make_crossfade_ffmpeg_video_from_images.sh

#!/bin/bash

# Anh Nguyen <anh.ng8@gmail.com>
# 2016-04-30
# MIT License

# This script takes in same-size images from a folder and make a crossfade video from the images using ffmpeg.
# Make sure you have ffmpeg installed before running.

# The output command looks something like the below, but for as many images as you have in the folder.
# See the answer by LordNeckbeard at:
# http://superuser.com/questions/833232/create-video-with-5-images-with-fadein-out-effect-in-ffmpeg/1071748#1071748
#
#
# ffmpeg \
# -loop 1 -t 1 -i 001.png \
# -loop 1 -t 1 -i 002.png \
# -loop 1 -t 1 -i 003.png \
# -loop 1 -t 1 -i 004.png \
# -loop 1 -t 1 -i 005.png \
# -filter_complex \
# "[1:v][0:v]blend=all_expr='A*(if(gte(T,0.5),1,T/0.5))+B*(1-(if(gte(T,0.5),1,T/0.5)))'[b1v]; \
# [2:v][1:v]blend=all_expr='A*(if(gte(T,0.5),1,T/0.5))+B*(1-(if(gte(T,0.5),1,T/0.5)))'[b2v]; \
# [3:v][2:v]blend=all_expr='A*(if(gte(T,0.5),1,T/0.5))+B*(1-(if(gte(T,0.5),1,T/0.5)))'[b3v]; \
# [4:v][3:v]blend=all_expr='A*(if(gte(T,0.5),1,T/0.5))+B*(1-(if(gte(T,0.5),1,T/0.5)))'[b4v]; \
# [0:v][b1v][1:v][b2v][2:v][b3v][3:v][b4v][4:v]concat=n=9:v=1:a=0,format=yuv420p[v]" -map "[v]" out.mp4

#----------------------------------------------------------------
# SETTINGS
input_dir="/path/to/your/folder"  # Replace this by a path to your folder /path/to/your/folder
n_files=10                        # Replace this by a number of images
files=`ls ${input_dir}/*.jpg | head -${n_files}`  # Change the file type to the correct type of your images
output_file="video.mp4"           # Name of output video
crossfade=0.9                     # Crossfade duration between two images
#----------------------------------------------------------------

# Making an ffmpeg script...
input=""
filters=""
output="[0:v]"

i=0

for f in ${files}; do
  input+=" -loop 1 -t 1 -i $f"

  next=$((i+1))
  if [ "${i}" -ne "$((n_files-1))" ]; then
    filters+=" [${next}:v][${i}:v]blend=all_expr='A*(if(gte(T,${crossfade}),1,T/${crossfade}))+B*(1-(if(gte(T,${crossfade}),1,T/${crossfade})))'[b${next}v];"
  fi

  if [ "${i}" -gt "0" ]; then
    output+="[b${i}v][${i}:v]"
  fi

  i=$((i+1))
done

output+="concat=n=$((i * 2 - 1)):v=1:a=0,format=yuv420p[v]\" -map \"[v]\" ${output_file}"

script="ffmpeg ${input} -filter_complex \"${filters} ${output}"

echo ${script}

# Run it
eval "${script}"

I'm getting an error. Could you help ?

Invalid file index 5 in filtergraph description [1:v][0:v]blend=all_expr='A*(if(gte(T,0.9),1,T/0.9))+B*(1-(if(gte(T,0.9),1,T/0.9)))'[b1v]; [2:v][1:v]blend=all_expr='A*(if(gte(T,0.9),1,T/0.9))+B*(1-(if(gte(T,0.9),1,T/0.9)))'[b2v]; [3:v][2:v]blend=all_expr='A*(if(gte(T,0.9),1,T/0.9))+B*(1-(if(gte(T,0.9),1,T/0.9)))'[b3v]; [4:v][3:v]blend=all_expr='A*(if(gte(T,0.9),1,T/0.9))+B*(1-(if(gte(T,0.9),1,T/0.9)))'[b4v]; [5:v][4:v]blend=all_expr='A*(if(gte(T,0.9),1,T/0.9))+B*(1-(if(gte(T,0.9),1,T/0.9)))'[b5v]; [0:v][b1v][1:v][b2v][2:v][b3v][3:v][b4v][4:v]concat=n=9:v=1:a=0,format=yuv420p[v].

On line 46 I changed time to -t 15, so one image will be there shown for 15 seconds, but it prints very long output like this:

[Parsed_blend_5 @ 0x7fcdff606900] [framesync @ 0x7fcdff606ec8] Buffer queue overflow, dropping.
[Parsed_concat_8 @ 0x7fcdff609660] Buffer queue overflow, dropping.
[Parsed_blend_5 @ 0x7fcdff606900] [framesync @ 0x7fcdff606ec8] Buffer queue overflow, dropping.
[Parsed_concat_8 @ 0x7fcdff609660] Buffer queue overflow, dropping.
[Parsed_blend_5 @ 0x7fcdff606900] [framesync @ 0x7fcdff606ec8] Buffer queue overflow, dropping.
[Parsed_concat_8 @ 0x7fcdff609660] Buffer queue overflow, dropping.

Do you know how to fix it?

How can I control the display length of time for each image? Changing this input+=" -loop 1 -t 1 -i $f" to input+=" -loop 1 -t 15 -i $f" only makes the second image display 30 seconds and the third 45 seconds. So it adds 15 seconds to each image.

can you tell me how i can add mp3 file in this command ... plz i have done this script but i could not add mp3 file in this complex command ....

@anguyen8: can you add more animation for ffmpeg slideshow?

The URL can be shortened:

http://superuser.com/questions/833232/create-video-with-5-images-with-fadein-out-effect-in-ffmpeg/1071748#1071748
=>
http://superuser.com/questions/833232#1071748

Thank you friends, your script successfully solved my problem. If the image size is different, an error will occur. But the problem is not big, I have processed the image to the same size. Thanks again

Thank you so much, worked like a charm 🙏.
I converted it to python if anyone is interested, here

Hey guys, I just wanna asked if this is feasible with ffmpeg. https://trello-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/545a93cff0b222f456c5ad82/5d8cfc0d75e80e63dae2fe6a/5a523ed328f24b0454c5c56cd0ee68e6/23442279.mp4

I've been googling around finding on how to have smooth easing and effects on the video link above. I am really new to ffmpeg, please please yung help will be really meant a lot. Cheers!

Guys thank you so much, can I attach bg voice or I have to attach later in an other command?

Thanks @anguyen8 for the script, it worked like a charm!
I post a little patch I did to manage some ffmpeg parameters, remove some useless brackets and refactor the main loop a little bit; I mainly did it to better understand the ffmpeg use, so all the kudos go to you! ;-)
With this patch, the script uses all the .jpg files in the current directory.
NOTE: all the images must have the same size.

--- make_crossfade_ffmpeg_video_from_images.sh.orig	2022-10-18 11:11:33.851470982 +0200
+++ make_crossfade_ffmpeg_video_from_images.sh	2022-10-18 11:40:52.239914716 +0200
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # 2016-04-30
 # MIT License
 
-# This script takes in images from a folder and make a crossfade video from the images using ffmpeg.
+# This script takes in all .jpg from current folder and make a crossfade video from the images using ffmpeg.
 # Make sure you have ffmpeg installed before running.
 
 # The output command looks something like the below, but for as many images as you have in the folder.
@@ -27,40 +27,42 @@
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------
 # SETTINGS
-input_dir="/path/to/your/folder"  # Replace this by a path to your folder /path/to/your/folder
-n_files=10                        # Replace this by a number of images
-files=`ls ${input_dir}/*.jpg | head -${n_files}`  # Change the file type to the correct type of your images
-output_file="video.mp4"           # Name of output video
-crossfade=0.9                     # Crossfade duration between two images
+if (($# != 3)); then
+  echo "usage: $0 time[s] crossfade[s] output"
+  exit 1
+fi
+files=(*.jpg)                     # Change the file type to the correct type of your images
+output_file="$3"                  # Name of output video
+crossfade=$2                      # Crossfade duration between two images
+time=$1
+
+if [[ -e $output_file ]]; then
+  echo "$0: file $output_file already exists." >&2
+  exit 2
+fi
 #----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # Making an ffmpeg script...
-input=""
-filters=""
-output="[0:v]"
-
-i=0
-
-for f in ${files}; do
-  input+=" -loop 1 -t 1 -i $f"
-
-  next=$((i+1))
-  if [ "${i}" -ne "$((n_files-1))" ]; then
-    filters+=" [${next}:v][${i}:v]blend=all_expr='A*(if(gte(T,${crossfade}),1,T/${crossfade}))+B*(1-(if(gte(T,${crossfade}),1,T/${crossfade})))'[b${next}v];"
-  fi
-
-  if [ "${i}" -gt "0" ]; then
-    output+="[b${i}v][${i}:v]"
-  fi
-
-  i=$((i+1))
+input="-hide_banner"
+for ((i = 0; i < ${#files[*]}; ++i)); do
+  input+=" -loop 1 -t $time -i "\'"${files[i]}"\'
 done
 
-output+="concat=n=$((i * 2 - 1)):v=1:a=0,format=yuv420p[v]\" -map \"[v]\" ${output_file}"
+filters=`mktemp`
+expr="if(gte(T,$crossfade),1,T/$crossfade)"
+output="[0:v]"
+{
+  for ((i = 1; i < ${#files[*]}; ++i)); do
+    echo "[$i:v][$((i-1)):v]blend=all_expr='A*($expr)+B*(1-($expr))'[b${i}v];"
+    output+="[b${i}v][$i:v]"
+  done
+  echo "$output"
+  echo "concat=n=$((${#files[*]} * 2 - 1)):v=1:a=0,format=yuv420p[v]"
+} >> $filters
 
-script="ffmpeg ${input} -filter_complex \"${filters} ${output}"
+script="ffmpeg $input -filter_complex_script $filters -map '[v]' "\'"$output_file"\'
 
-echo ${script}
+echo "$script"
 
 # Run it
-eval "${script}"
\ No newline at end of file
+eval "$script"

Thanks @rossomaltese for sharing with us your updated/improved version!! :)

I have 30 jpgs and the script eats up all of the 8 GB system memory and then the machine crashes.
So I do

script="systemd-run --user --scope -p MemoryMax=2G -p MemorySwapMax=2G ffmpeg  ...

Hey guys, I just wanna asked if this is feasible with ffmpeg. https://trello-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/545a93cff0b222f456c5ad82/5d8cfc0d75e80e63dae2fe6a/5a523ed328f24b0454c5c56cd0ee68e6/23442279.mp4

I've been googling around finding on how to have smooth easing and effects on the video link above. I am really new to ffmpeg, please please yung help will be really meant a lot. Cheers!

Hello, Did you get any solution for this? Able to do animation like this?

thanks for the work @anguyen8 and @rossomaltese
i have been trying both your versions and have ended up with 0MB .mp4s unfortunately... although a simple slideshow with ffmpeg like
ffmpeg -framerate 1 -pattern_type glob -i '*.jpg' -c:v libx264 -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p output.mp4
worked perfectly...
any hints/ideas where the error could lie? :/

thanks for the work @anguyen8 and @rossomaltese i have been trying both your versions and have ended up with 0MB .mp4s unfortunately... although a simple slideshow with ffmpeg like ffmpeg -framerate 1 -pattern_type glob -i '*.jpg' -c:v libx264 -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p output.mp4 worked perfectly... any hints/ideas where the error could lie? :/

I retried executing the updated version and worked for me.
Two hints:

1. pictures must have the same dimensions (width and height)
2. there must not be blanks in the files name (or double quote each occurrence of variable files in the script).

Also, please take care of @martin3000 comment.

For the ones who asked for adding a soundtrack, I did using something like that:

ffmpeg -i output_from_the_script.mp4 -itsoffset 00:00:17 -i soundtrack.mp3 -c copy -map 0:v:0 -map 1:a:0 output_with_sound.mp4

-itsoffset is the time at which soundtrack must start playing.

HTH

If you have some hundred images, your memory will exhaust. I created a version which combines every 2 images and at the end, the resulting videos are combined into one:

#!/bin/bash

# make a crossfade transition for every 2 images
# jm schlatter 2024

# parms
if (($# != 3))
then
  echo "usage: $0 time[s] crossfade[s] outputvideoname"
  exit 1
else
  time=$1
  crossfade=$2                      # Crossfade duration between two images
  output_file="$3"                  # Name of output video
fi

if (( $(echo "$time <= 0" | bc -l) )); then
  time=1
fi

files=(*.jpg)                     # Change the file type to the type of your images

for ((i = 1; i < ${#files[*]}; ++i)); do
    ffmpeg -hide_banner -loop 1 -t $time -i "${files[i-1]}" -loop 1 -t $time -i "${files[i]}" -filter_complex \
    "[1:v][0:v]blend=all_expr='A*(if(gte(T,$crossfade),1,T/$crossfade))+B*(1-(if(gte(T,$crossfade),1,T/$crossfade)))'[b1v];\
     [0:v][b1v][1:v] \
     concat=n=3:v=1:a=0,format=yuv420p[v]"\
     -map '[v]' /tmp/output_$i.mp4
done

ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i <(for f in $('ls' -1rt /tmp/output_*.mp4); do echo "file '$f'"; done) -c copy "$output_file.mp4"

@DavidOliver: I would appreciate if you could post how you did this in G'MIC. As far as I can tell it is not easy to do. I tried posting a question to their Google Group.

With crossfade; with morph.

Sorry for the somewhat delayed reply.

Hi Anguyen, FYI I've added parameters for the "same input size" problem, lowered memory requirements, a longer lead-in and last frame (parameterized, too), it's my my fork of the gist.

thanks for sharing this you#ve saved me lots of time :-)

That's wonderful! Thank you for sharing your ver. @froh ! ❤️