Tables are made up of rows and columns, where each row represents a record and each column represents a field. Relational databases are based on the relational model, which organizes data so it can be easily queried and manipulated. Relational databases are transactional and guarantee the entire system's state is consistent at any moment. Most relational databases offer easy-to-export and import options, making backup and restore trivial. These exports can happen even while the database is running, making restoring on failure easy.

4- A database management system (DBMS) is a software application that facilitates the creation, maintenance, and use of databases. A DBMS provides users with a way to create and manage databases without having to know the underlying details of how the database is stored and organized.
some of the popular DBMSs are:

• MySQL
• PostgreSQL
• MongoDB

5-

• SELECT: The SELECT command is used to retrieve data from a database. The SELECT statement can be used to select specific columns, rows, or tables from a database.
• UPDATE: The UPDATE command is used to update data in a database. The UPDATE statement can be used to update the values of specific columns in a table.
• DELETE: The DELETE command is used to delete data from a database. The DELETE statement can be used to delete specific rows or tables from a database.
• INSERT INTO: The INSERT INTO command is used to insert new data into a database. The INSERT INTO statement can be used to insert new rows into a table.
• CREATE TABLE: The CREATE TABLE command is used to create a new table in a database. The CREATE TABLE statement defines the structure of the table, including the columns and their data types.

Fatima Ali, Iroda Yılmaz, Bara'a Almasri
1- Structured query language (SQL) is a standard language for database creation and manipulation. Sum, Avg, Count, First, last
2-They function in a more general manner and involve giving broad instructions about what task is to be completed, rather than the specifics on how to complete it.
3-A relational database is a collection of data items with pre-defined relationships between them. These items are organized as a set of tables with columns and rows. Tables are used to hold information about the objects to be represented in the database.
4-Database Management Systems (DBMS) are software systems used to store, retrieve, and run queries on data. A DBMS serves as an interface between an end-user and a database, allowing users to create, read, update, and delete data in the database.
5. SELECT - extracts data from a database
UPDATE - updates data in a database
DELETE - deletes data from a database
INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
DROP TABLE - deletes a table
CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
DROP INDEX - deletes an index