Related Setup: https://gist.github.com/hofmannsven/6814278
Related Pro Tips: https://ochronus.com/git-tips-from-the-trenches/
Interactive Beginners Tutorial: http://try.github.io/
Press minus + shift + s and return to chop/fold long lines!
Show folder content: ls -la
See where Git is located:
which git
Get the version of Git:
git --version
Create an alias (shortcut) for git status:
git config --global alias.st status
Help:
git help
Initialize Git:
git init
Get everything ready to commit:
git add .
Get custom file ready to commit:
git add index.html
Commit changes:
git commit -m "Message"
Add and commit in one step:
git commit -am "Message"
Remove files from Git:
git rm index.html
Update all changes:
git add -u
Remove file but do not track anymore:
git rm --cached index.html
Move or rename files:
git mv index.html dir/index_new.html
Undo modifications (restore files from latest commited version):
git checkout -- index.html
Restore file from a custom commit (in current branch):
git checkout 6eb715d -- index.html
Go back to commit:
git revert 073791e7dd71b90daa853b2c5acc2c925f02dbc6
Soft reset (move HEAD only; neither staging nor working dir is changed):
git reset --soft 073791e7dd71b90daa853b2c5acc2c925f02dbc6
Mixed reset (move HEAD and change staging to match repo; does not affect working dir):
git reset --mixed 073791e7dd71b90daa853b2c5acc2c925f02dbc6
Hard reset (move HEAD and change staging dir and working dir to match repo):
git reset --hard 073791e7dd71b90daa853b2c5acc2c925f02dbc6
Test-Delete untracked files:
git clean -n
Delete untracked files (not staging):
git clean -f
Unstage (undo adds):
git reset HEAD index.html
Commit to most recent commit:
git commit --amend -m "Message"
Update most recent commit message:
git commit --amend -m "New Message"
Show branches:
git branch
Create branch:
git branch branchname
Change to branch:
git checkout branchname
Create and change to new branch:
git checkout -b branchname
Rename branch:
git branch -m branchname new_branchname or:
git branch --move branchname new_branchname
Show all completely merged branches with current branch:
git branch --merged
Delete merged branch (only possible if not HEAD):
git branch -d branchname or:
git branch --delete branchname
Delete not merged branch:
git branch -D branch_to_delete
True merge (fast forward):
git merge branchname
Merge to master (only if fast forward):
git merge --ff-only branchname
Merge to master (forc a new commit):
git merge --no-ff branchname
Stop merge (in case of conflicts):
git merge --abort
Stop merge (in case of conflicts):
git reset --merge // prior to v1.7.4
Put in stash:
git stash save "Message"
Show stash:
git stash list
Show stash stats:
git stash show stash@{0}
Show stash changes:
git stash show -p stash@{0}
Use custom stash item and drop it:
git stash pop stash@{0}
Use custom stash item and do not drop it:
git stash apply stash@{0}
Delete custom stash item:
git stash drop stash@{0}
Delete complete stash:
git stash clear
About: https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files
Useful templates: https://github.com/github/gitignore
Add or edit gitignore:
nano .gitignore
Track empty dir:
touch dir/.gitkeep
Show commits:
git log
Show oneline-summary of commits:
git log --oneline
Show oneline-summary of commits with full SHA-1:
git log --format=oneline
Show oneline-summary of the last three commits:
git log --oneline -3
Show only custom commits:
git log --author="Sven"
git log --grep="Message"
git log --until=2013-01-01
git log --since=2013-01-01
Show only custom data of commit:
git log --format=short
git log --format=full
git log --format=fuller
git log --format=email
git log --format=raw
Show changes:
git log -p
Show every commit since special commit for custom file only:
git log 6eb715d.. index.html
Show changes of every commit since special commit for custom file only:
git log -p 6eb715d.. index.html
Show stats and summary of commits:
git log --stat --summary
Show history of commits as graph:
git log --graph
Show history of commits as graph-summary:
git log --oneline --graph --all --decorate
Compare modified files:
git diff
Compare modified files and highlight changes only:
git diff --color-words index.html
Compare modified files within the staging area:
git diff --staged
Compare branches:
git diff master..branchname
Compare branches like above:
git diff --color-words master..branchname^
Compare commits:
git diff 6eb715d
git diff 6eb715d..HEAD
git diff 6eb715d..537a09f
Compare commits of file:
git diff 6eb715d index.html
git diff 6eb715d..537a09f index.html
Compare without caring about spaces:
git diff -b 6eb715d..HEAD or:
git diff --ignore-space-change 6eb715d..HEAD
Compare without caring about all spaces:
git diff -w 6eb715d..HEAD or:
git diff --ignore-all-space 6eb715d..HEAD
Useful comparings:
git diff --stat --summary 6eb715d..HEAD
Blame:
git blame -L10,+1 index.html
Show all released versions:
git tag
Show all released versions with comments:
git tag -l -n1
Create release version:
git tag v1.0.0
Create release version with comment:
git tag -a v1.0.0 -m 'Message'
Checkout a specific release version:
git checkout v1.0.0
Show remote:
git remote
Show remote details:
git remote -v
Add remote origin from GitHub project:
git remote add origin https://github.com/user/project.git
Add remote origin from existing empty project on server:
git remote add origin ssh://root@123.123.123.123/path/to/repository/.git
Remove origin:
git remote rm origin
Show remote branches:
git branch -r
Show all branches:
git branch -a
Compare:
git diff origin/master..master
Push (set default with -u):
git push -u origin master
Push to default:
git push origin master
Fetch:
git fetch origin
Pull:
git pull
Pull specific branch:
git pull origin branchname
Merge fetched commits:
git merge origin/master
Clone to localhost:
git clone https://github.com/user/project.git or:
git clone ssh://user@domain.com/~/dir/.git
Clone to localhost folder:
git clone https://github.com/user/project.git ~/dir/folder
Clone specific branch to localhost:
git clone -b branchname https://github.com/user/project.git
Delete remote branch (push nothing):
git push origin :branchname or:
git push origin --delete branchname
Create a zip-archive: git archive --format zip --output filename.zip master
Ignore files that have already been committed to a Git repository: http://stackoverflow.com/a/1139797/1815847
Hide Git on the web via .htaccess: RedirectMatch 404 /\.git
(more info here: http://stackoverflow.com/a/17916515/1815847)
Website: https://git-lfs.github.com/
Install: brew install git-lfs
Track *.psd files: git lfs track "*.psd" (init, add, commit and push as written above)
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
$ echo "testing reset" > file1
$ git add file1
$ git commit -m 'added file1'
Created initial commit 1a75c1d: added file1
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 file1
$ echo "added new file" > file2
$ git add file2
$ git commit -m 'added file2'
Created commit f6e5064: added file2
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 file2
$ git reset --hard HEAD^
HEAD is now at 1a75c1d... added file1
$ cat file2
cat: file2: No such file or directory
$ git reflog
1a75c1d... HEAD@{0}: reset --hard HEAD^: updating HEAD
f6e5064... HEAD@{1}: commit: added file2
$ git reset --hard f6e5064
HEAD is now at f6e5064... added file2
$ cat file2
added new file
git rebase -i @~9 # Show the last 9 commits in a text editor
Find the commit you want, change pick to e (edit), and save and close the file. Git will rewind to that commit, allowing you to either:
use git commit --amend to make changes, or
use git reset @~ to discard the last commit, but not the changes to the files (i.e. take you to the point you were at when you'd edited the files, but hadn't committed yet).
The latter is useful for doing more complex stuff like splitting into multiple commits.
Then, run git rebase --continue, and Git will replay the subsequent changes on top of your modified commit. You may be asked to fix some merge conflicts.
Note: @ is shorthand for HEAD, and ~ is the commit before the specified commit.
Read more about rewriting history in the Git docs.