netbooting a raspberry pi running alpine with nix

netboot.nix

# dhcp server settings:
# dhcp-mac=set:rpi,b8:27:eb:*:*:*
# dhcp-boot=tag:rpi,boot,10.69.69.179

{ lib, stdenv, config, pkgs, ... }:
let
  alpineRelease = "3.11";
  alpineRevision = "2";
  alpineVersion = "${alpineRelease}.${alpineRevision}";
  
  fetchAlpinePi = {arch, sha256}: builtins.fetchTarball {
    url = "http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v${alpineRelease}/releases/${arch}/alpine-rpi-${alpineVersion}-${arch}.tar.gz";
    sha256 = sha256;
  };

  alpinePiArmhf   = fetchAlpinePi { arch = "armhf";   sha256 = "0rkv6d0hpqfxmzn2fv6i4scn9hf5azg32kdbcxafyk2s92yrvlgr"; };
  alpinePiArmv7   = fetchAlpinePi { arch = "armv7";   sha256 = "1k83wyfb186hv14ajvqw9qi5j8jz2g033idpdvxz6ycm2gla3gk5"; };
  alpinePiAarch64 = fetchAlpinePi { arch = "aarch64"; sha256 = "1qj0ipg80k5sv4bj1h0sd6z3nj7l4frwznbs31yw3m04gc300vmp"; };

  configTxt = pkgs.writeTextFile {
    name = "config.txt";
    text = ''#
[pi0]
kernel=vmlinuz-rpi
initramfs initramfs-rpi
[pi0w]
kernel=vmlinuz-rpi
initramfs initramfs-rpi
enable_uart=1
[pi1]
kernel=vmlinuz-rpi
initramfs initramfs-rpi
[pi2]
kernel=vmlinuz-rpi2
initramfs initramfs-rpi2
[pi3]
kernel=vmlinuz-rpi2
initramfs initramfs-rpi2
enable_uart=1
[pi3+]
kernel=vmlinuz-rpi2
initramfs initramfs-rpi2
enable_uart=1
[pi4]
enable_gic=1
kernel=vmlinuz-rpi4
initramfs initramfs-rpi4
arm_64bit=1'';
  };

  cmdlineTxt = pkgs.writeTextFile {
    name = "cmdline.txt";
    text = "modules=loop,squashfs,sd-mod,usb-storage console=ttyS0,115200 ip=dhcp alpine_repo=http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v${alpineRelease}/main/ apkovl=http://netboot.service.consul/apkovl/{MAC}.tar.gz";
  };

  tftpRoot = pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation { 
    name = "tftproot";
    preferLocalBuild = true; 
    allowSubstitutes = false;
    buildInputs = [ pkgs.squashfsTools pkgs.cpio ];

    buildCommand = ''
      mkdir -p $out

      # Hack: add af_packet.ko to the initramfs
      mkdir modloop-rpi modloop-rpi2 modloop-rpi4
      unsquashfs -d modloop-rpi/lib  ${alpinePiArmhf}/boot/modloop-rpi     'modules/*/modules.*' 'modules/*/kernel/net/packet/af_packet.ko'
      unsquashfs -d modloop-rpi2/lib ${alpinePiArmv7}/boot/modloop-rpi2    'modules/*/modules.*' 'modules/*/kernel/net/packet/af_packet.ko'
      unsquashfs -d modloop-rpi4/lib ${alpinePiAarch64}/boot/modloop-rpi4  'modules/*/modules.*' 'modules/*/kernel/net/packet/af_packet.ko'
      
      (cd modloop-rpi  && find . | cpio -H newc -ov | gzip) > initramfs-ext-rpi
      (cd modloop-rpi2 && find . | cpio -H newc -ov | gzip) > initramfs-ext-rpi2
      (cd modloop-rpi4 && find . | cpio -H newc -ov | gzip) > initramfs-ext-rpi4

      cat ${alpinePiArmhf}/boot/initramfs-rpi    initramfs-ext-rpi  > $out/initramfs-rpi
      cat ${alpinePiArmv7}/boot/initramfs-rpi2   initramfs-ext-rpi2 > $out/initramfs-rpi2
      cat ${alpinePiAarch64}/boot/initramfs-rpi4 initramfs-ext-rpi4 > $out/initramfs-rpi4

      cd $out

      # Pi Classic initial bootloader (VC4)
      sed -e "s/BOOT_UART=0/BOOT_UART=1/" bootcode.bin ${alpinePiArmhf}/bootcode.bin >bootcode.bin

      # Primary bootloader (ARM)
      ln -s ${alpinePiArmhf}/start{,4}.elf .

      # SDRAM setup
      ln -s ${alpinePiArmhf}/fixup{,4}.dat .

      # Configuration
      ln -s ${configTxt} ./config.txt

      # Kernels
      ln -s ${alpinePiArmhf}/boot/vmlinuz-rpi ./
      ln -s ${alpinePiArmv7}/boot/vmlinuz-rpi2 ./
      ln -s ${alpinePiAarch64}/boot/vmlinuz-rpi4 ./

      # Device Tree Blobs
      ln -s ${alpinePiArmhf}/*.dtb .

      # Commandlines
      ln -s ${cmdlineTxt} ./cmdline.txt
    '';
  };
in
{

  services.atftpd = {
    enable = true;
    root = tftpRoot;
    extraOptions = [ "--verbose=7" ];
  };

  consulServices = [
    {
      name = "tftp";
      port = 69;
      tags = [ "udp" ];
    }
  ];

  networking.firewall = {
    allowedUDPPorts = [ 69 ];
    connectionTrackingModules = [ "tftp" ];
  };
}

I have no idea with regards to NFS, I'm afraid. My setup uses APKOVL downloads from a HTTP server in order to net-boot individual devices

This is nothing short of magic! I hope you don't mind I've adapted the rpi4 part of this gist to a bash script (which keeps all the packages and tarballs on the local network), since I don't intend to use nix (looks cool though). Script lives here: https://github.com/biemster/rpi4_alpine_netboot. Thanks a lot for sharing this!