PsNee, an open source stealth modchip for the Sony Playstation 1

README.md

Installation of the 12c508/9 "Stealth" Mod

for a PU-18 PlayStation

---

This document is applicable to the stealth mod chip available from PS-Mod Solutions after 99.1.25. It is not guaranteed to work on chips currently available from any other vendor.

---

---

Removal of the PSX cover

• Turn unit over and remove the 6 screws.
• Turn unit right-side up, and lift the cover off.

Removal of the laser housing

• Disconnect the flexable PCB by pulling straight up on the black connector. This will release the board, which can then be removed, by pulling straight up.
• Disconnect the power connector (3 grey + 1 white wire) by pulling straight up.
• Lift off laser housing.

Removal of the controller/memory card housing

• Remove the two screws.
• Disconnect the ribbon cable by pulling straight up.
• Lift off the controller/memory card housing.

Removal of the heavy metal bracket

• Remove the 5 (?) screws holding the bracket in place.
• Lift off the bracket.

Removal of the circuit board

• Remove the 5 screws along the top edge.
• Lift off the circuit board.

Mounting the chip

• Carefully bend the the pins of the chip so they are parallel with the chip. Now when the chip is placed right-side up, the profile is much lower.

  

• Locate the site to install the chip. It is located on the underside of the mainboard near what would be the front right corner of the board when the board is normally oriented.

• Insulate the chip from the main board. I attach a piece of electrical tape to the board and place the chip on top, then once the whole process is complete, put another piece over the top of the chip, insulating it from both board and shielding.

Making the connections between the chip and the PSX PC board

Relevant pins of the 8-pin 12c508/9 chip

With the chip right-side up and the notch at the top, pin numbers are read counting down the left side from 1 to 4, and up the right side counting from 5 to 8. Pin 8 is located directly across the chip from pin 1.

      1 - Vdd
          4 - reset switch
      5 - gate
          6 - data
          7 - door switch
          8 - Ground

That's all there is to it. Be sure to insulate the chip from the metal plate on the bottom of the PSX. Now, just reverse everything you did to take this thing apart, and you're done. Fire it up and play your imports without having to swap ever again.

http://modchip.aeug.org/install/508-pu18-stealth.html

psnee-old.ino

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//||||||M*************************************************************M|||||
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//||||||M***QQQQQQQQQ***************Q******Q**************************M|||||
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//
//PsNee, an open source stealth modchip for the Sony Playstation 1, usable on
//all platforms supported by Arduino, preferably ATTiny. Finally something modern!
//
/////////// TO DO: /////////////
// - Find out how the NTSC BIOS patch for SCPH-102 works and integrate it in this sketch
//   (supposedly it forces pin 15 (data 2) on the BIOS chip (IC102) low when something happens on pin 31 (address 18) according to http://problemkaputt.de/psx-spx.htm#cdromprotectionmodchips)
// - Make SCEx-arrays smaller by commoning up the common parts of the arrays and thus use less flash
// - Common up the two big for-loops with an OR-statement
////////////////////////////////
//
//PLAYSTATION 1 SECURITY - HOW IT DOES IT'S THING:
//Sony didn't really go through great lenghts to protect it's precious Playstation
//from running unauthorised software; the main security is based on a simple ASCII
//string of text that is read from a part of an original Playstation disc that cannot
//be reproduced by an ordinary PC CD burner. 
//As most of you will know, a CD is basically a very long rolled up (carrier) string in which very 
//little pits and ehm... little not-pits are embedded that represent the data stored on the disc. 
//The nifty Sony engineers did not use the pits and stuff to store the security checks for
//Playstation discs but went crazy with the rolled up carrier string. In an ordinary CD, the
//string is rolled up so that the spacing between the tracks is as equal as possible. If that
//namely is not the case, the laser itself needs to move a bit to keep track of the track and 
//reliably read the data off the disc.
//If you wonder how the laser knows when it follows the track optimally: four photodiodes, light 
//intensity measurement, difference measurements, servo. There.
//To the point: the Sony engineers decidedly "fumbled up" the track of sector 4 on a Playstation
//disc (the track was modulated in nerd-speak) so that the error correction circuit outputs a 
//recognisable signal, as the laser needs to be corrected to follow the track optimally.
//This outputted signal actually is a 250bps serial bitstream (with 1 startbit and 2 stopbits) which 
//in plain ASCII says SCEA (Sony Computer Entertainment of America), SCEE (Sony Computer Entertainment 
//of Europe) or SCEI (Sony Computer Entertainment of Japan), depending on the region of the disc inserted.
//The security thus functions not only as copy protection, but also as region protection.
//The text string from the disc is compared with the text string that is embedded in the Playstation
//hardware. When these text strings are the same, the disc is interpreted to be authentic and from
//the correct region. Bingo!
//
//HOW THE MODCHIP TRICKS THE PLAYSTATION:
//The modchip isn't all that of a complicated device: clever reverse engineers found the point on the
//Playstation motherboard that carried the text string from the disc and found a way to temporarily block 
//this signal (by grounding an input of an op-amp buffer) to be able to inject the signal from the modchip
//The modchip injects after about 1500ms the text strings SCEE SCEA SCEI on the motherboard point and stops 
//with this after about 25 seconds. Because all the possible valid region options are outputted on the
//motherboard the Playstation gets a bit confused and simply accepts the inserted disc as authentic; after all,
//one of the codes was the same as that of the Playstation hardware...
//Early modchips applied the text strings as long as there was applied power to them, whereby later Playstation
//software could detect whether a modchip was installed. This is circumvented in this application by idling the
//modchip after about 25 seconds. The text strings are only tranmitted again when the CD lid is opened and closed
//again, to enable playing multi-disc games. This is also called a stealth modchip in marketing-speak.
//
//This code is verified on an ATTiny45 with the 8MHz internal oscillator using a Saleae Logic Analyser, timing is
//reasonable important in this application.
//Kindly coded and documented by TheFrietMan, August 20 2015, The Netherlands.
//The Playstation is great but nothing beats our national pride, the Philips CDi! Cheesiness for the win!
//
//PINOUT IC:
//  ATTiny45:
//    Pin 1: Not connected
//    Pin 2: Not connected
//    Pin 3: Not connected
//    Pin 4: Ground
//    Pin 5: OUT - Data
//    Pin 6: OUT - Gate
//    Pin 7: IN - CD lid
//    Pin 8: Vcc
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include <Flash.h>     //Include the Flash library to conveniently store the SCExData-arrays in PROGMEM, see http://arduiniana.org/libraries/flash/

//BLOODY GLOBAL VARIABLES
//Pins for the Arduino Uno
int data = 8;        //The pin that outputs the SCEE SCEA SCEI string
int gate = 9;        //The pin that gets pulled low to enable data injection on the Playstation motherboard
int lid = 10;         //The pin that gets connected to the internal CD lid signal; active high

//Pins for the ATTiny45 Arduino
//int data = 0;
//int gate = 1;
//int lid = 2;
boolean flagFirstCycle = 0;    //This flag is 1 when the system completes the first cycle of SCEx-string outputting; this is done to stealth the chip up

void setup()
{ 
  pinMode(data, INPUT);    //The pins are high-impedance when configured as inputs so they don't interfere with the Playstation mortherboard circuitry
  pinMode(gate, INPUT);    
  pinMode(lid, INPUT);
    
  delay(1200);            //Wait a second before we're really heading off  
}

void loop()
{                                                                                                                                //The bitstreams are reversed (because LSB) and inverted (because the buffer we're injecting our signal after also inverted it's input)
  //VARIABLES                                                                                                                    //      Start            Data     Stop
  FLASH_ARRAY (boolean, SCEEData, 1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0);      //SCEE: 1 00110101 00, 1 00111101 00, 1 01011101 00, 1 01011101 00   44 bits total
  FLASH_ARRAY (boolean, SCEAData, 1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0);      //SCEA: 1 00110101 00, 1 00111101 00, 1 01011101 00, 1 01111101 00
  FLASH_ARRAY (boolean, SCEIData, 1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0);      //SCEI: 1 00110101 00, 1 00111101 00, 1 01011101 00, 1 01101101 00
  int arraycounter;
  int datacounter;
  boolean lidstatus = digitalRead(lid);
  
  if (flagFirstCycle == 0)
  {
    pinMode(gate, OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(gate, 0);          //Pull to ground to enable data injecting
   
    for (datacounter = 0; datacounter < 31; datacounter = datacounter + 1)        //One cycle of SCEx-string outputting takes approximately 744 ms; we want to go on for about 25 seconds so we output the cycle 30 times
    {
      for (arraycounter = 0; arraycounter < 44; arraycounter = arraycounter + 1)
      {
        if (SCEEData[arraycounter] == 0)
        {
          pinMode(data, OUTPUT);                //We pull the data pin to ground to force a 0
          digitalWrite(data, 0);
          delay(4);                             //Send the signal for 4 ms
        }
        else
        {
          pinMode(data, INPUT);                //We make the data pin high-impedance to let the pull-up of the Playstation motherboard make a 1
          delay(4);
        }
      }
      delay(64);        //According to the logic analyser the time between two bitstreams now approximates 72 ms on an ATTiny45 with built-in 8MHz oscillator, just like the doctor ordered
      
      for (arraycounter = 0; arraycounter < 44; arraycounter = arraycounter + 1)
      {
        if (SCEAData[arraycounter] == 0)
        {
          pinMode(data, OUTPUT);                //We pull the data pin to ground to force a 0
          digitalWrite(data, 0);
          delay(4);
        }
        else
        {
          pinMode(data, INPUT);                //We make the data pin high-impedance to let the pull-up of the Playstation motherboard make a 1
          delay(4);
        }
      }
      delay(64);
      
      for (arraycounter = 0; arraycounter < 44; arraycounter = arraycounter + 1)
      {
        if (SCEIData[arraycounter] == 0)
        {
          pinMode(data, OUTPUT);                //We pull the data pin to ground to force a 0
          digitalWrite(data, 0);
          delay(4);
        }
        else
        {
          pinMode(data, INPUT);                //We make the data pin high-impedance to let the pull-up of the Playstation motherboard make a 1
          delay(4);
        }
      }
      delay(64);
    }
    pinMode(data, INPUT);    //Make all outputting pins high-impedance again when we're finished
    pinMode(gate, INPUT);
    flagFirstCycle = 1;      //We completed the initial round of SCEx-outputting; only do this again when a new CD is inserted while the Playstation is turned on!
  }
  
  //Only force authentication when this isn't the first cycle and the lid has been opened and closed again
  if ((flagFirstCycle != 0) && (lidstatus != 0))
  {
    delay(50);                      //Extra delay to compensate for the state-switching of the CD lid
    if (lidstatus == 0)            //Only do your thing when the lid is closed again
    {
      delay(100);                     //Just wait a second until the coast is clear
      pinMode(gate, OUTPUT);
      digitalWrite(gate, 0);          //Pull to ground to enable data injecting
   
      for (datacounter = 0; datacounter < 31; datacounter = datacounter + 1)        //One cycle of SCEx-string outputting takes approximately 744 ms; we want to go on for about 25 seconds so we output the cycle 30 times
      {
        for (arraycounter = 0; arraycounter < 44; arraycounter = arraycounter + 1)
        {
          if (SCEEData[arraycounter] == 0)
          {
            pinMode(data, OUTPUT);                //We pull the data pin to ground to force a 0d
            digitalWrite(data, 0);
            delay(4);
          }
          else
          {
            pinMode(data, INPUT);                //We make the data pin high-impedance to let the pull-up of the Playstation motherboard make a 1
            delay(4);
          }
        }
        delay(64);        //Volgens de logic analyser is de tijd tussen de twee bitstreams nu precies 72 ms op een ATTiny45 met ingebouwde 8MHz oscillator, zoals het zou moeten zijn
        
        for (arraycounter = 0; arraycounter < 44; arraycounter = arraycounter + 1)
        {
          if (SCEAData[arraycounter] == 0)
          {
            pinMode(data, OUTPUT);                //We pull the data pin to ground to force a 0
            digitalWrite(data, 0);
            delay(4);
          }
          else
          {
            pinMode(data, INPUT);                //We make the data pin high-impedance to let the pull-up of the Playstation motherboard make a 1
            delay(4);
          }
        }
        delay(64);
        
        for (arraycounter = 0; arraycounter < 44; arraycounter = arraycounter + 1)
        {
          if (SCEIData[arraycounter] == 0)
          {
            pinMode(data, OUTPUT);                //We pull the data pin to ground to force a 0
            digitalWrite(data, 0);
            delay(4);
          }
          else
          {
            pinMode(data, INPUT);                //We make the data pin high-impedance to let the pull-up of the Playstation motherboard make a 1
            delay(4);
          }
        }
        delay(64);
      }
    pinMode(data, INPUT);    //Make all outputting pins high-impedance again when we're finished
    pinMode(gate, INPUT);
    }
  }
}

psnee-v6.ino

//                    PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP                  P            P       
//                   P              P                  PP           P        
//                  P              P                  P P          P         
//                 P              P                  P  P         P          
//                P              P                  P   P        P           
//               P              P                  P    P       P            
//              P              P                  P     P      P             
//             PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP  PPPPPPPPPPP     P      P     P  PPPPPPPPPPP  PPPPPPPPPPP
//            P                 P               P       P    P  P            P 
//           P                 P               P        P   P  P            P  
//          P                 P               P         P  P  P            P   
//         P                 P               P          P P  P            P    
//        P                 PPPPPPPPPPPPPP  P           PP  PPPPPPP      PPPPPPP    
//       P                              P  P            P  P            P      
//      P                              P  P            P  P            P       
//     P                              P  P            P  P            P        
//    P                              P  P            P  P            P        
//   P                              P  P            P  P            P       
//  P                              P  P            P  P            P         
//                     PPPPPPPPPPPP  P            P  PPPPPPPPPPP  PPPPPPPPPPP   VERSION 6!

//UPDATED AT MAY 14 2016, CODED BY THE FRIENDLY FRIETMAN :-)

//PsNee, an open source stealth modchip for the Sony Playstation 1, usable on
//all platforms supported by Arduino, preferably ATTiny. Finally something modern!


//--------------------------------------------------
//                    TL;DR
//--------------------------------------------------
//Look for the "Arduino selection!" section and verify the target platform. Hook up your target device and hit Upload!
//BEWARE: when using ATTiny45, make sure the proper device is selected (Extra=>Board=>ATTiny45 (internal 8MHz clock))
//and the proper fuses are burnt (use Extra=>Burn bootloader for this), otherwise PsNee will malfunction. A tutorial on
//uploading Arduino code via an Arduino Uno to an ATTiny device: http://highlowtech.org/?p=1695
//Look at the pinout for your device and hook PsNee up to the points on your Playstation.


//--------------------------------------------------
//                 General info!
//--------------------------------------------------
//PLAYSTATION 1 SECURITY - HOW IT DOES IT'S THING:
//Sony didn't really go through great lenghts to protect it's precious Playstation
//from running unauthorised software; the main security is based on a simple ASCII
//string of text that is read from a part of an original Playstation disc that cannot
//be reproduced by an ordinary PC CD burner. 
//As most of you will know, a CD is basically a very long rolled up (carrier) string in which very 
//little pits and ehm... little not-pits are embedded that represent the data stored on the disc. 
//The nifty Sony engineers did not use the pits and stuff to store the security checks for
//Playstation discs but went crazy with the rolled up carrier string. In an ordinary CD, the
//string is rolled up so that the spacing between the tracks is as equal as possible. If that
//is not the case, the laser itself needs to move a bit to keep track of the track and 
//reliably read the data off the disc.
//If you wonder how the laser knows when it follows the track optimally: four photodiodes, light 
//intensity measurement, difference measurements, servo. There.
//To the point: the Sony engineers decidedly "fumbled up" the track of sector 4 on a Playstation
//disc (the track was modulated in nerd-speak) so that the error correction circuit outputs a 
//recognisable signal, as the laser needs to be corrected to follow the track optimally.
//This output signal actually is a 250bps serial bitstream (with 1 start bit and 2 stop bits) which 
//in plain ASCII says SCEA (Sony Computer Entertainment of America), SCEE (Sony Computer Entertainment 
//of Europe) or SCEI (Sony Computer Entertainment of Japan), depending on the region of the disc inserted.
//The security thus functions not only as copy protection, but also as region protection.
//The text string from the disc is compared with the text string that is embedded in the Playstation
//hardware. When these text strings are the same, the disc is interpreted to be authentic and from
//the correct region. Bingo!

//HOW THE MODCHIP TRICKS THE PLAYSTATION:
//The modchip isn't all that of a complicated device: clever reverse engineers found the point on the
//Playstation motherboard that carried the text string from the disc and found a way to temporarily block 
//this signal (by grounding an input of an op-amp buffer) to be able to inject the signal from the modchip
//The modchip injects after about 1500ms the text strings SCEE SCEA SCEI on the motherboard point and stops 
//with this after about 25 seconds. Because all the possible valid region options are outputted on the
//motherboard the Playstation gets a bit confused and simply accepts the inserted disc as authentic; after all,
//one of the codes was the same as that of the Playstation hardware...
//Early modchips applied the text strings as long as power was applied to them, whereby later Playstation
//software could detect whether a modchip was installed. This is circumvented in this application by idling the
//modchip after about 25 seconds. The text strings are only tranmitted again when the CD lid is opened and closed
//again, to enable playing multi-disc games. This is also called a stealth modchip in marketing-speak.


//--------------------------------------------------
//               New in this version!
//--------------------------------------------------
//A lot!
// - The PAL SCPH-102 NTSC BIOS-patch works flawlessly! For speed reasons this is implemented in bare
//   AVR C. It is functionally identical to the OneChip modchip, this modchip firmware was disassembled,
//   documented (available on request, but written in Dutch...) and analyzed with a logic analyzer to
//   make sure PsNee works just as well.
// - The code now is segmented in functions which make the program a lot more maintable and readable
// - Timing is perfected, all discs (both backups and originals of PAL and NTSC games) now work in the 
//   PAL SCPH-102 test machine
// - It was found out that the gate signal doesn't havbe to be hooked up to a PAL SCPH-102 Playstation 
//   to circumvent the copy protection. This is not tested on other Playstation models so the signal still
//   is available
// - The /xlat signal is no longer required to time the PAL SCPH-102 NTSC BIOS-patch
// - Only AVR PORTB is used for compatibility reasons (almost all the AVR chips available have PORTB)


//--------------------------------------------------
//                  Pinouts!
//--------------------------------------------------
//FOR ARDUINO UNO (WITH ATMEGA328):
// - Arduino pin 8  = data    = ATMega pin 14
// - Arduino pin 9  = gate    = ATMega pin 15
// - Arduino pin 10 = lid     = ATMega pin 16
// - Arduino pin 11 = biosA18 = ATMega pin 17
// - Arduino pin 12 = biosD2  = ATMega pin 18

//FOR ATTINY25/45/85:
// - Arduino pin 0 = data    = ATTiny pin 5
// - Arduino pin 1 = gate    = ATTiny pin 6
// - Arduino pin 2 = lid     = ATTiny pin 7
// - Arduino pin 3 = biosA18 = ATTiny pin 2
// - Arduino pin 4 = biosD2  = ATTiny pin 3

//--------------------------------------------------
//                    Includes!
//--------------------------------------------------
#include <Flash.h>

//--------------------------------------------------
//               Arduino selection!
//--------------------------------------------------
#define ARDUINO_UNO        //Make that "#define ARDUINO_UNO" if you want to compile for Arduino Uno instead of ATTiny25/45/85

#ifdef ARDUINO_UNO
//Pins
int data = 8;         //The pin that outputs the SCEE SCEA SCEI string
int gate = 9;         //The pin that outputs the SCEE SCEA SCEI string
int lid = 10;         //The pin that gets connected to the internal CD lid signal; active high
int biosA18 = 11;     //Only used in SCPH-102 PAL mode
int biosD2 = 12;      //Only used in SCPH-102 PAL mode
int delay_ntsc = 2350;
int delay_between_bits = 4;
int delay_between_injections = 74;
#endif

#ifdef ATTINY
//Pins
int data = 0;        //The pin that outputs the SCEE SCEA SCEI string
int gate = 1;
int lid = 2;         //The pin that gets connected to the internal CD lid signal; active high
int biosA18 = 3;     //Only used in SCPH-102 PAL mode
int biosD2 = 4;      //Only used in SCPH-102 PAL mode
int delay_ntsc = 2400;
int delay_between_bits = 4;
int delay_between_injections = 68;
#endif

//--------------------------------------------------
//              Global variables!
//--------------------------------------------------
//None, just like it should be!

//--------------------------------------------------
//              Seperate functions!
//--------------------------------------------------
void NTSC_fix()
{
  //Make sure all pins are inputs
  DDRB = 0x00;
  
  //Wait until just before the pulse on BIOS A18 arrives
  delay(delay_ntsc);
  
  //...And wait here until it actually happened
  while(!(PINB & B00001000))
  {
    ;  //Wait
  }
  delayMicroseconds(12);
  PORTB = B00000000;
  DDRB = B00010000;
  delayMicroseconds(5);
  DDRB = 0x00;
}

void inject_SCEE()
{
  //SCEE-array                                                                                                                   //      Start            Data     Stop
  FLASH_ARRAY (boolean, SCEEData, 1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0);      //SCEE: 1 00110101 00, 1 00111101 00, 1 01011101 00, 1 01011101 00   44 bits total
  
  int bit_counter;
  
  for (bit_counter = 0; bit_counter < 44; bit_counter = bit_counter + 1)
  {
    if (SCEEData[bit_counter] == 0)
    {        
      pinMode(data, OUTPUT);
      digitalWrite(data, 0);
      delay(delay_between_bits);
    }
    else
    { 
      pinMode(data, INPUT);                //We make the data pin high-impedance to let the pull-up of the Playstation motherboard make a 1
      delay(delay_between_bits);
    }
  }
  
  pinMode(data, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(data, 0);
  delay(delay_between_injections);
}

void inject_SCEA()
{
  //SCEE-array                                                                                                                   //      Start            Data     Stop
  FLASH_ARRAY (boolean, SCEAData, 1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0);      //SCEA: 1 00110101 00, 1 00111101 00, 1 01011101 00, 1 01111101 00
  
  int bit_counter;
  
  for (bit_counter = 0; bit_counter < 44; bit_counter = bit_counter + 1)
  {
    if (SCEAData[bit_counter] == 0)
    {        
      pinMode(data, OUTPUT);
      digitalWrite(data, 0);
      delay(delay_between_bits);
    }
    else
    { 
      pinMode(data, INPUT);                //We make the data pin high-impedance to let the pull-up of the Playstation motherboard make a 1
      delay(delay_between_bits);
    }
  }
  
  pinMode(data, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(data, 0);
  delay(delay_between_injections);
}

void inject_SCEI()
{
  //SCEE-array                                                                                                                   //      Start            Data     Stop
  FLASH_ARRAY (boolean, SCEIData, 1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0);      //SCEI: 1 00110101 00, 1 00111101 00, 1 01011101 00, 1 01101101 00
  
  int bit_counter;
  
  for (bit_counter = 0; bit_counter < 44; bit_counter = bit_counter + 1)
  {
    if (SCEIData[bit_counter] == 0)
    {        
      pinMode(data, OUTPUT);
      digitalWrite(data, 0);
      delay(delay_between_bits);
    }
    else
    {
      pinMode(data, INPUT);                //We make the data pin high-impedance to let the pull-up of the Playstation motherboard make a 1
      delay(delay_between_bits);
    }
  }
  
  pinMode(data, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(data, 0);
  delay(delay_between_injections);
}

void inject_multiple_times(int number_of_injection_cycles)
{
  int cycle_counter;
  
  for(cycle_counter = 0; cycle_counter < number_of_injection_cycles; cycle_counter = cycle_counter + 1)
  {
    inject_SCEE();
    inject_SCEA();
    inject_SCEI();
  }
}

void inject_playstation()
{
  //Variables
  int loop_counter;
  
  //Code
  NTSC_fix();
  
  delay(6900);
  digitalWrite(data, 0);
  pinMode(data, OUTPUT);
  delay(100);
 
  pinMode(gate, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(gate, 0);
  
  for (loop_counter = 0; loop_counter < 25; loop_counter = loop_counter + 1)
  {
    inject_SCEE();
  }
  
  pinMode(gate, INPUT);
  pinMode(data, INPUT);
  delay(11000);
  
  pinMode(gate, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(gate, 0);
  
  for (loop_counter = 0; loop_counter < 60; loop_counter = loop_counter + 1)
  {
    inject_SCEE();
  }
  
  pinMode(gate, INPUT);
  pinMode(data, INPUT);
}

//!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
//--------------------------------------------------
//     Setup function - execution starts here!
//--------------------------------------------------
void setup()
{
  inject_playstation();
}

//----------------------------------------------------------------
//   Loop function - executes after the initial injection cycle
//----------------------------------------------------------------
void loop()
{
  if(lid == 0)
  {
    while(lid != 1);      //Wait until the lid is closed again (after being opened) to initiate a new injection cycle
    inject_playstation();
  }
}