gistfile1.c

/* If you compile with -O2 the code will print "Wrong behavior", compiling
 * with -O0 the code will print "Correct behavior".
 *
 * Tested with:
 * Apple clang version 2.1 (tags/Apple/clang-163.7.1) (based on LLVM 3.0svn)
 * Target: x86_64-apple-darwin11.3.0
 * Thread model: posix
 */

#include <stdio.h>

int getValue(long long *l) {
    *l = -9223372036854775484LL;
    return 1;
}

void bug(void) {
    long long value, incr, oldvalue;

    incr = -1000;
    if (getValue(&value) != 1) return;

    oldvalue = value;
    value += incr;
    if ((incr < 0 && value > oldvalue) || (incr > 0 && value < oldvalue)) {
        printf("Correct behavior\n");
    } else {
        printf("Wrong behavior\n");
    }
}

int main(void) {
    bug();
}

@malu: this is not always possible. Consider e.g. here the function getValue() to be external (and not visible to compiler). The UB in line 24 may or may not be depending on the value returned. -ftrapv will add the checks for some cases of UB, so, it can be caught in the runtime.

Okay, I didn't think of external function, that'd be a problem.

Related: /usr/include/i386/limits.h:#define LLONG_MIN (-0x7fffffffffffffffLL-1)

I'm turning the old code into this one:

    oldvalue = value;
    if ((incr < 0 && oldvalue < 0 && incr < (LLONG_MIN-oldvalue)) ||
        (incr > 0 && oldvalue > 0 && incr > (LLONG_MAX-oldvalue))) {
        printf("Correct behavior\n");
    } else {
        printf("Wrong behavior\n");
    }
    value += incr;

Should be safe since it is guaranteed that all the parts never overflow.
LLONG_MIN-oldvalue can't overflow because oldvalue is guaranteed to be < 0
LLONG_MAX-oldvalue can't overflow because oldvalue is guaranteed to be > 0

Now trying it in practice :)