latency

gistfile1.txt

execute typical instruction                           1 nanosec       1/1,000,000,000 sec 
fetch from L1 cache memory                            0.5 nanosec
branch misprediction                                  5 nanosec
fetch from L2 cache memory                            7 nanosec
Mutex lock/unlock                                     25 nanosec
fetch from main memory                                100 nanosec
send 2K bytes over 1Gbps network                      20,000 nanosec
read 1MB sequentially from memory                     250,000 nanosec
fetch from new disk location (seek)                   8,000,000 nanosec
read 1MB sequentially from disk                       20,000,000 nanosec
send packet US to Europe and back                     150,000,000 nanosec = 150 milliseconds