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Alexa Smart Home Skill Adapter for Home Assistant
"""
Copyright 2019 Jason Hu <awaregit at gmail.com>
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
"""
import os
import json
import logging
import urllib3
_debug = bool(os.environ.get('DEBUG'))
_logger = logging.getLogger('HomeAssistant-SmartHome')
_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG if _debug else logging.INFO)
def lambda_handler(event, context):
"""Handle incoming Alexa directive."""
_logger.debug('Event: %s', event)
base_url = os.environ.get('BASE_URL')
assert base_url is not None, 'Please set BASE_URL environment variable'
base_url = base_url.strip("/")
directive = event.get('directive')
assert directive is not None, 'Malformatted request - missing directive'
assert directive.get('header', {}).get('payloadVersion') == '3', \
'Only support payloadVersion == 3'
scope = directive.get('endpoint', {}).get('scope')
if scope is None:
# token is in grantee for Linking directive
scope = directive.get('payload', {}).get('grantee')
if scope is None:
# token is in payload for Discovery directive
scope = directive.get('payload', {}).get('scope')
assert scope is not None, 'Malformatted request - missing endpoint.scope'
assert scope.get('type') == 'BearerToken', 'Only support BearerToken'
token = scope.get('token')
if token is None and _debug:
token = os.environ.get('LONG_LIVED_ACCESS_TOKEN') # only for debug purpose
verify_ssl = not bool(os.environ.get('NOT_VERIFY_SSL'))
http = urllib3.PoolManager(
cert_reqs='CERT_REQUIRED' if verify_ssl else 'CERT_NONE',
timeout=urllib3.Timeout(connect=2.0, read=10.0)
)
response = http.request(
'POST',
'{}/api/alexa/smart_home'.format(base_url),
headers={
'Authorization': 'Bearer {}'.format(token),
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
},
body=json.dumps(event).encode('utf-8'),
)
if response.status >= 400:
return {
'event': {
'payload': {
'type': 'INVALID_AUTHORIZATION_CREDENTIAL'
if response.status in (401, 403) else 'INTERNAL_ERROR',
'message': response.data.decode("utf-8"),
}
}
}
_logger.debug('Response: %s', response.data.decode("utf-8"))
return json.loads(response.data.decode('utf-8'))
@mic-user
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mic-user commented Sep 8, 2022

Refer the step by step to implement Alexa skil bridge
at
https://alexa_skill_bridge_lambda

The Checklist for your guys in the past and the future for the record.
(If you don't pass thru below checklist any of bit, you cannot get the own Alexa skill link.)

[pre-requisition]

  1. Check HA address that your own domain or dynamic DNS(DDNS) or even IP

  2. Prepare sure SSL certification that the free Let'sencrypt or free self-signed or commercial SSL cert if you would like.

  3. Set the SSL cert on your server for HTTPS. And make sure SSL properly applied.

  4. Set Alexa configuration in configuration.xml. Start simple and fill up later after link. Make problem simple for linkage.

  5. Create AWS account

  6. Choose the AWS Lambda region that N.Virginia or Oregon or EU that related to your Alexa language locale. AWS Alexa service will automatically find your Lambda region geologically by judging your Alexa locale.

I prefer make three identically same lambda in each Regions that Virginia, Oregon, EU if you need it.

  1. Just copy & paste the source code into the Lambda(s) from Matt2005 at https://gist.github.com/matt2005/744b5ef548cc13d88d0569eea65f5e5b (thanks)

  2. Create AWS Alexa Developer Account

  3. Create AWS Alexa Skill for your own HA linkage as the materials

  4. Put the endpoint address into the Alexa skill setting(as only default if you only have one, or set multiply each by check the checkbox.)

  5. Setup the Lambdas's trigger as Alexa

  6. READ carefully ALL the MATERIALS regards above to complete the section for 'Lambda' and 'Skill' both.(above are only simple summary)

  7. Stop/cut and logout the home asisstant's(by nabucase.net) cloud annual payment service from the HA settings if you have.

[To get account link(important part)]

  1. Check the AWS Lambda region that N.Virginia or Oregon or EU that related to your Alexa locale
  2. Make sure your home assistant's exposed port is 443 not 8123 which Alexa OAuth standard requirement.

so need to change your nginx's exernal open port into 443. Giveaway the 443 to HA if another your own service holding it.

  1. Make sure your network firewall that possible to reach to Home assistant by LTE or from any outside not your home Wi-Fi self.
    by test POST https://your_ha-domain_name/api/alexa/smart_home from lambda source code that any of response working. If you can see 40x on web browser, you will be fine.

Make sure below paths are accessible without any blocker(do not care about server errors if you can reach it.)

  • GET https://your_ha-domain_name/auth/authorize (OAuth standard api interface)
  • GET https://your_ha-domain_name/auth/providers (OAuth standard api interface)
  • GET https://your_ha-domain_name/manifest.json (OAuth standard api interface)
  • POST https://your_ha-domain_name/auth/login_flow (OAuth standard api interface)
  • POST https://your_ha-domain_name/api/alexa/smart_home (Alexa standard interface)
    which means that allow every URL paths in your firewall and NginX for HA.
  1. Make sure your NginX really bypassing to your HA the outside traffic.

Especially, https://your_ha-domain_name/api/alexa/smart_home paht possible to bypass all traffic.

  1. Get your final external address, and set into all BASE_URL of environment variables & every in AWS Alexa console, AWS Lambeda, NginX, etc that port 443 without ':xxxx' part for your HA address.

  2. If your SSL cert is free one, make sure your skill as in 'DEV' mode on the Alexa console where listed. If you have commercial no matter what dev or production mode.

  3. Go to Alexa app or web > go to skill list > find your skill in DEV or peroper tab > click the skill you made > 'Enable' > Now login into HA(doesn't matter MFA or not) > TADA! you can see beautiful green 'successfully linked' message.
    (if you cannot, it might firewall or any network path issue that blocked to reach to HA. So go back and recheck again.)

[Wait discovery(which Automatic drive)]

  1. AFTER, account link as above, the Alexa app gose to discovery mode.
    IF you already have discovered devices list in the Alexa app by another Alexa link service,
    the app will tell you 'NO NEW device discovered' that nothing wrong since there are NO MORE NEW devices to discover.
    or
    if you are very new to link-up with Alexa, after discovery while, you can see all the devices on your Alexa app.

Walla!. All your from now.

[Addition]

  1. Do not spend your money for same services. Since this is exactly same service you have now.

[Summary]

  • Exposed 443 HA port.
  • Any SSL cert.
  • Get the external HA Address.
  • Alexa config in HA confiuration.xml
  • Lambda at right region for locale
  • Set the address into everywhere correctly like BASE_URL, Alexa console, etc.
  • Non-blocked network path to HA reside in your room.
  • Wait discovery and use.

[Q & A]

  • Is there will be extra charges/bill from AWS Lambda or Alexa Console?

Mostly zero. Since the Lambda(a bridge between Alexa system and HA) only used when you are in log-in via Alexa skill
and discovery and some only few.
By the discovered infomation(which rarely occur), Alexa communicate with HA directly in your local home network.
In common sense, monthly 5000 calls of small Lambda only make about 0.02 USD per month. That cheap enough.
it only make sevral hundres of calls. Do not worry unless your system hacked by bad guys.

  • Is there any addtional technical modification while do all above?

No and Yes.
For Alexa console and AWS Lambda code, no extra effort needed. Just copy & paste all the things and do as the materials exaclty guide you. Do no addtional thing unless you are exaxtly understand what you are doing additionally.
For your local home network(like nginx and firewalls, etc), yes. you need to do adjust your own network configuration. But you can find everythings from web. Just do google.

@mandarBadve
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Hi Guys, i have a little Problem. I have a DS-Lite Connection at home so i'm using AAAA Records to remote-Access my Home-Assistant via IPV6. But unfortunately this Code doesn't work for me for some reasons... I can normally access my HomeAssistant and i even get a "405" when entering https://YOUR-HA-URL:YOUR-PORT/api/alexa/smart_home , wherever i am. But why can't the Lambda function conntect to my HA... error message as follows: error msg

I hope someone can help me... don't know what to do.. or is the Lambda Function just unable to do ipv6 connections? Thanks in advance!

Did you find any solution?

@Alethio36
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after following the instructions to a letter, my issue was in cloudflare (its always dns isnt it?). i had "bot fight mode" (Security->Bots) turned on. and it was blocking any attempt at connecting the app, as well as the lambda test. as a work around under WAF -> Tools, i added
AS16509 (make sure to hit enter after you type it in) as a ip access rule to allow access. seems to work, but be kinda hacky.

@Baz-ace
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Baz-ace commented Feb 14, 2023

help
I followed Lewis's video which was fantastic, I got as far as testing the link to my Home Assistant instance with worked showing my equipment. Unfortunately my SD card crashed and its took me 11days to resurrect my Home Assistant instance, anyway I tried to recover the AWS, Alexa and Home Assistant links. Anyway I get all the way through until I test the setup and then I get an error relating to config START RequestId: 5e47a47a-1306-4dbc-9656-7672bc89a22b Version: $LATEST
[ERROR] AssertionError: Only support payloadVersion == 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/var/task/lambda_function.py", line 36, in lambda_handler
    'Only support payloadVersion == 3'
END RequestId: 5e47a47a-1306-4dbc-9656-7672bc89a22b
REPORT RequestId: 5e47a47a-1306-4dbc-9656-7672bc89a22b Duration: 20.64 ms Billed Duration: 21 ms Memory Size: 128 MB Max Memory Used: 38 MB Init Duration: 145.78 ms
I am completely lost as to what to do, I tried deleting all from AWS Function and Role redoing from scratch, this made no difference I got the same error.
Bazza

@hs6666
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hs6666 commented Mar 5, 2023

hmmm .. when adding default endpoint in alexa developer console getting following, any ideas please? ..... Please make sure that "Alexa Smart Home" is selected for the event source type, for provided arn [Invalid value] : arn:aws:lambda:eu-west-1:xxxxxxxxxxxxxx:function:HomeAssistant

thanks

@Baz-ace
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Baz-ace commented Mar 5, 2023

Make sure your using the region Ireland, there’s only a few of the available options work.

@hs6666
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hs6666 commented Mar 6, 2023

Hi, I think I've chosen the right regions, I've attached the screenshots from my aws and developer consoles.... thanks

Capture

Capture2

@Baz-ace
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Baz-ace commented Mar 6, 2023

Sorry I’m not the right person to help you, I’m also completely stuck, the region is one area I went astray on!

@cannock607
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I'm also stuck on this same point. None of the suggested regions appear to have the "smart home" skill. Everything else works and the lambda code can interact with home assistant when I run a test. I just can't get the Alexa skill to integrate with the lambda code. Has anybody figured this out?

@Baz-ace
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Baz-ace commented Mar 20, 2023

I'm also stuck on this same point. None of the suggested regions appear to have the "smart home" skill. Everything else works and the lambda code can interact with home assistant when I run a test. I just can't get the Alexa skill to integrate with the lambda code. Has anybody figured this out?

Make sure you use the Ireland region!

@cannock607
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I'm also stuck on this same point. None of the suggested regions appear to have the "smart home" skill. Everything else works and the lambda code can interact with home assistant when I run a test. I just can't get the Alexa skill to integrate with the lambda code. Has anybody figured this out?

Make sure you use the Ireland region!

Thanks for your reply. I have tried all suggested regions. I've attached a screenshot of the Ireland region as an example. The only available trigger is the "Alexa" trigger. Neither the "Alexa Smart Home" or "Alexa Skill Kit" options appear. It is like this for all suggested regions.
Screenshot 2023-03-20 at 8 06 58 AM

@nonkronk
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nonkronk commented Apr 1, 2023

For those who are using Cloudflare's free tier behind your IP and are having difficulty getting it to work, try disabling Bot Fight Mode.
I know it's not ideal, but it's the only way I could get it to work for my setup. Maybe anyone have any suggestions?

image

@Crayzme
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Crayzme commented Apr 1, 2023

What would it cost to get one of you to remote build me a virtualbox for this? I can’t use HA cloud

@cannock607
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I'm also stuck on this same point. None of the suggested regions appear to have the "smart home" skill. Everything else works and the lambda code can interact with home assistant when I run a test. I just can't get the Alexa skill to integrate with the lambda code. Has anybody figured this out?

Make sure you use the Ireland region!

Thanks for your reply. I have tried all suggested regions. I've attached a screenshot of the Ireland region as an example. The only available trigger is the "Alexa" trigger. Neither the "Alexa Smart Home" or "Alexa Skill Kit" options appear. It is like this for all suggested regions. Screenshot 2023-03-20 at 8 06 58 AM

I don't know why it was not doing this when I first posted, but selecting the Alexa iot skill in a supported region now gives me additional options. After selecting the skill, I can select between Alexa Smart Home or Alexa Skill Kit. Selecting Alexa Smart Home seems to do the trick.

@quietsnow
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I'm at a loss. This has worked - and not worked - and worked - etc - according to the results of the Lambda tests. I have fiddled with so many things and it seems completely random when it works and not. I rarely get two successful tests in a row (but I did a couple times). When it doesn't work, I typically get "Task timed out after 3.01 seconds". When it does work, I've been able to see the devices/entities I expose in the configuration.yaml file in the logging details, so I know it's communicating w/ my HA. Yet, no matter the situation, Alexa never discovers these exposed entities.

I'm using CloudFlare's Free Tunnel and have allowed WAF (Web Application Firewall) rules that allow unfettered communication between about a dozen Amazon ASNs as well as any traffic originating from HA.

@ben-kenney
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ben-kenney commented Jun 2, 2023

I've also setup my HA using cloudflare. This integration was working very well for me for a while but has recently stopped working, complaining about an SSL error.

The lambda test result now gives me this:

"errorMessage": "HTTPSConnectionPool(host='MY.HA.URL', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /api/alexa/smart_home (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1091)')))",

@ballakers
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For those who are using Cloudflare's free tier behind your IP and are having difficulty getting it to work, try disabling Bot Fight Mode. I know it's not ideal, but it's the only way I could get it to work for my setup. Maybe anyone have any suggestions?

image

I found I had to do this a few months back when I changed ISP providers and I was messing with CloudFlare settings at the same time. Think this could be many peoples problem but maybe that setting is off as default and I turned it on myself!?

@ElVit
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ElVit commented Nov 17, 2023

For those who are using Cloudflare's free tier behind your IP and are having difficulty getting it to work, try disabling Bot Fight Mode. I know it's not ideal, but it's the only way I could get it to work for my setup. Maybe anyone have any suggestions?
image

I found I had to do this a few months back when I changed ISP providers and I was messing with CloudFlare settings at the same time. Think this could be many peoples problem but maybe that setting is off as default and I turned it on myself!?

Thanks for the hint. Same problem here.
But instead of "Bot Fight Mode" I had enabled a "WAF" (Web Application Firewall).
I had blocked all connections instead of Germany.
But since the Alexa requests are coming from Ireland they were always blocked.
Now after adding Irland to my white list it’s working again 😃.

@enspiro
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enspiro commented Nov 20, 2023

i am trying to add a user agent in the post request. For that i have added this below.
Unfortunately it is not working as expected.

User_Agent = "python-urllib3/1.26.9"

http = urllib3.PoolManager(
    cert_reqs='CERT_REQUIRED' if verify_ssl else 'CERT_NONE',
    timeout=urllib3.Timeout(connect=2.0, read=10.0)
)

response = http.request(
    'POST', 
    '{}/api/alexa/smart_home'.format(base_url),
    headers={
        'Authorization': 'Bearer {}'.format(token),
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
        'User-Agent': User_Agent
    },
    body=json.dumps(event).encode('utf-8'),
)

@stalsma
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stalsma commented Nov 21, 2023

I've been fighting this for what seems like two days now. Lots of good comments here, that pointed me in the right direction. Figured I would document what worked for me, in hopes that it helps someone save some time.

Specifically, I'm running a Docker instance on Synology, and my only public IP is IP6. Amazon servers will only resolve IP4, so I need a IP4->IP6 proxy. This is pretty simple (festeip.de, MyOnlinePortal.net) both work, but they provide a port that is NOT 443 for the proxy address. Everything worked until account linking, which always failed after logging in to HASS. As noted above, the connections for Alexa account linking have to be made over SSL AND over port 443.

I finally got the Alexa account to link by:

  1. setup a cloudflare tunnel (gives me the public IP4 addr) that
  2. tunnels to a CNAME entry maintained by DDNS (Synology's built-in service supports IP6)
  3. CNAME IP resolves to my NAS IP directly (router forwards port 443 is to NAS)
  4. A reverse proxy (Synology Login Portal) translates the incoming address (https://my-cloudflare-domain:443) to http://localhost:8123.

@trilu2000
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Many thanks for the script, it is working for me since a while now without any issues.
Would it be possible to use the share for Assist information and also the alias settings from there in the future?

@rohrbrecher
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So I had similar issues like so many people here and also in some forums around the web. My internet provider at home only assigns a public IPv6 to me and so everything I tried using reverse proxy and other services like fest-ip.net didn't work.
I found a user in a german forum (heimnetz.de) who helped me to analyse the problem for over 3 days and we ultimately found a solution which works pretty nicely for me and which might also be helpful for others.

To solve the need for a public IPv4 I rented the cheapest vServer I found, which I got from Ionos and which costs 1€/month.
This server has both a public IPv4 (to communicate with AWS) as well as a publich IPv6 (to communicate with me).
I installed a tool called 6tunnel, which is super easy to configure: 6tunnel 443 public.IPv6.of.my.reverse.proxy 443
This tool now takes all the requests sent to it on port 443 and forwards them to my reverse proxy on the same port.
My reverse proxy takes the request and forwards it to my HomeAssistant at port 8123, so I didn't even have to change that.

And it works! I know that this is a similar solution like proposed by stalsma before me but with this vServer I even have the flexibility to host my reverse proxy there, if I'd want to.

@dlangamer
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after following the instructions to a letter, my issue was in cloudflare (its always dns isnt it?). i had "bot fight mode" (Security->Bots) turned on. and it was blocking any attempt at connecting the app, as well as the lambda test. as a work around under WAF -> Tools, i added AS16509 (make sure to hit enter after you type it in) as a ip access rule to allow access. seems to work, but be kinda hacky.

Man, you killed the riddle!

I had the same problem and was having trouble for over 2 weeks. It was Bot Fight and WAF. All I had to do was add the rule in waf tools releasing the Amazon ASN and everything went well. Thank you very much. Everything working perfectly. For those who don't know how to identify the ASN that is trying to connect to the Amazon instance, just go to the CloudFlare panel > Security > Events and check the connection attempts to your instance.

God bless you! :)

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