This python script uploads an apk file into Google Play Store using Android Play Publisher API

basic_upload_apks_service_account.py

#!/usr/bin/python
#
# Copyright 2014 Marta Rodriguez.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 'License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""Uploads an apk to the alpha track."""

import argparse

from apiclient.discovery import build
import httplib2
from oauth2client import client

TRACK = 'alpha'  # Can be 'alpha', beta', 'production' or 'rollout'
SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL = (
    'ENTER_YOUR_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL_HERE@developer.gserviceaccount.com')

# Declare command-line flags.
argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
argparser.add_argument('package_name',
                       help='The package name. Example: com.android.sample')
argparser.add_argument('apk_file',
                       nargs='?',
                       default='test.apk',
                       help='The path to the APK file to upload.')


def main():
  # Load the key in PKCS 12 format that you downloaded from the Google APIs
  # Console when you created your Service account.
  f = file('key.p12', 'rb')
  key = f.read()
  f.close()

  # Create an httplib2.Http object to handle our HTTP requests and authorize it
  # with the Credentials. Note that the first parameter, service_account_name,
  # is the Email address created for the Service account. It must be the email
  # address associated with the key that was created.
  credentials = client.SignedJwtAssertionCredentials(
      SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL,
      key,
      scope='https://www.googleapis.com/auth/androidpublisher')
  http = httplib2.Http()
  http = credentials.authorize(http)

  service = build('androidpublisher', 'v2', http=http)

  # Process flags and read their values.
  flags = argparser.parse_args()

  package_name = flags.package_name
  apk_file = flags.apk_file

  try:
    edit_request = service.edits().insert(body={}, packageName=package_name)
    result = edit_request.execute()
    edit_id = result['id']

    apk_response = service.edits().apks().upload(
        editId=edit_id,
        packageName=package_name,
        media_body=apk_file).execute()

    print 'Version code %d has been uploaded' % apk_response['versionCode']

    track_response = service.edits().tracks().update(
        editId=edit_id,
        track=TRACK,
        packageName=package_name,
        body={u'versionCodes': [apk_response['versionCode']]}).execute()

    print 'Track %s is set for version code(s) %s' % (
        track_response['track'], str(track_response['versionCodes']))

    commit_request = service.edits().commit(
        editId=edit_id, packageName=package_name).execute()

    print 'Edit "%s" has been committed' % (commit_request['id'])

  except client.AccessTokenRefreshError:
    print ('The credentials have been revoked or expired, please re-run the '
           'application to re-authorize')

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

Google Play Api - Apk Upload.md

In Google Developer Console inside your app project, on the Credentials section, you must create a new "Service Account" "Client ID", if you have not already. And download the p12 file. You need the service account key file, generated in the Google APIs Console into the same directory and rename it to key.p12.

On Google Play Developer Console you have to give permissions to "YOUR_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL@developer.gserviceaccount.com" for uploading apks.

Installation

Download Google APIs Client Library for Python (google-api-python-client): https://code.google.com/p/google-api-python-client/ or use pip:

  $ pip install google-api-python-client

Execution

  python basic_upload_apks_service_account.py your.package.name apk-file.apk

Based on https://github.com/googlesamples/android-play-publisher-api/tree/master/v2/python

FYI :
from oauth2client import client
then

credentials = client.SignedJwtAssertionCredentials(
      SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL,
      key,
      scope='https://www.googleapis.com/auth/androidpublisher')

didn't work anymore you must do this :
from oauth2client.service_account import ServiceAccountCredentials
then

credentials = ServiceAccountCredentials.from_p12_keyfile(
      SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL,
      key,
      scopes='https://www.googleapis.com/auth/androidpublisher')

Thanks! This was a lifesaver. Taking @liszto and @lpetre's work together, plus some other finagling to match the latest API changes and examples, gives us a new gist, working as of 2016: https://gist.github.com/mix3d/665f4ab329b4482297a2f425ebba402c

New gist, working as of 2018: https://gist.github.com/tayl0r/bbffbd0788a71cd4062482ab1c49c292
This new gist supports the .p12 way of authenticating with Google.