I ran the following (to get the CentOS base box from here)
vagrant init centos/7
vagrant up --provider virtualbox
but this failed with the error
"rsync" could not be found on your PATH. Make sure that rsync is properly installed on your system and available on the PATH.
Modified Vagrantfile to add the following line
config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", type: "virtualbox"
This time it gave the error:
Vagrant was unable to mount VirtualBox shared folders. This is usually because the filesystem "vboxsf" is not available. This filesystem is made available via the VirtualBox Guest Additions and kernel module. Please verify that these guest additions are properly installed in the guest. This is not a bug in Vagrant and is usually caused by a faulty Vagrant box. For context, the command attempted was:
mount -t vboxsf -o uid=1000,gid=1000 vagrant /vagrant
The error output from the command was:
mount: unknown filesystem type 'vboxsf'
so I installed the Guest Additions plugin like so...
vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest
and this allowed the machine to be started with
vagrant up --provider virtualbox
Some of this information was gleaned from Vagrant error when mount synced folder
I later found similar guidelines at Updated CentOS Vagrant Images Available (v1704.01)