Using MiniTest to mock and test ActiveRecord callbacks in Rails 4.2

team_membership.rb

class TeamMembership < ActiveRecord::Base
  # A proc that will enqueue `NotificationMailer.team_invitation`
  DEFAULT_NOTIFIER = proc do |user, team|
    NotificationMailer.team_invitation(team, user).deliver_later
  end

  class << self
    # This is a class level attribute that is mainly used for testing.
    # Defaults to {TeamMembership::DEFAULT_NOTIFIER}
    attr_accessor :notifier
  end
  self.notifier = DEFAULT_NOTIFIER

  belongs_to :team
  belongs_to :user

  after_create :invite_user_to_team!

  private

  # ActiveRecord callback used to equeue team invitation emails
  # @return void
  def invite_user_to_team!
    self.class.notifier.call(team, user)
    nil
  end
end

team_membership_test.rb

require 'test_helper'

class TeamMemberTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  test 'callbacks' do
    # setup
    test_notifier = Minitest::Mock.new
    test_notifier.expect(:call, nil, [teams(:alpha), users(:carol)])
    TeamMembership.notifier = test_notifier

    # test
    TeamMembership.create(user_id: users(:carol).id, team_id: teams(:alpha).id)
    assert test_notifier.verify

    # teardown
    TeamMembership.notifier = TeamMembership::DEFAULT_NOTIFIER
  end
end

@damien, i appreciate the suggestions. I will implement as you've suggested. Thank you!