A full .htaccess file

.htaccess

# Password protect this directory
# ==========================================
# AuthType Basic
# AuthName "Restricted Area"
# AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/conf/.htpasswd
# require valid-user

# Make PHP code look like other code types
# AddType application/x-httpd-php .asp .py .pl

# Add types for font mime types. This was necesary after chaning the default file type in the httpd.conf 
# to DefaultType application/x-httpd-php
# ===========================================
AddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject    .eot
AddType application/x-font-opentype      .otf
AddType image/svg+xml                    .svg
AddType application/x-font-ttf           .ttf
AddType application/font-woff            .woff

# Set this to development, staging or production
# ============================================
SetEnv PYRO_ENV staging

<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
# force deflate for mangled headers
# developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/posts/2010/12/pushing-beyond-gzipping/
<IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
  <IfModule mod_headers.c>
    SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding
    RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding
  </IfModule>
</IfModule>

# HTML, TXT, CSS, JavaScript, JSON, XML, HTC:
<IfModule filter_module>
  FilterDeclare   COMPRESS
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $text/html
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $text/css
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $text/plain
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $text/xml
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $text/x-component
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/javascript
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/json
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/xml
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/xhtml+xml
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/rss+xml
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/atom+xml
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/vnd.ms-fontobject
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $image/svg+xml
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/x-font-ttf
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $font/opentype
  FilterChain     COMPRESS
  FilterProtocol  COMPRESS  DEFLATE change=yes;byteranges=no
</IfModule>

<IfModule !mod_filter.c>
  # Legacy versions of Apache
  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/css application/json
  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/javascript
  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/xml application/xml text/x-component
  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xhtml+xml application/rss+xml application/atom+xml
  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE image/svg+xml application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf font/opentype
</IfModule>
</IfModule>

<IfModule mod_expires.c>
  ExpiresActive on

# Perhaps better to whitelist expires rules? Perhaps.
  ExpiresDefault                          "access plus 1 month"

# cache.appcache needs re-requests in FF 3.6 (thx Remy ~Introducing HTML5)
  ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest       "access plus 0 seconds"

# Your document html
  ExpiresByType text/html                 "access plus 0 seconds"

# Data
  ExpiresByType text/xml                  "access plus 0 seconds"
  ExpiresByType application/xml           "access plus 0 seconds"
  ExpiresByType application/json          "access plus 0 seconds"

# RSS feed
  ExpiresByType application/rss+xml       "access plus 1 hour"

# Favicon (cannot be renamed)
  ExpiresByType image/x-icon              "access plus 1 week"

# Media: images, video, audio
  ExpiresByType image/gif                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType image/png                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType image/jpg                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType image/jpeg                "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType video/ogg                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType audio/ogg                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType video/mp4                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType video/webm                "access plus 1 month"

# HTC files  (css3pie)
  ExpiresByType text/x-component          "access plus 1 month"

# Webfonts
  ExpiresByType font/truetype             "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType font/opentype             "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType application/x-font-woff   "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType image/svg+xml             "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 month"

# CSS and JavaScript
  ExpiresByType text/css                  "access plus 1 year"
  ExpiresByType application/javascript    "access plus 1 year"
  ExpiresByType text/javascript           "access plus 1 year"

  <IfModule mod_headers.c>
    Header append Cache-Control "public"
  </IfModule>

</IfModule>

# FileETag None is not enough for every server.
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
  Header unset ETag
</IfModule>

# Since we`re sending far-future expires, we don't need ETags for static content.
# developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags
FileETag None

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
 # Make sure directory listing is disabled
 Options +FollowSymLinks -Indexes	
 
 # disable the Apache MultiViews directive if it is enabled on the server. It plays havoc with URL rewriting
 Options -MultiViews
 RewriteEngine on

 # Automatically determine and set the PYRO_ENV variable
 #RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^local.domain.com$
 #RewriteRule (.*) $1 [E=PYRO_ENV:development]

 #RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^stage.domain.com$
 #RewriteRule (.*) $1 [E=PYRO_ENV:staging]

 #RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain.com$
 #RewriteRule (.*) $1 [E=PYRO_ENV:production]

 # NOTICE: If you get a 404 play with combinations of the following commented out lines
 #AllowOverride All
 #RewriteBase /wherever/cms/is

 # Restrict your site to only one domain
 # !important USE ONLY ONE OPTION

 # Option 1: To rewrite "www.domain.com -> domain.com" uncomment the following lines.
 RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC]
 RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%1/$1 [R=301,L]

 # Option 2: To rewrite "domain.com -> www.domain.com" uncomment the following lines.
 #RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
 #RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\..+$ [NC]
 #RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} (.+)$ [NC]
 #RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.%1/$1 [R=301,L]

 # Keep people out of codeigniter directory and Git/Mercurial data
 RedirectMatch 403 ^/.*/(system/cms/cache|system/codeigniter|system/cms/config|system/cms/logs|\.git|\.hg).*$

 # Send request via index.php (again, not if its a real file or folder)
 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d

 <IfModule mod_php5.c>
  RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 [L]
 </IfModule>
 <IfModule !mod_php5.c>
  RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?/$1 [L]
 </IfModule>
</IfModule>