Note that the authorization mechanism requires GDAL 3.6 or later, find your version in terra with terra::gdal().
library(terra)
url <- "https://archive.podaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/podaac-ops-cumulus-protected/MUR-JPL-L4-GLOB-v4.1/20240318090000-JPL-L4_GHRSST-SSTfnd-MUR-GLOB-v02.0-fv04.1.nc"
## make a GDAL dsn for an online file
dsn <- sprintf("/vsicurl/%s", url)
## we need our earthdata token set (how you input the token is an open topic, maybe use an env var with Sys.getenv)
Sys.setenv("GDAL_HTTP_HEADERS" = sprintf("Authorization: Bearer %s", mytoken))
## open it and select analysed_sst
sst <- rast(dsn, "analysed_sst") sst
class : SpatRaster
dimensions : 17999, 36000, 1 (nrow, ncol, nlyr)
resolution : 0.01, 0.01 (x, y)
extent : -179.995, 180.005, -89.995, 89.995 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
coord. ref. : lon/lat WGS 84 (CRS84) (OGC:CRS84)
source : 20240318090000-JPL-L4_GHRSST-SSTfnd-MUR-GLOB-v02.0-fv04.1.nc:analysed_sst
varname : analysed_sst (analysed sea surface temperature)
name : analysed_sst
unit : kelvin
time : 2024-03-18 09:00:00 UTC