Multi stage Dockerfile to create a development environment. Can be combined with vs code `devcontainers`.

Dockerfile

# Variables
ARG VARIANT="3"
ARG VARIANT_SFX="-slim"
ARG FONTS_VERSION="3.1.1"
# Builder
FROM python:${VARIANT} as builder

ENV PYTHONFAULTHANDLER=1 \
    PYTHONHASHSEED=random \
    PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
    PIP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT=100 \
    PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1 \
    PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=1

RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y update && \
    apt-get install -y --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends pipx

# Install poetry
RUN python3 -m pip install --user pipx && \
    python3 -m pipx ensurepath && \
    pipx install poetry && \
    pipx inject poetry poetry-plugin-bundle

COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

FROM python:${VARIANT}${VARIANT_SFX}

ARG VARIANT
ARG FONTS_VERSION
COPY --from=builder /usr/local/lib/python${VARIANT}/site-packages /usr/local/lib/python${VARIANT}/site-packages
COPY --from=builder /usr/local/bin /usr/local/bin

# Update and install necessary packages
RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y update && \
    apt-get install -y --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends sudo zsh curl git npm vim wget unzip fontconfig && \
    apt-get clean && \
    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# add git lhs to apt
# RUN curl -s https://packagecloud.io/install/repositories/github/git-lfs/script.deb.sh | bash

# Download and install Fira Code Nerd Font
RUN mkdir -p /usr/share/fonts/FiraCode && \
    wget -qO FiraCode.zip "https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts/releases/download/v${FONTS_VERSION}/FiraCode.zip" && \
    unzip FiraCode.zip -d /usr/share/fonts/FiraCode && \
    rm FiraCode.zip && \
    fc-cache -fv

# Setup a non-root user '$USERNAME' with sudo access
ARG USERNAME="vscode"
ARG USER_UID=1000
ARG USER_GID=$USER_UID
RUN groupadd --gid $USER_GID $USERNAME \
    && useradd --uid $USER_UID --gid $USER_GID -m $USERNAME \
    && echo $USERNAME ALL=\(root\) NOPASSWD:ALL > /etc/sudoers.d/$USERNAME \
    && chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/$USERNAME

USER $USERNAME
WORKDIR /home/$USERNAME

# Set environment variable
# ARG OPENAIAPIKEY="your_key_here"
# ENV OPENAI_API_KEY=${OPENAIAPIKEY}

# Install oh-my-zsh & friends - OPTIONAL
ENV ZSH_CUSTOM=/home/$USERNAME/.oh-my-zsh/custom
RUN sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)" "" --unattended
# Install zsh-autosuggestions
RUN git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
# Install zsh-completions
RUN git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-completions $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-completions
# Install zsh-syntax-highlighting
RUN git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting 
# Install spaceship-prompt theme
RUN git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/spaceship-prompt/spaceship-prompt.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/themes/spaceship-prompt && \
    ln -s $ZSH_CUSTOM/themes/spaceship-prompt/spaceship.zsh-theme $HOME/.oh-my-zsh/themes/spaceship.zsh-theme
# Configure .zshrc for spaceship
RUN echo 'ZSH_THEME="spaceship"' >> ~/.zshrc && \
    echo '\n# Spaceship Prompt customization\nSPACESHIP_PROMPT_ORDER=(user dir git host)' >> ~/.zshrc
RUN echo "source $HOME/.oh-my-zsh/oh-my-zsh.sh" >> ~/.zshrc \
    && echo "plugins=(git zsh-autosuggestions zsh-completions)" >> ~/.zshrc

# Install Quarto - OPTIONAL
ARG QUARTO_REL="1.5.25"
RUN arch=$(arch | sed s/aarch64/arm64/ | sed s/x86_64/amd64/) && \
    wget -q https://github.com/quarto-dev/quarto-cli/releases/download/v${QUARTO_REL}/quarto-${QUARTO_REL}-linux-${arch}.tar.gz && \
    mkdir -p /home/${USERNAME}/quarto/ && \
    tar -xzf quarto-${QUARTO_REL}-linux-${arch}.tar.gz --directory /home/${USERNAME}/quarto/ && \
    rm quarto-${QUARTO_REL}-linux-${arch}.tar.gz

ENV PATH="${PATH}:/home/${USERNAME}/quarto/quarto-${QUARTO_REL}/bin/"

# Set the default command to zsh
CMD ["/usr/bin/zsh"]

Combine in vs code .devcontainers with this devcontainer.json