First, an exercise. Can we represent all of css with plain data? Let's try.
let redText = { color: 'red' };
All of the below properties or methods, when requested/called in JavaScript, will trigger the browser to synchronously calculate the style and layout*. This is also called reflow or layout thrashing, and is common performance bottleneck.
Generally, all APIs that synchronously provide layout metrics will trigger forced reflow / layout. Read on for additional cases and details.
elem.offsetLeft
, elem.offsetTop
, elem.offsetWidth
, elem.offsetHeight
, elem.offsetParent