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membphis/Apache APISIX vs KONG

Last active August 5, 2024 11:20
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Apache APISIX vs KONG
Apache apisix benchmark script: https://github.com/iresty/apisix/blob/master/benchmark/run.sh
Kong beanchmark script:
curl -i -X POST \
--url http://localhost:8001/services/ \
--data 'name=example-service' \
--data 'host=127.0.0.1'
curl -i -X POST \
--url http://localhost:8001/services/example-service/routes \
--data 'paths[]=/hello'
curl -i -X POST http://localhost:8001/routes/efd9d857-39bf-4154-85ec-edb7c1f53856/plugins \
--data "name=rate-limiting" \
--data "config.hour=999999999999" \
--data "config.policy=local"
curl -i -X POST http://localhost:8001/routes/efd9d857-39bf-4154-85ec-edb7c1f53856/plugins \
--data "name=prometheus"
curl -i http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello/hello
wrk -d 5 -c 16 http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello/hello
@membphis
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Author

@cboitel we'd better use latest official release (both apisix and kong).

we should run them on a cloud ENV, eg AWS, Google or Alibaba Cloud.
Then the other users are easy to confirm if our benchmark result is correct, that is very important.

@cboitel
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cboitel commented Jun 24, 2020

Improved tests for Kong

Global setup

  • Machine: VM with 8 CPU, 16Gb RAM, 100Gb Disk
  • OS:
    • CentOS 7 with latest patches installed (sudo yum update)
    • killall command installed (sudo yum install -y psmisc)
    • login with sudo priviledges (required for we installed software via RPM)

Kong setup

  • installed from Kong's RPM : see https://docs.konghq.com/install/centos/
  • db-less mode enabled and nginx_worker_processes defined (commented by default: default value is auto)
    • more simple to setup
    • don't expect performance issues for an in-memory cache is used 
      # save original kong configuration file
sudo cp -p /etc/kong/kong.conf /etc/kong/kong.conf.original

# enable db-less mode
cat << __EOF__ | sudo tee -a /etc/kong/kong.conf 
# enable db-less mode
database = off
declarative_config = /etc/kong/kong.yml
# default work setting
nginx_worker_processes = auto
__EOF__
  • install script used to run Kong tests:
    • run similar to run.sh from apisix with a few changes
    • tune reference (server provided in incubator-apisix/benchmark/server) server to use half of available CPUs
    • added performance tests of reference server to measure its raw performance
    • kong is reloaded between run (due to db-less mode and start with clean setup)
    • add uptime after each wrk to check load average over the last minute
    • wrk duration set to 60s (so we can check load average never exceeded the number of CPU available over the last minute)
tee kong-run.sh << __EOS__ && chmod +x kong-run.sh
#! /bin/bash -x 

#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#

let maxprocs=$(nproc --all)
let maxworkers=\$maxprocs/2
let worker_cnt=\$maxworkers
[ -n "\$1" ] && worker_cnt=\$1
echo -e "> worker_cnt=\$worker_cnt"
[ \$worker_cnt -gt \$maxworkers ] && echo -e "WARNING: workers count should not exit $maxworkers (half of CPUs)"

echo -e "> applying configuration to /etc/kong/kong.conf"
[ ! -e /etc/kong/kong.conf ] && echo -e "FATAL: /etc/kong/kong.conf file missing !" && exit 1
if [[ "\$(uname)" == "Darwin" ]]; then
    sudo sed  -i "" "s/^nginx_worker_processes\s*=.*/nginx_worker_processes=\$worker_cnt/g" /etc/kong/kong.conf || exit 1
else
    sudo sed  -i "s/^nginx_worker_processes\s*=.*/nginx_worker_processes=\$worker_cnt/g" /etc/kong/kong.conf || exit 1
fi

function cleanUp () {
    echo -e "> cleanup any wrk process: "
    pgrep -a wrk && sudo killall wrk
    echo -e "> cleanup any openresty process: " 
    pgrep -a openresty && sudo killall openresty
    echo -e "> cleanup any nginx process: " 
    pgrep -a nginx && sudo killall nginx
}
trap 'cleanUp' INT

function doWrk () {
        wrk -d 60 -c 16 \$1 && uptime
}

echo -e "\n\n#############################################\n> cleanup things just in case"
cleanUp

echo -e "> ensure a clone of incubator-apisix is available"
[ ! -d incubator-apisix ] && (git clone https://github.com/apache/incubator-apisix || exit 1)

echo -e "\n\n#############################################\n> starting benchmark server" 
echo -e "> adjusting server workers to \$worker_cnt"
if [[ "\$(uname)" == "Darwin" ]]; then
    sudo sed  -i "" "s/^worker_processes\s.*/worker_processes \$worker_cnt;/g" \$PWD/incubator-apisix/benchmark/server/conf/nginx.conf || exit 1
else
    sudo sed  -i "s/^worker_processes .*/worker_processes \$worker_cnt;/g" \$PWD/incubator-apisix/benchmark/server/conf/nginx.conf || exit 1
fi
mkdir -p incubator-apisix/benchmark/server/logs && sudo /usr/local/openresty/bin/openresty -p \$PWD/incubator-apisix/benchmark/server || exit 1
sleep 3
echo -e "> openresty processes:" && pgrep -a openresty &&
echo -e "> curling server:" && curl -i http://127.0.0.1:80/hello && 
echo -e "> running performance tests:" && doWrk http://127.0.0.1:80/hello

echo -e "\n\n#############################################\nkong: \$worker_cnt worker + 1 upstream + no plugin"

# setup kong configuration
cat << __EOF__ | sudo tee /etc/kong/kong.yml || exit 1
_format_version: "1.1"

services:
- name: example-service
  host: 127.0.0.1
  routes:
  - paths:
    - /hello
__EOF__
# restart kong to ensure clean setup
sudo systemctl stop kong && sleep 2 && sudo systemctl start kong && sleep 2 && 
echo -e "> nginx processes:" && pgrep -a nginx &&
echo -e "> curling service:" && curl -i http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello/hello && 
echo -e "> running performance tests:" && doWrk http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello/hello 

echo -e "\n\n#############################################\nkong: \$worker_cnt worker + 1 upstream + 2 plugins (limit-count + prometheus)"

# setup kong configuration
cat << __EOF__ | sudo tee /etc/kong/kong.yml || exit 1
_format_version: "1.1"

services:
- name: example-service
  host: 127.0.0.1
  routes:
  - paths:
    - /hello
  plugins:
  - name: rate-limiting
    config:
      hour: 999999999999
      policy: local
  - name: prometheus
__EOF__

# restart kong to ensure clean setup
sudo systemctl stop kong && sleep 2 && sudo systemctl start kong && sleep 2 && 
echo -e "> nginx processes:" && pgrep -a nginx &&
echo -e "> curling service:" && curl -i http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello/hello && 
echo -e "> running performance tests:" && doWrk http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello/hello 

echo -e "\n\n#############################################\n> stopping benchmark server & kong"
sudo /usr/local/openresty/bin/openresty -p \$PWD/incubator-apisix/benchmark/server -s stop || exit 1
sudo systemctl stop kong || exit 1
echo -e "> left openresty processes:" && pgrep -a openresty
echo -e "> left wrk processes:" && pgrep -a wrk
__EOS__

Notes:

  • in tests runs, i had modified my script to:
    • set the number of workers for benchmark server to a fix value (half number of cpus) instead of settings to the same number of workers in kong
    • it didn't change the game

Running kong benchmarks

Running for a number of worker starting at 1 and doubling but never exceeding the number of CPU on machine /2 :

let maxworkers=$(nproc --all)/2; let i=1; while [ $i -le $maxworkers ]; do ./kong-run.sh $i > kong-run-${i}-worker.out; let i=$i*2; done

See attached result files

Summary:

Req/s Workers Req/s Avg Stdev Max
benchmark server 1 44192.10 363.55us 133.65us 8.16ms
benchmark server 2 86072.74 181.45us 30.60us 1.80ms
benchmark server 4 138865.40 85.16us 57.52us 7.46ms
kong no plugin 1 14104.31 1.16ms 446.01us 16.20ms
kong no plugin 2 25611.06 664.92us 476.94us 10.43ms
kong no plugin 4 44990.11 395.17us 346.85us 10.87ms
kong 2 plugins 1 1947.98 8.23ms 1.85ms 27.94ms
kong 2 plugins 2 3546.25 4.63ms 2.74ms 35.79ms
kong 2 plugins 4 6153.83 2.71ms 1.80ms 23.27ms
  1. benchmark server (a simple openresty app):
    • shows excellent performance and scalability
    • as such, it is not a bottleneck in our tests
  2. kong shows similar scalability but drops your throughput significantly and adds latency
    • you process 3 times less with no plugins enabled
    • you process more than 20 times less with rate+prometheus plugins enabled
    • it also adds latency and increases response time variation by the same factors

detailed output results

kong-run-1-worker.out

> worker_cnt=1
> applying configuration to /etc/kong/kong.conf


#############################################
> cleanup things just in case
> cleanup any wrk process: 
> cleanup any openresty process: 
> cleanup any nginx process: 
> ensure a clone of incubator-apisix is available


#############################################
> starting benchmark server
> adjusting server workers to 4
> openresty processes:
2162 nginx: master process /usr/local/openresty/bin/openresty -p /home/centos/incubator-apisix/benchmark/server
2163 nginx: worker process                                                               
2164 nginx: worker process                                                               
2165 nginx: worker process                                                               
2166 nginx: worker process                                                               
> curling server:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: openresty/1.15.8.3
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2020 15:11:22 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive

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Running 1m test @ http://127.0.0.1:80/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    84.51us   35.08us   2.96ms   69.75%
    Req/Sec    69.76k     4.49k   84.13k    65.72%
  8345719 requests in 1.00m, 32.44GB read
Requests/sec: 138862.33
Transfer/sec:    552.75MB
 15:12:22 up 37 min,  1 user,  load average: 2.97, 0.87, 0.51


#############################################
kong: 1 worker + 1 upstream + no plugin
_format_version: "1.1"

services:
- name: example-service
  host: 127.0.0.1
  routes:
  - paths:
    - /hello
> nginx processes:
2209 nginx: master process /usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx -p /usr/local/kong -c nginx.conf
2219 nginx: worker process                                                 
> curling service:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Server: openresty/1.15.8.3
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2020 15:12:26 GMT
X-Kong-Upstream-Latency: 0
X-Kong-Proxy-Latency: 1
Via: kong/2.0.4

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Running 1m test @ http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency     1.15ms  405.87us  10.98ms   93.89%
    Req/Sec     7.15k     1.19k   14.10k    69.94%
  854936 requests in 1.00m, 3.39GB read
Requests/sec:  14225.26
Transfer/sec:     57.78MB
 15:13:26 up 39 min,  1 user,  load average: 1.96, 0.98, 0.57


#############################################
kong: 1 worker + 1 upstream + 2 plugins (limit-count + prometheus)
_format_version: "1.1"

services:
- name: example-service
  host: 127.0.0.1
  routes:
  - paths:
    - /hello
  plugins:
  - name: rate-limiting
    config:
      hour: 999999999999
      policy: local
  - name: prometheus
> nginx processes:
2267 nginx: master process /usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx -p /usr/local/kong -c nginx.conf
2276 nginx: worker process                                                 
> curling service:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Server: openresty/1.15.8.3
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2020 15:13:31 GMT
X-RateLimit-Limit-Hour: 999999999999
RateLimit-Limit: 999999999999
X-RateLimit-Remaining-Hour: 999999999998
RateLimit-Remaining: 999999999998
RateLimit-Reset: 2789
X-Kong-Upstream-Latency: 0
X-Kong-Proxy-Latency: 3
Via: kong/2.0.4

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Running 1m test @ http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency     8.05ms    1.81ms  27.75ms   93.76%
    Req/Sec     1.00k   141.86     1.13k    88.08%
  119578 requests in 1.00m, 504.96MB read
Requests/sec:   1992.20
Transfer/sec:      8.41MB
 15:14:31 up 40 min,  2 users,  load average: 1.43, 1.00, 0.61


#############################################
> stopping benchmark server & kong
> left openresty processes:
> left wrk processes:

kong-run-2-worker.out

> worker_cnt=2
> applying configuration to /etc/kong/kong.conf


#############################################
> cleanup things just in case
> cleanup any wrk process: 
> cleanup any openresty process: 
> cleanup any nginx process: 
> ensure a clone of incubator-apisix is available


#############################################
> starting benchmark server
> adjusting server workers to 4
> openresty processes:
2339 nginx: master process /usr/local/openresty/bin/openresty -p /home/centos/incubator-apisix/benchmark/server
2340 nginx: worker process                                                               
2341 nginx: worker process                                                               
2342 nginx: worker process                                                               
2343 nginx: worker process                                                               
> curling server:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: openresty/1.15.8.3
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2020 15:14:34 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive

1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890> running performance tests:
Running 1m test @ http://127.0.0.1:80/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    84.86us   49.21us   8.41ms   91.63%
    Req/Sec    69.74k     6.01k   84.83k    65.97%
  8339220 requests in 1.00m, 32.42GB read
Requests/sec: 138755.04
Transfer/sec:    552.33MB
 15:15:34 up 41 min,  2 users,  load average: 3.50, 1.65, 0.85


#############################################
kong: 2 worker + 1 upstream + no plugin
_format_version: "1.1"

services:
- name: example-service
  host: 127.0.0.1
  routes:
  - paths:
    - /hello
> nginx processes:
2386 nginx: master process /usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx -p /usr/local/kong -c nginx.conf
2396 nginx: worker process                                                 
2397 nginx: worker process                                                 
> curling service:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Server: openresty/1.15.8.3
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2020 15:15:39 GMT
X-Kong-Upstream-Latency: 0
X-Kong-Proxy-Latency: 1
Via: kong/2.0.4

1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890> running performance tests:
Running 1m test @ http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   648.25us  462.78us   9.90ms   79.43%
    Req/Sec    13.15k     2.61k   20.57k    69.75%
  1569932 requests in 1.00m, 6.23GB read
Requests/sec:  26165.35
Transfer/sec:    106.27MB
 15:16:39 up 42 min,  2 users,  load average: 3.03, 1.84, 0.97


#############################################
kong: 2 worker + 1 upstream + 2 plugins (limit-count + prometheus)
_format_version: "1.1"

services:
- name: example-service
  host: 127.0.0.1
  routes:
  - paths:
    - /hello
  plugins:
  - name: rate-limiting
    config:
      hour: 999999999999
      policy: local
  - name: prometheus
> nginx processes:
2444 nginx: master process /usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx -p /usr/local/kong -c nginx.conf
2453 nginx: worker process                                                 
2454 nginx: worker process                                                 
> curling service:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Server: openresty/1.15.8.3
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2020 15:16:43 GMT
X-RateLimit-Limit-Hour: 999999999999
RateLimit-Limit: 999999999999
X-RateLimit-Remaining-Hour: 999999999998
RateLimit-Remaining: 999999999998
RateLimit-Reset: 2597
X-Kong-Upstream-Latency: 0
X-Kong-Proxy-Latency: 1
Via: kong/2.0.4

1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890> running performance tests:
Running 1m test @ http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency     4.75ms    2.85ms  26.57ms   68.83%
    Req/Sec     1.73k   485.52     2.84k    65.00%
  207064 requests in 1.00m, 0.85GB read
Requests/sec:   3450.30
Transfer/sec:     14.57MB
 15:17:43 up 43 min,  2 users,  load average: 2.18, 1.82, 1.02


#############################################
> stopping benchmark server & kong
> left openresty processes:
> left wrk processes:

kong-run-4-worker.out

> worker_cnt=4
> applying configuration to /etc/kong/kong.conf


#############################################
> cleanup things just in case
> cleanup any wrk process: 
> cleanup any openresty process: 
> cleanup any nginx process: 
> ensure a clone of incubator-apisix is available


#############################################
> starting benchmark server
> adjusting server workers to 4
> openresty processes:
2496 nginx: master process /usr/local/openresty/bin/openresty -p /home/centos/incubator-apisix/benchmark/server
2497 nginx: worker process                                                               
2498 nginx: worker process                                                               
2499 nginx: worker process                                                               
2500 nginx: worker process                                                               
> curling server:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: openresty/1.15.8.3
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2020 15:17:46 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive

1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890> running performance tests:
Running 1m test @ http://127.0.0.1:80/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    81.63us   34.61us   2.46ms   69.62%
    Req/Sec    72.40k     6.37k   85.67k    64.75%
  8645846 requests in 1.00m, 33.61GB read
Requests/sec: 144095.81
Transfer/sec:    573.59MB
 15:18:46 up 44 min,  2 users,  load average: 4.21, 2.48, 1.30


#############################################
kong: 4 worker + 1 upstream + no plugin
_format_version: "1.1"

services:
- name: example-service
  host: 127.0.0.1
  routes:
  - paths:
    - /hello
> nginx processes:
2542 nginx: master process /usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx -p /usr/local/kong -c nginx.conf
2552 nginx: worker process                                                 
2553 nginx: worker process                                                 
2554 nginx: worker process                                                 
2555 nginx: worker process                                                 
> curling service:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Server: openresty/1.15.8.3
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2020 15:18:51 GMT
X-Kong-Upstream-Latency: 1
X-Kong-Proxy-Latency: 0
Via: kong/2.0.4

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Running 1m test @ http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   400.60us  358.62us  11.00ms   90.56%
    Req/Sec    22.36k     4.06k   32.62k    69.75%
  2669115 requests in 1.00m, 10.59GB read
Requests/sec:  44483.59
Transfer/sec:    180.68MB
 15:19:51 up 45 min,  2 users,  load average: 5.08, 3.03, 1.57


#############################################
kong: 4 worker + 1 upstream + 2 plugins (limit-count + prometheus)
_format_version: "1.1"

services:
- name: example-service
  host: 127.0.0.1
  routes:
  - paths:
    - /hello
  plugins:
  - name: rate-limiting
    config:
      hour: 999999999999
      policy: local
  - name: prometheus
> nginx processes:
2604 nginx: master process /usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx -p /usr/local/kong -c nginx.conf
2613 nginx: worker process                                                 
2614 nginx: worker process                                                 
2615 nginx: worker process                                                 
2616 nginx: worker process                                                 
> curling service:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Server: openresty/1.15.8.3
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2020 15:19:55 GMT
X-RateLimit-Limit-Hour: 999999999999
RateLimit-Limit: 999999999999
X-RateLimit-Remaining-Hour: 999999999998
RateLimit-Remaining: 999999999998
RateLimit-Reset: 2405
X-Kong-Upstream-Latency: 1
X-Kong-Proxy-Latency: 2
Via: kong/2.0.4

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Running 1m test @ http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency     2.65ms    1.79ms  20.89ms   74.32%
    Req/Sec     3.19k   786.40     5.93k    68.11%
  381803 requests in 1.00m, 1.57GB read
Requests/sec:   6352.66
Transfer/sec:     26.83MB
 15:20:55 up 46 min,  2 users,  load average: 4.41, 3.20, 1.72


#############################################
> stopping benchmark server & kong
> left openresty processes:
> left wrk processes:

@cboitel
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cboitel commented Jun 24, 2020

Will post tomorrow similar thing for APISIX 1.3.0 installed with RPM as well (will adapt my scripts/...).

Hope it helps.

@membphis
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Author

Here is my result:

platform: aliyun cloud, 8 vCPU 32 GiB ecs.hfg5.2xlarge
apisix version: apache/apisix@492fa71

# 1 worker

apisix: 1 worker + 1 upstream + no plugin
+ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
{
    "uri": "/hello",
    "plugins": {
    },
    "upstream": {
        "type": "roundrobin",
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:80": 1
        }
    }
}'
{"node":{"value":{"priority":0,"plugins":{},"upstream":{"nodes":{"127.0.0.1:80":1},"hash_on":"vars","type":"roundrobin"},"id":"1","uri":"\/hello"},"createdIndex":6,"key":"\/apisix\/routes\/1","modifiedIndex":6},"prevNode":{"value":"{\"priority\":0,\"plugins\":{\"limit-count\":{\"time_window\":60,\"count\":2000000000000,\"rejected_code\":503,\"key\":\"remote_addr\",\"policy\":\"local\"},\"prometheus\":{}},\"upstream\":{\"hash_on\":\"vars\",\"nodes\":{\"127.0.0.1:80\":1},\"type\":\"roundrobin\"},\"id\":\"1\",\"uri\":\"\\\/hello\"}","createdIndex":5,"key":"\/apisix\/routes\/1","modifiedIndex":5},"action":"set"}
+ sleep 1
+ wrk -d 5 -c 16 http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
Running 5s test @ http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   692.12us  117.12us   4.72ms   89.93%
    Req/Sec    11.60k   350.91    12.10k    85.29%
  117717 requests in 5.10s, 470.15MB read
Requests/sec:  23082.99
Transfer/sec:     92.19MB
+ sleep 1
+ wrk -d 5 -c 16 http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
Running 5s test @ http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   681.95us   96.32us   2.60ms   89.34%
    Req/Sec    11.76k   138.81    12.07k    73.53%
  119368 requests in 5.10s, 476.75MB read
Requests/sec:  23407.17
Transfer/sec:     93.49MB
+ sleep 1
+ echo -e '\n\napisix: 1 worker + 1 upstream + 2 plugins (limit-count + prometheus)'


apisix: 1 worker + 1 upstream + 2 plugins (limit-count + prometheus)
+ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
{
    "uri": "/hello",
    "plugins": {
        "limit-count": {
            "count": 2000000000000,
            "time_window": 60,
            "rejected_code": 503,
            "key": "remote_addr"
        },
        "prometheus": {}
    },
    "upstream": {
        "type": "roundrobin",
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:80": 1
        }
    }
}'
{"node":{"value":{"priority":0,"plugins":{"limit-count":{"time_window":60,"count":2000000000000,"rejected_code":503,"key":"remote_addr","policy":"local"},"prometheus":{}},"upstream":{"nodes":{"127.0.0.1:80":1},"hash_on":"vars","type":"roundrobin"},"id":"1","uri":"\/hello"},"createdIndex":7,"key":"\/apisix\/routes\/1","modifiedIndex":7},"prevNode":{"value":"{\"priority\":0,\"plugins\":{},\"upstream\":{\"hash_on\":\"vars\",\"nodes\":{\"127.0.0.1:80\":1},\"type\":\"roundrobin\"},\"id\":\"1\",\"uri\":\"\\\/hello\"}","createdIndex":6,"key":"\/apisix\/routes\/1","modifiedIndex":6},"action":"set"}
+ sleep 3
+ wrk -d 5 -c 16 http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
Running 5s test @ http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency     0.86ms  162.46us   7.24ms   88.76%
    Req/Sec     9.33k     1.17k   19.40k    93.07%
  93769 requests in 5.10s, 380.95MB read
Requests/sec:  18389.21
Transfer/sec:     74.71MB
+ sleep 1
+ wrk -d 5 -c 16 http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
Running 5s test @ http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   845.31us  144.46us   4.37ms   91.35%
    Req/Sec     9.50k   281.09     9.81k    90.20%
  96473 requests in 5.10s, 391.94MB read
Requests/sec:  18916.99
Transfer/sec:     76.85MB
+ sleep 1
+ make stop
/bin/openresty -p $PWD/ -c $PWD/conf/nginx.conf -s stop
+ echo -e '\n\nfake empty apisix server: 1 worker'


fake empty apisix server: 1 worker
+ sleep 1
+ sed -i 's/worker_processes [0-9]*/worker_processes 1/g' benchmark/fake-apisix/conf/nginx.conf
+ sudo openresty -p /home/wangys/incubator-apisix-master/benchmark/fake-apisix
+ sleep 1
+ wrk -d 5 -c 16 http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
Running 5s test @ http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   498.02us   57.61us   2.61ms   89.51%
    Req/Sec    16.09k   619.64    16.87k    85.29%
  163367 requests in 5.10s, 650.14MB read
Requests/sec:  32033.32
Transfer/sec:    127.48MB
+ sleep 1
+ wrk -d 5 -c 16 http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
Running 5s test @ http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   492.73us   57.29us   2.35ms   88.62%
    Req/Sec    16.26k   385.65    17.01k    87.25%
  165027 requests in 5.10s, 656.75MB read
Requests/sec:  32360.46
Transfer/sec:    128.78MB
+ sudo openresty -p /home/wangys/incubator-apisix-master/benchmark/fake-apisix -s stop
+ sudo openresty -p /home/wangys/incubator-apisix-master/benchmark/server -s stop
# 4 workers

apisix: 4 worker + 1 upstream + no plugin
+ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
{
    "uri": "/hello",
    "plugins": {
    },
    "upstream": {
        "type": "roundrobin",
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:80": 1
        }
    }
}'
{"node":{"value":{"priority":0,"plugins":{},"upstream":{"nodes":{"127.0.0.1:80":1},"hash_on":"vars","type":"roundrobin"},"id":"1","uri":"\/hello"},"createdIndex":8,"key":"\/apisix\/routes\/1","modifiedIndex":8},"prevNode":{"value":"{\"priority\":0,\"plugins\":{\"limit-count\":{\"time_window\":60,\"count\":2000000000000,\"rejected_code\":503,\"key\":\"remote_addr\",\"policy\":\"local\"},\"prometheus\":{}},\"upstream\":{\"hash_on\":\"vars\",\"nodes\":{\"127.0.0.1:80\":1},\"type\":\"roundrobin\"},\"id\":\"1\",\"uri\":\"\\\/hello\"}","createdIndex":7,"key":"\/apisix\/routes\/1","modifiedIndex":7},"action":"set"}
+ sleep 1
+ wrk -d 5 -c 16 http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
Running 5s test @ http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   286.87us  174.65us   3.00ms   72.00%
    Req/Sec    28.68k     2.94k   35.21k    67.65%
  290908 requests in 5.10s, 1.13GB read
Requests/sec:  57042.36
Transfer/sec:    227.82MB
+ sleep 1
+ wrk -d 5 -c 16 http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
Running 5s test @ http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   284.10us  177.81us   4.64ms   76.41%
    Req/Sec    28.94k     2.67k   33.68k    67.65%
  293746 requests in 5.10s, 1.15GB read
Requests/sec:  57598.31
Transfer/sec:    230.04MB
+ sleep 1
+ echo -e '\n\napisix: 4 worker + 1 upstream + 2 plugins (limit-count + prometheus)'


apisix: 4 worker + 1 upstream + 2 plugins (limit-count + prometheus)
+ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
{
    "uri": "/hello",
    "plugins": {
        "limit-count": {
            "count": 2000000000000,
            "time_window": 60,
            "rejected_code": 503,
            "key": "remote_addr"
        },
        "prometheus": {}
    },
    "upstream": {
        "type": "roundrobin",
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:80": 1
        }
    }
}'
{"node":{"value":{"priority":0,"plugins":{"limit-count":{"time_window":60,"count":2000000000000,"rejected_code":503,"key":"remote_addr","policy":"local"},"prometheus":{}},"upstream":{"nodes":{"127.0.0.1:80":1},"hash_on":"vars","type":"roundrobin"},"id":"1","uri":"\/hello"},"createdIndex":9,"key":"\/apisix\/routes\/1","modifiedIndex":9},"prevNode":{"value":"{\"priority\":0,\"plugins\":{},\"upstream\":{\"hash_on\":\"vars\",\"nodes\":{\"127.0.0.1:80\":1},\"type\":\"roundrobin\"},\"id\":\"1\",\"uri\":\"\\\/hello\"}","createdIndex":8,"key":"\/apisix\/routes\/1","modifiedIndex":8},"action":"set"}
+ sleep 3
+ wrk -d 5 -c 16 http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
Running 5s test @ http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   342.74us  220.15us   5.38ms   75.84%
    Req/Sec    24.15k     2.44k   28.39k    72.55%
  245033 requests in 5.10s, 0.97GB read
Requests/sec:  48046.94
Transfer/sec:    195.20MB
+ sleep 1
+ wrk -d 5 -c 16 http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
Running 5s test @ http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   352.29us  223.55us   3.37ms   70.11%
    Req/Sec    23.51k     2.47k   28.16k    69.61%
  238538 requests in 5.10s, 0.95GB read
Requests/sec:  46777.18
Transfer/sec:    190.04MB
+ sleep 1
+ make stop
/bin/openresty -p $PWD/ -c $PWD/conf/nginx.conf -s stop
+ echo -e '\n\nfake empty apisix server: 4 worker'


fake empty apisix server: 4 worker
+ sleep 1
+ sed -i 's/worker_processes [0-9]*/worker_processes 4/g' benchmark/fake-apisix/conf/nginx.conf
+ sudo openresty -p /home/wangys/incubator-apisix-master/benchmark/fake-apisix
+ sleep 1
+ wrk -d 5 -c 16 http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
Running 5s test @ http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   154.62us  104.55us   4.60ms   98.92%
    Req/Sec    51.77k     1.05k   53.74k    71.57%
  525323 requests in 5.10s, 2.04GB read
Requests/sec: 103004.49
Transfer/sec:    409.92MB
+ sleep 1
+ wrk -d 5 -c 16 http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
Running 5s test @ http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello
  2 threads and 16 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   152.16us   63.87us   3.56ms   93.89%
    Req/Sec    51.84k   795.29    53.94k    69.61%
  525822 requests in 5.10s, 2.04GB read
Requests/sec: 103113.01
Transfer/sec:    410.35MB
+ sudo openresty -p /home/wangys/incubator-apisix-master/benchmark/fake-apisix -s stop
+ sudo openresty -p /home/wangys/incubator-apisix-master/benchmark/server -s stop

@membphis
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@cboitel I think we can copy them to APISIX issue: https://github.com/apache/incubator-apisix/issues

Then I will submit a new PR about optimization.

@leeonfu
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leeonfu commented Mar 2, 2022

y

@Dhruv-Garg79
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@cboitel have you used any of these after your benchmarks? what is your recommendation for someone looking to adopt any of these?
I am interested in a simple nginx use case + auth for low latency and throughput up to 3000qps in the long run.

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