metals.md

Naturally occurring metals

Some standard classifications are as follows, with a table breakdown for easy cross-reference:

1. Radioactive: Excess energy emitting gamma radian, alpha or beta particles from the nucleus. All chemical elements can exist as radioactive, but the ones in this list are primordial.
2. Noble: Resistant to corrosion and usually found in nature in its raw form.
3. Platinum: Subgroup of noble metals. Many useful properties depending on the metal from electronics, to biology, jewelry, and autocatalysts. Resistant to wear and tarnish, resistant to chemical attack, high temperature durability, high mechanical strength, and stable electrical properties. Useful also in anticancer drugs and dentistry. Converts carbon monoxide into less harmful greenhouse gas emissions.
4. Refactory: High melting points (above 2000 °C) and high hardness at room temperature. Chemically inert with relatively high density.
5. Rare earth: Despite their name, they are relatively plentiful. They are virtually indistinguishable from each other visually, tarnish slowly in air at room temperature, and react slowly with cold water.
6. Precious: Rare, natural, less reactive metals of high economic value.
7. Coinage: Subcategory of precious metals, used in art, jewelry, and coinage where it gets its classification.
8. Transition: Posses high density, high melting points (except Mercury), and high boiling points. Good conductors of heat and electricity.
9. Post-transition: Between transition metals and metalloids. Soft and brittle with poor mechanical strength. Lower boiling and melting points yet highly dense. Good conductors of heat and electricity. Bismuth is useful for settling upset stomachs.
10. Poor: Subset of post-transition metals. Generally softer and more malleable with lower melting and boiling points than transition metals. Not a rigorous term.
11. Metalloid: Has properties between metal and non-metals. Too brittle for any structural use and only fair conductors of electricity. Good for forming alloys with metals, biological agents, catalysts, flame retardants, glasses, optical storage and opoelectronics, pyrotechnics, semiconductors, and electronics.
12. Alkali: Shiny, soft, highly reactive, tarnishes rapidly in air. Can be cut trivially with a knife. Must be stored in oil to prevent reaction. Found naturally only in salts. Attempts at creating "ununennium" (Uue) as the next alkali metal have been unsuccessful due to being highly reactive. Useful in sodium-vapor lamps to emit light very efficiently. Sodium, potassium, and lithium are essential elements having major biological roles as electrolytes. Each have unique flame colors when ignited.
13. Alkaline: Shiny, silvery-white, and somewhat reactive at standard temperature and pressure. Soft with relatively low densities, melting points, and boiling points. All except for beryllium react with water and must be handled with extreme care. Magnesium, calcium, and strontium are useful in biological roles, but beryllium and radium are toxic with no known roles to biology.
14. Ferromagnetic: Large observed magnetic permeability, and in some cases large magnetic coercivity resulting in permanent magnets. Useful for making everyday magnets. Useful in motors, generators, transformers, and magnetic storage, such as credit cards, tape recorders, and hard disks.
15. Diamagnetic: Repelled instead of attracted by a magnetic field. Useful for weak levitation. Bismuth, gold, and copper are the strongest diamagnetic metals.
16. Antiferromagnetic: Useful in scientific research but does not provide a wide range of practical application. Might be useful in superconductivity.
17. Paramagnetic: Weakly attracted by a strong magnet. Most elements, including non-metals, are paramagnetic Strong paramagents lose their force as the temperature rises
18. Semimetal: Fewer charge carriers and thus typically have lower electrical and thermal conductivities than metals.
19. Semiconducting: Has an electrical conductivity between a conductor and an insulator. Generally poor conductors but have high thermal conductivity and large thermal energy conversion. Useful for light emission such as found in LEDs.
20. Insulating: Electric current does not flow freely due to tightly bound electrons which cannot readily move. Good resistors but can still breakdown under high voltages.
21. Synthetic: Do not naturally occur and have been created by human manipulation. Synthetic metals decay at varying rates, from microseconds to millions of years. No element with an atomic number greater than 94 that existed when the planet was formed have long since decayed; any synthetic metals mined are due to man-made experiments and were not present when the planet formed. Synthetic metals with atomic numbers greater than 99 do not have any uses outside of scientific research due to having extremely short half-lives, and thus have never been produced in large quantities.

ID	Metal	Z	Symbol	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21
1	Actinium	89	Ac	x
2	Aluminum	13	Al									x	x	x						x
3	Americium	95	Am	x																x				x
4	Antimony	51	Sb									x		x				x			x
5	Arsenic	33	As									x		x				x			x
6	Astatine	85	At									x		x
7	Barium	56	Ba													x				x
8	Berkelium	97	Bk	x																				x
9	Beryllium	4	Be													x		x
10	Bismuth	83	Bi									x	x					x			x		x
11	Bohrium	107	Bh	x							x													x
12	Boron	5	B											x
13	Cadmium	48	Cd								x	x						x
14	Calcium	20	Ca													x				x
15	Californium	98	Cf	x																				x
16	Carbon	6	C											x
17	Cerium	58	Ce					x												x
18	Cesium	55	Cs												x					x
19	Chromium	24	Cr				x				x								x
20	Cobalt	27	Co								x						x
21	Copernicium	112	Cn	x							x	x												x
22	Copper	29	Cu							x	x	x						x
23	Curium	96	Cm	x																				x
24	Darmstadtium	110	Ds	x							x													x
25	Dubnium	105	Db	x							x													x
26	Dysprosium	66	Dy					x												x
27	Einsteinium	99	Es	x																				x
28	Erbium	68	Er					x												x
29	Europium	63	Eu					x												x
30	Fermium	100	Fm	x																				x
31	Flerovium	114	Fl	x								x	x											x
32	Francium	87	Fr	x											x
33	Gadolinium	64	Gd					x									x						x
34	Gallium	31	Ga									x	x					x
35	Germanium	32	Ge									x		x								x
36	Gold	79	Au		x				x	x	x	x						x
37	Hafnium	72	Hf				x				x									x
38	Hassium	108	Hs	x							x													x
39	Holmium	67	Ho					x												x
40	Indium	49	In									x	x					x
41	Iridium	77	Ir		x	x	x		x		x									x
42	Iron	26	Fe								x						x
43	Lanthanum	57	La					x												x
44	Lawrencium	103	Lr	x							x													x
45	Lead	82	Pb									x	x					x
46	Lithium	3	Li												x					x
47	Livermorium	116	Lv	x								x	x											x
48	Lutetium	71	Lu					x			x									x
49	Magnesium	12	Mg													x				x
50	Manganese	25	Mn								x									x			x
51	Meitnerium	109	Mt	x							x													x
52	Mendelevium	101	Md	x																				x
53	Mercury	80	Hg		x						x	x						x
54	Molybdenum	42	Mo				x				x									x
55	Moscovium	115	Mc	x								x	x											x
56	Neodymium	60	Nd					x												x
57	Neptunium	93	Np	x																			x	x
58	Nickel	28	Ni								x						x
59	Nihonium	113	Nh	x								x	x											x
60	Niobium	41	Nb				x				x									x
61	Nobelium	102	No	x																				x
62	Osmium	76	Os		x	x	x		x		x									x
63	Palladium	46	Pd		x	x			x		x									x
64	Platinum	78	Pt		x	x			x		x	x	x							x
65	Plutonium	94	Pu	x																x			x	x
66	Polonium	84	Po	x								x		x
67	Potassium	19	K												x					x
68	Praseodymium	59	Pr					x												x
69	Promethium	61	Pm	x				x																x
70	Protactinium	91	Pa	x																x
71	Radium	88	Ra	x												x
72	Rhenium	75	Re		x		x				x									x
73	Rhodium	45	Rh		x	x	x		x		x									x
74	Roentgenium	111	Rg	x							x													x
75	Rubidium	37	Rb												x					x
76	Ruthenium	44	Ru		x	x	x		x		x									x
77	Rutherfordium	104	Rf	x							x													x
78	Samarium	62	Sm					x												x
79	Scandium	21	Sc					x			x									x
80	Seaborgium	106	Sg	x							x													x
81	Selenium	34	Se									x		x
82	Silicon	14	Si											x								x
83	Silver	47	Ag		x				x	x	x	x						x
84	Sodium	11	Na												x					x
85	Strontium	38	Sr													x				x
86	Tantalum	73	Ta				x				x									x
87	Technetium	43	Tc	x							x									x				x
88	Tellurium	52	Te									x		x								x
89	Tennessine	117	Ts									x		x
90	Terbium	65	Tb					x												x
91	Thallium	81	Tl									x	x					x
92	Thorium	90	Th	x																x
93	Thulium	69	Tm					x												x
94	Tin	50	Sn									x						x			x
95	Titanium	22	Ti				x				x									x
96	Tungsten	74	W				x				x									x
97	Uranium	92	U	x																x
98	Vanadium	23	V				x				x									x
99	Ytterbium	70	Yb					x												x
100	Yttrium	39	Y					x			x									x
101	Zinc	30	Zn								x	x						x
102	Zirconium	40	Zr				x				x									x

Naturally occurring metal alloys

Metallic alloys found in nature are likely too small to mine due to the extremely rare chance that base metals are found in the same area to be combined under the right circumstances. With that said, the following naturally occurring alloys with their table are listed below (man-made alloys such as steel are not listed):

• Brass: Commonly used in musical instruments due to is resistance to corrosion. Useful as a surface due to germicidal and antimicrobial properties. Brass is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking by substances that contain ammonia. Can be machined without a cutting fluid.
• Bronze: Less brittle than iron. Oxidizes, but only superficially; once a bronze oxide layer is formed, the underlying bronze is protected from further oxidation. A common coinage alloy, common for sculptures, and used to make hammers, mallets, wrenches and other durable tools due to not sparking when struck.
• Electrum: Called "green gold" due to its yellowish-green tint. Historically used as a coinage metal, but modern day uses are primarily jewelry and ornaments. Highly reflective, excellent heat and electrical conductor. Ductile, malleable, and resistant to corrosion. Harder and more durable than pure gold
• Nickel silver: Misnomer as the alloy does not actually contain silver, but named for its silvery in appearance. Commonly used in metal plating, and thus used in cutlery and other silverware. Used in zippers, higher quality keys, costume jewelry, musical instruments, and preferred for the track in model railroads. A common coinage alloy. Toxic if comes in contact with acidic food or beverages due to copper leaching.
• Gold-mercury amalgam
• Osmiridium
• Pewter
• Silver-mercury amalgam
• White gold

1. Ductile
2. Malleable
3. Low melting point
4. High melting point
5. Low boiling point
6. High boiling point
7. Ferromagnetic
8. Recyclable
9. Resistant to corrosion
10. Resistant to oxidation
11. Good heat conductor
12. Good electrical conductor
13. High density
14. Durable
15. Toxic

ID	Alloy	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
103	Brass	x	x	x					x	x		x	x
104	Bronze	x	x	x						x		x	x
105	Electrum	x	x	x						x			x
106	Nickel silver															x
107	Gold-mercury amalgam
108	Osmiridium				x		x							x		x
109	Pewter			x
110	Silver-mercury amalgam
111	White gold

The metals are listed in order of composition percentage. Typically, after the 2nd metal, percentages range from 5% to trace amounts if included at all.

Alloy	Metal 1	Metal 2	Metal 3	Metal 4	Metal 5
Brass	Copper	Zinc	Lead
Bronze	Copper	Tin	Lead
Electrum	Gold	Silver	Platinum	Copper
Nickel silver	Copper	Nickel	Zinc
Gold-mercury amalgam	Gold	Mercury
Omiridium	Osmium	Iridium
Pewter	Tin	Antimony	Copper	Bismuth	Silver
Silver-mercury amalgam	Silver	Mercury
White gold	Gold	Nickel	Copper

Steel Alloys

ID	Name	Description
112	Alloy steel	A type of steel alloyed with various elements to target specific mechanical properties. A precursor to the modern stainless steel. Still popular with hand tools, flatware, and other applications.
113	Carbon steel	Popular choice for knife-making due to higher blade edge retention. If not heat treated properly, can be brittle or too soft to hold an edge.
114	Crucible steel	Primarily used for the intricate patterns in the metal, it has a practical hardness for machine tools, cutlery, and other items.
115	High-speed steel	Used in power-saw blades and drill bits that can withstand high temperatures without losing its hardness. More resistant to abrasion than carbon and tool steels.
116	Maraging steel	Strong and malleable allows it to be used in thin sheets, reducing weight for a given strength. Useful for engine components, crankshafts, gears, firing pins, and other high-wear components. Used in fencing blades and musical instrument strings due to it's resistance to cracking under stress.
117	Spring steel	Used in applications that require the steel to return to its original shape despite significant deflection or twisting. Practice swords, saw blades, springs, musical instrument wire, lockpicks.
118	Stainless steel	Found in architecture, art and monuments, vehicles, medicine, culinary, jewelry, firearms, and other applications where resistance to rust is critical.
119	Tool steel	A hardened steel used primarily in tools, such as for cutting, dies, hand tools, knives and others. They have a distinct hardness, resistance to abrasion and deformation, and can hold a cutting edge even at elevated temperatures.
120	Weathering steel	Designed to corrode such that the steel forms a protective layer on its surface under the influence of weather. Used in architecture and infrastructure, such as bridges.

Hypothetical elements

Hypothetical elements theoretically could exist, but searches both in nature as a primordial element an in the laboratory as a synthetic element have been unsuccessful. Synthesis of these elements are generally executed by colliding ions in particle accelerators at high speed. Despite decades of research and particle collisions, no atoms have been identified with these atomic structures. The names are temporary until discovery is confirmed and a permanent name chosen.

Predicted properties are extremely short half-lives on the order of tens of microseconds with highly radioactive isotopes. Practical applications are not likely and are useful for scientific research only. About the only net positive on the discovery of a new element is personal fame and recognition in the scientific community.

The blocks in the periodic table are defined as:

• s-block: "Sharp block". Encompasses elements groups 1 & 2 in the periodic table and helium.
• p-block: "Principal block". Encompasses elements in groups 13 to 18 in the periodic table.
• d-block: "Diffuse block". Encompasses elements in groups 3 to 12 and starting in the 4th period in the periodic table.
• f-block: "Fundamental block". Encompasses elements in periods 6 & 7 between groups 2 & 3 in the periodic table.
• g-block: Gets its name because "g" is after "f". Hypothetical block of elements that have not yet been synthesized.

ID	Metal	Z	Symbol	Block	Attempted
121	Ununennium	119	Uue	s	x
122	Unbinilium	120	Ubn	s	x
123	Unbiunium	121	Ubu	g	x
124	Unbibium	122	Ubb	g	x
125	Unbitrium	123	Ubt	g
126	Unbiquadium	124	Ubq	g	x
127	Unbipentium	125	Ubp	g	x
128	Unbihexium	126	Ubh	g	x
129	Unbiseptium	127	Ubs	g	x
130	Unbioctium	128	Ubo	g
131	Unbiennium	129	Ube	g
132	Untrinilium	130	Utn	g
133	Untriunium	131	Utu	g
134	Untribium	132	Utb	g
135	Untritrium	133	Utt	g
136	Untriquadium	134	Utq	g
137	Untripentium	135	Utp	g
138	Untrihexium	136	Uth	g
139	Untriseptium	137	Uts	g
140	Untrioctium	138	Uto	g
141	Untriennium	139	Ute	g
142	Unquadnilium	140	Uqn	g
143	Unquadunium	141	Uqu	g
144	Unquadbium	142	Uqb	g
145	Unquadtrium	143	Uqt	f
146	Unquadquadium	144	Uqq	f
147	Unquadpentium	145	Uqp	f
148	Unquadhexium	146	Uqh	f
149	Unquadseptium	147	Uqs	f
150	Unquadoctium	148	Uqo	f
151	Unquadennium	149	Uqe	f
152	Untrinilium	150	Upn	f
153	Untriunium	151	Upu	f
154	Untribium	152	Upb	f
155	Untritrium	153	Upt	d
156	Untriquadium	154	Upq	d
157	Untripentium	155	Upp	d
158	Untrihexium	156	Uqh	d
159	Untriseptium	157	Uqs	d
160	Untrioctium	158	Uqo	d
161	Untriennium	159	Uqe	d
162	Unhexnilium	160	Uhn	d
163	Unhexunium	161	Uhu	d
164	Unhexbium	162	Uhb	d
165	Unhextrium	163	Uht	d
166	Unhexquadium	164	Uhq	d
167	Unhexpentium	165	Uhp	d
168	Unhexhexium	166	Uhh	d
169	Unhexseptium	167	Uhs	p
170	Unhexoctium	168	Uho	p
171	Unhexennium	169	Uhe	p
172	Unseptnilium	170	Usn	p
173	Unseptunium	171	Usu	p
174	Unseptbium	172	Usb	p
175	Unsepttrium	173	Ust	?
176	Unseptquadium	174	Usq	?
177	Unseptpentium	175	Usp	?
178	Unsepthexium	176	Ush	?
179	Unseptseptium	177	Uss	?
180	Unseptoctium	178	Uso	?
181	Unseptennium	179	Use	?
182	Unoctnilium	180	Uon	?
183	Unoctunium	181	Uou	?
184	Unoctbium	182	Uob	?
185	Unocttrium	183	Uot	?
186	Unoctquadium	184	Uoq	?

Fictional super metals are metals used as plot devices in fictional story telling. They generally posses some or all of superior strength, extreme hardness, extreme thermal tolerance, extraordinary elasticity, exceedingly high or low density, restorative functionality, and other unusual chemical, physical, radioactive, nuclear, or supernatural properties.

ID	Metal
187	Adamantite / Adamantium / Adamantine
188	Andrium
189	Arenak
190	Beskar
191	Bendezium
192	Brightsteel
193	Byzanium
194	Carbonium
195	Cargonite
196	Celestial Bronze
197	Cortosis
198	Chogokin Z / Super-Alloy Z
199	Chrome Digizoid
200	Dalekanium
201	Darksteel
202	Dimeritium
203	Dragon
204	Duralloy
205	Duranium
206	Durasteel
207	Durium
208	Etherium
209	Gundanium
210	Gundarium
211	H-128
212	Heechee Metal
213	Herculite
214	Inoson
215	Imperial Gold
216	Iridium-80
217	Mithril
218	Naquadah
219	Necrodermis
220	Neosteel
221	Netherite
222	Neutronium
223	Nth Metal
224	Octiron
225	Omnium steel
226	Orichalcum
227	Parium
228	Photafine Steel
229	Phrikk
230	Plasti Steel
231	Protodermis
232	ProtoZortium
233	Radium X
234	Randsdell's Metal
235	Rearden Metal
236	Resistium
237	Runite
238	Scrith
239	Sheol
240	Space Alloy Gren
241	Stygian Iron
242	Synthium
243	Thyrium
244	Timetanium
245	Titanium-A
246	Transparent Aluminum
247	Transparisteel
248	Trinium
249	Tritanium
250	Turtleanium
251	Unobtanium
252	Unnamed Metal
253	Uru
254	Vibranium
255	Wellstone
256	X
257	Yautjavian metal
258	Zortium