ESP8266 Wi-Fi WPA2 Enterprise example

esp8266_wpa2_enterprise_example.ino

#include  <ESP8266WiFi.h>

extern "C" {
#include "user_interface.h"
#include "wpa2_enterprise.h"
#include "c_types.h"
}

// SSID to connect to
char ssid[] = "TEST_KRA";
char username[] = "matheus_garbelini";
char identity[] = "matheus_garbelini";
char password[] = "testtest";


uint8_t target_esp_mac[6] = {0x24, 0x0a, 0xc4, 0x9a, 0x58, 0x28};
void setup() {

  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  Serial.begin(115200);
  delay(1000);
  Serial.setDebugOutput(true);
  Serial.printf("SDK version: %s\n", system_get_sdk_version());
  Serial.printf("Free Heap: %4d\n",ESP.getFreeHeap());
  
  // Setting ESP into STATION mode only (no AP mode or dual mode)
  wifi_set_opmode(STATION_MODE);

  struct station_config wifi_config;

  memset(&wifi_config, 0, sizeof(wifi_config));
  strcpy((char*)wifi_config.ssid, ssid);
  strcpy((char*)wifi_config.password, password);

  wifi_station_set_config(&wifi_config);
  wifi_set_macaddr(STATION_IF,target_esp_mac);
  

  wifi_station_set_wpa2_enterprise_auth(1);

  // Clean up to be sure no old data is still inside
  wifi_station_clear_cert_key();
  wifi_station_clear_enterprise_ca_cert();
  wifi_station_clear_enterprise_identity();
  wifi_station_clear_enterprise_username();
  wifi_station_clear_enterprise_password();
  wifi_station_clear_enterprise_new_password();
  
  wifi_station_set_enterprise_identity((uint8*)identity, strlen(identity));
  wifi_station_set_enterprise_username((uint8*)username, strlen(username));
  wifi_station_set_enterprise_password((uint8*)password, strlen((char*)password));

  
  wifi_station_connect();
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(1000);
    Serial.print(".");
  }

  Serial.println("WiFi connected");
  Serial.println("IP address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}

void loop() {
}

Hi @ziogianni,

It appears we are using the same board, mine is also an ESP8266 based NodeMCU "Amica" board I got off Amazon link here.

Short answer I've selected ("NodeMCU 1.0 (ESP-12E Module)") for the board.

I actually ran into some issues this evening while playing around with the code.
I am now trying to connect a smart RGBW downlight that uses a generic ESP8266 module to the WPA2 Enterprise network by reflashing it and haven't had any luck just the same boot loop issue. After an hour or so of trying I went back to using my NodeMCU, but forgot to switch the board type back. The sketch uploaded to the NodeMCU fine as you stated but was stuck in our previous discussed boot loop.

at least for this chip, many configurations seem to work (generic esp8266, feather, 12E) but maybe they lack of some features like wpa2 enterprise

I believe you are correct with the lack of some features as it seems that when the "Generic ESP8266 Module" is selected for the board the ESP refuses to connect to the network and gets stuck in a boot loop @Matheus-Garbelini hopefully knows more as I really have no idea.

Although once I reuploaded the sketch with the proper board selected ("NodeMCU 1.0 (ESP-12E Module)") the NodeMCU seemed to connect to the network just fine.

Hello V-R-E, I'm going to try your hints, maybe there's a part of the memory not fully erased while uploading sketchs with the IDE default settings. For the time being, since I had an esp32 at hand I also tried to use that chip for wpa2 enterprise authentication: It works fine with peap-tls (using username and password) but I'm having hard time to use eap-tls which requires client/server certificates for authentication. I'll keep you updated. Cheers

hi @ziogianni, you may need to confirm this, but check your EAP server logs, ESP32 may be using eap-tls version 1.0, which is can be rejected by EAP servers such as FreeRadius. In this case, I've had success by changing a TLS config as exemplified here: https://github.com/Matheus-Garbelini/esp32_esp8266_attacks#attention

This may be different depending on what EAP server you are using. I've no idea if this is possible on Windows EAP server for example.

Hello Matheus, thanks for making me notice that. I've been using freeradius server, so as you suggest I need to check whether it's possible to enable TLS 1.0 like you did in hostapd. Now I'm unable to check but if I recall well there should be a parameter to be set in the eap.cnf file. I'll let you know. Many thanks

@Matheus-Garbelini Is it possible to manually configure the IP address in your code instead of using DHCP addressing?

I currently have our IT department reserving the IP address for my NodeMCU by using its device name, which works but I'd prefer to be able to configure the IP on my end.

hi @ziogianni, you may need to confirm this, but check your EAP server logs, ESP32 may be using eap-tls version 1.0, which is can be rejected by EAP servers such as FreeRadius. In this case, I've had success by changing a TLS config as exemplified here: https://github.com/Matheus-Garbelini/esp32_esp8266_attacks#attention

This may be different depending on what EAP server you are using. I've no idea if this is possible on Windows EAP server for example.

Hi @Matheus-Garbelini, I gave a check to the freeradius configuration files and as I supposed there was a section related to the TLS settings.
The two variables I found tls_min_version and tls_max_version in the eap.cnf file are respectively set to 1.0 and 1.3.

So TLS 1.0 should be already supported by the server I'm using.

Hello @ziogianni I was having a similar issue while using a NodeMCU. The board would try to connect then reboot, it would occasionally obtain an IP but would only stay connected to the network for about 8 seconds before rebooting again.

The thing that seemed to fix the problem for me was to go to the Tools tab in the Arduino IDE and after selecting the proper ESP board there should be an Erase Flash: drop down option towards the bottom. Try changing the default setting of "Only Sketch" to "All Flash Contents" I hope this helps.

@V-R-E Unfortunately it didn't work for me, it restarts and keeps saying Connection Status: 4

So it is possible to use WPA2 Enterprise with an esp8266?

Just a heads up everyone, if identity is not set, it will not be empty, it is acutually set to anonymous@espressif.com.

Here's my version of the above with websocket, works with peap mschapv2 at my uni:

https://gist.github.com/venetanji/d71dc271ebf51236ec6ce99aa48eee26

Hi, I'm getting this message from the Serial Monitor constantly. I am using a NodeMCU v1.0 board. I already set Erase Flash option to All flash contents but did not work.

Any comments on how to solve it?

,,,,,,,,,,pm open,type:2 0
14:40:29.211 -> ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,state: 5 -> 0 (2)
14:40:48.703 -> rm 0
14:40:48.703 -> pm close 7
14:40:48.703 -> reconnect
14:40:48.805 -> scandone
14:40:48.805 -> state: 0 -> 2 (b0)
14:40:48.805 -> state: 2 -> 3 (0)
14:40:48.805 -> state: 3 -> 5 (10)
14:40:48.805 -> add 0
14:40:48.805 -> aid 1
14:40:48.805 -> cnt
14:40:49.204 -> ,,,,,,,,,,pm open,type:2 0
14:40:59.208 -> ,,,,,,,,

Hi it could be either a problem of certificates or raid server configuration. if you're using certs be sure that they're converted into hex (unsigned char []), then the server needs to accept TLS 1.0 with a low Cipher string (seclevel=1).

Hi, thanks for yout reply.

The certs are in the following format :
char ssid[] = "CNIOPROF";
char username[] = "";
char identity[] = "";
char password[] = "xxxx";
That should be hex, right?

Regarding the TLS, I am using a nodemcu board whose TLS version is 1.2. How can I chech which versions are supported by the server?

After all what I do is basically uploading that code to the nodemcu.

I am quite new to this Arduino environment. Thanks for your patience.

I meet the same problem when use the code above. Using arduino IDE.
hardware: ESP-12F ESP8266MOD
using NodeMCU 1.0(ESP-12E)_ and erase all flash content
after it connect the wifi , it just keep about 8 second and then restart. Why this happened and if there is a valid method to solve this?

Identity must be equal to the username: ***@***.*** As far as I remember, since there’s a bug in the sdk you can only use ***@***.*** as username and identity. Otherwise everything’s going to be overwritten by this specific hard-coded credential. Moreover on the Openssl configuration (server side) you need to force the server to accept TLS 1.0 connections.

If you’re using Arduino IDE, simply select the ESP-12E board and all the libraries will be loaded accordingly. Il giorno sab 25 feb 2023 alle 01:04 bhamicus42 ***@***.***> ha scritto:

…

***@***.**** commented on this gist. ------------------------------ Where can I find the library(ies?) that define WiFi.h, esp_wpa2.h, and esp_wifi.h?

Thanks a lot! I had so much troubles working with esp8266 in the University. Now the problem is solved

`#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

extern "C" {
#include "user_interface.h"
#include "wpa2_enterprise.h"
#include "c_types.h"
}

// SSID to connect to
char ssid[] = "eduroam";
char username[] = "101227402";
char identity[] = "101227402";
char password[] = "passwprd";

uint8_t target_esp_mac[6] = {0x24, 0x0a, 0xc4, 0x9a, 0x58, 0x28};
void setup() {

WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
Serial.begin(115200);
delay(1000);
Serial.setDebugOutput(true);
Serial.printf("SDK version: %s\n", system_get_sdk_version());
Serial.printf("Free Heap: %4d\n",ESP.getFreeHeap());

// Setting ESP into STATION mode only (no AP mode or dual mode)
wifi_set_opmode(STATION_MODE);

struct station_config wifi_config;

memset(&wifi_config, 0, sizeof(wifi_config));
strcpy((char*)wifi_config.ssid, ssid);
strcpy((char*)wifi_config.password, password);

wifi_station_set_config(&wifi_config);
wifi_set_macaddr(STATION_IF,target_esp_mac);

wifi_station_set_wpa2_enterprise_auth(1);

// Clean up to be sure no old data is still inside
wifi_station_clear_cert_key();
wifi_station_clear_enterprise_ca_cert();
wifi_station_clear_enterprise_identity();
wifi_station_clear_enterprise_username();
wifi_station_clear_enterprise_password();
wifi_station_clear_enterprise_new_password();

wifi_station_set_enterprise_identity((uint8*)identity, strlen(identity));
wifi_station_set_enterprise_username((uint8*)username, strlen(username));
wifi_station_set_enterprise_password((uint8*)password, strlen((char*)password));

wifi_station_clear_enterprise_cert_key();
wifi_station_connect();
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(1000);
Serial.print(".");
}

Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.println("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}

void loop() {
}`
####################################################

I am trying to connect to eduroam in my university,
It uses MSCHAPV2 as the Phase 2 Authentication,
And do not Validate the Ca Certificate

I keep getting the error below and it loops forever,
.reconnect
...scandone
state: 0 -> 2 (b0)
state: 2 -> 3 (0)
state: 3 -> 0 (12)
.reconnect
...scandone
state: 0 -> 2 (b0)

If anyone can please guide me or link me to any post to solve this issue, I really do appreciate it very much.

@Teakzieas did you try my version? works ok on my uni's eduroam:

https://gist.github.com/venetanji/d71dc271ebf51236ec6ce99aa48eee26

One difference with your code is I don't set the password with:

strcpy((char*)wifi_config.password, password);

Try commenting that line as it is for regular wpa. The wpa2 enterprise password is actually set with this line below:

wifi_station_set_enterprise_password((uint8*)password, strlen((char*)password));

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

// include wpa2 enterprise code
extern "C" {
#include "user_interface.h"
#include "wpa2_enterprise.h"
}

// SSID, Username and password. Update with yours!

static const char* ssid = "eduroam";
static const char* username = "101227402"; //
static const char* password = "password";

void setup() {

Serial.begin(115200);
delay(1000);
Serial.setDebugOutput(true);
// Setting ESP into STATION mode only (no AP mode or dual mode)
wifi_set_opmode(STATION_MODE);

struct station_config wifi_config;

memset(&wifi_config, 0, sizeof(wifi_config));
strcpy((char*)wifi_config.ssid, ssid);

wifi_station_set_config(&wifi_config);

// Clean up to be sure no old data is still inside
wifi_station_clear_cert_key();
wifi_station_clear_enterprise_ca_cert();

wifi_station_set_wpa2_enterprise_auth(1);

wifi_station_set_enterprise_username((uint8*)username, strlen(username));
wifi_station_set_enterprise_identity((uint8*)username, strlen(username));
wifi_station_set_enterprise_password((uint8*)password, strlen(password));

wifi_station_connect();

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(1000);
Serial.print(".");
}

Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.println("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

}

void loop() {
}

##############################################
i did try your code but i endup in the same place
.reconnect
...scandone
state: 0 -> 2 (b0)
state: 2 -> 3 (0)
state: 3 -> 0 (12)
.reconnect

Could it be the Version of Nodemcu I am using(NodemcuV2)

Hey, thanks for the examples, your code works like a charm when I connect one ESP8266 "Amica" NodeMCU to university eduroam. I am sending IOT data to thingspeak.
Weird issue, whenever I connect a second NodeMCU with the same code (sending to a different thingspeak channel), the first one stops sending data. Might there be an issue with conflicting IP addresses?

Hey, thanks for the examples, your code works like a charm when I connect one ESP8266 "Amica" NodeMCU to university eduroam. I am sending IOT data to thingspeak. Weird issue, whenever I connect a second NodeMCU with the same code (sending to a different thingspeak channel), the first one stops sending data. Might there be an issue with conflicting IP addresses?

It's that part where the MAC is assigned. You've assigned the same MAC to different devices. When one is trying to connect, the other one is kicked from the network. So just change the MAC on one of the devices