Skip to content

Instantly share code, notes, and snippets.

@moewew
Created August 22, 2020 06:19
Show Gist options
  • Star 1 You must be signed in to star a gist
  • Fork 0 You must be signed in to fork a gist
  • Save moewew/e3d3ed6ebc93b5e05d6394813f5ad3e5 to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
Save moewew/e3d3ed6ebc93b5e05d6394813f5ad3e5 to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
%%%% apalike-three.bst
%%%% 2020-08-22 MW
%%%% modified apalike style with up to three authors in citations
%%%% for https://tex.stackexchange.com/q/559571/35864
%%%% (additional modification for better natbib support)
%%%%
%%%% Original copyright header follows.
%%%%
% BibTeX `apalike' bibliography style (version 0.99a, 8-Dec-10), adapted from
% the `alpha' style, version 0.99a; for BibTeX version 0.99a.
%
% Copyright (C) 1988, 2010 Oren Patashnik.
% Unlimited copying and redistribution of this file are permitted as long as
% it is unmodified. Modifications (and redistribution of modified versions)
% are also permitted, but only if the resulting file is renamed.
%
% Differences between this style and `alpha' are generally heralded by a `%'.
% The file btxbst.doc has the documentation for alpha.bst.
%
% This style should be used with the `apalike' LaTeX style (apalike.sty).
% \cite's come out like "(Jones, 1986)" in the text but there are no labels
% in the bibliography, and something like "(1986)" comes out immediately
% after the author. Author (and editor) names appear as last name, comma,
% initials. A `year' field is required for every entry, and so is either
% an author (or in some cases, an editor) field or a key field.
%
% Editorial note:
% Many journals require a style like `apalike', but I strongly, strongly,
% strongly recommend that you not use it if you have a choice---use something
% like `plain' instead. Mary-Claire van Leunen (A Handbook for Scholars,
% Knopf, 1979) argues convincingly that a style like `plain' encourages better
% writing than one like `apalike'. Furthermore the strongest arguments for
% using an author-date style like `apalike'---that it's "the most practical"
% (The Chicago Manual of Style, University of Chicago Press, thirteenth
% edition, 1982, pages 400--401)---fall flat on their face with the new
% computer-typesetting technology. For instance page 401 anachronistically
% states "The chief disadvantage of [a style like `plain'] is that additions
% or deletions cannot be made after the manuscript is typed without changing
% numbers in both text references and list." LaTeX sidesteps the disadvantage.
%
% History:
% 15-sep-86 (OP) Original version by Oren Patashnik, ideas from Susan King.
% 10-nov-86 (OP) Truncated the sort.key$ string to the correct length
% in bib.sort.order to eliminate error message.
% 24-jan-88 (OP) Updated for BibTeX version 0.99a, from alpha.bst 0.99a;
% apalike now sorts by author, then year, then title;
% THIS `apalike' VERSION DOES NOT WORK WITH BIBTEX 0.98i.
% 8-dec-10 (OP) Still version 0.99a, as the code itself was unchanged;
% this release clarified the license.
ENTRY
{ address
author
booktitle
chapter
edition
editor
howpublished
institution
journal
key
% month not used in apalike
note
number
organization
pages
publisher
school
series
title
type
volume
year
}
{}
{ label extra.label sort.label }
INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
#1 'mid.sentence :=
#2 'after.sentence :=
#3 'after.block :=
}
STRINGS { s t }
FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
output.state mid.sentence =
{ ", " * write$ }
{ output.state after.block =
{ add.period$ write$
newline$
"\newblock " write$
}
{ output.state before.all =
'write$
{ add.period$ " " * write$ }
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}
FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'pop$
'output.nonnull
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
'output.nonnull
if$
}
% apalike needs this function because
% the year has special punctuation;
% apalike ignores the month
FUNCTION {output.year.check}
{ year empty$
{ "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ write$
" (" year * extra.label * ")" *
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
"\bibitem[" write$
label write$
"]{" write$
cite$ write$
"}" write$
newline$
""
before.all 'output.state :=
}
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
write$
newline$
}
FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.block 'output.state := }
if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
'skip$
{ output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.sentence 'output.state := }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {not}
{ { #0 }
{ #1 }
if$
}
FUNCTION {and}
{ 'skip$
{ pop$ #0 }
if$
}
FUNCTION {or}
{ { pop$ #1 }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
swap$ empty$
and
'skip$
'new.block
if$
}
FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
{ "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr :=
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$ 't := % last name first
nameptr #1 >
{ namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t * }
{ numnames #2 >
{ "," * }
'skip$
if$
t "others" =
{ " et~al." * }
{ " and " * t * }
if$
}
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
{ "" }
{ author format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.key} % this function is just for apalike
{ empty$
{ key field.or.null }
{ "" }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
{ "" }
{ editor format.names
editor num.names$ #1 >
{ ", editors" * }
{ ", editor" * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
{ "" }
{ title "t" change.case$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
""
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
{ t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
{ "--" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
{ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
{ "-" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
while$
}
if$
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
if$
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title emphasize
}
FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
{ "~" }
{ " " }
if$
swap$ * *
}
FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
'pop$
{ "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
{ "" }
{ "volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
series empty$
'skip$
{ " of " * series emphasize * }
if$
"volume and number" number either.or.check
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
{ number empty$
{ series field.or.null }
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ "number" }
{ "Number" }
if$
number tie.or.space.connect
series empty$
{ "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ " in " * series * }
if$
}
if$
}
{ "" }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
{ "" }
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ edition "l" change.case$ " edition" * }
{ edition "t" change.case$ " edition" * }
if$
}
if$
}
INTEGERS { multiresult }
FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
#0 'multiresult :=
{ multiresult not
t empty$ not
and
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "-" =
swap$ duplicate$ "," =
swap$ "+" =
or or
{ #1 'multiresult := }
{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
if$
}
while$
multiresult
}
FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
{ "" }
{ pages multi.page.check
{ "pages" pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
{ "page" pages tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{ volume field.or.null
number empty$
'skip$
{ "(" number * ")" * *
volume empty$
{ "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
pages empty$
'skip$
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ format.pages }
{ ":" * pages n.dashify * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
'format.pages
{ type empty$
{ "chapter" }
{ type "l" change.case$ }
if$
chapter tie.or.space.connect
pages empty$
'skip$
{ ", " * format.pages * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
{ "" }
{ editor empty$
{ "In " booktitle emphasize * }
{ "In " format.editors * ", " * booktitle emphasize * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
'skip$
{ pop$
type "t" change.case$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
{ "Technical Report" }
'type
if$
number empty$
{ "t" change.case$ }
{ number tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{ "In" % this is for apalike
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
{ "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
"In "
}
{ "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
" of " *
}
if$
"\cite{" * crossref * "}" * % this is for apalike
}
FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{ "In" % this is for apalike
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
crossref missing$
{ journal emphasize "journal" output.check
format.vol.num.pages output
}
{ format.article.crossref output.nonnull
format.pages output
}
if$
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check
editor format.key output
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
output.year.check % special for apalike
new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{ format.bvolume output
new.block
format.number.series output
new.sentence
publisher "publisher" output.check
address output
}
{ new.block
format.book.crossref output.nonnull
}
if$
format.edition output
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
howpublished output
address output
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check
editor format.key output
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
output.year.check % special for apalike
new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{ format.bvolume output
format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
new.block
format.number.series output
new.sentence
publisher "publisher" output.check
address output
}
{ format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
new.block
format.book.crossref output.nonnull
}
if$
format.edition output
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
crossref missing$
{ format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
format.chapter.pages output
new.sentence
publisher "publisher" output.check
address output
format.edition output
}
{ format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
format.chapter.pages output
}
if$
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
crossref missing$
{ format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
format.pages output
address output % for apalike
new.sentence % there's no year
organization output % here so things
publisher output % are simpler
}
{ format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
format.pages output
}
if$
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
organization address new.block.checkb
organization output
address output
format.edition output
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
"Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
school "school" output.check
address output
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.title output
new.block
howpublished output
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
new.block
"PhD thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
school "school" output.check
address output
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
format.editors output
editor format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
address output % for apalike
new.sentence % we always output
organization output % a nonempty organization
publisher output % here
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
format.tr.number output.nonnull
institution "institution" output.check
address output
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % special for
output.year.check % apalike
new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
note "note" output.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
MACRO {jan} {"January"}
MACRO {feb} {"February"}
MACRO {mar} {"March"}
MACRO {apr} {"April"}
MACRO {may} {"May"}
MACRO {jun} {"June"}
MACRO {jul} {"July"}
MACRO {aug} {"August"}
MACRO {sep} {"September"}
MACRO {oct} {"October"}
MACRO {nov} {"November"}
MACRO {dec} {"December"}
MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}
MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}
MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}
MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}
MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}
MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}
MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}
MACRO {ieeetcad}
{"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}
MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}
MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}
MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}
MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}
MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}
MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}
MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}
MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}
MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}
MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}
MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}
MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}
READ
FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
"l" change.case$
}
INTEGERS { len }
FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
'len :=
s #1 len substring$ =
{ s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
's
if$
}
% There are three apalike cases: one person (Jones),
% two (Jones and de~Bruijn), and more (Jones et~al.).
% This function is much like format.crossref.editors.
%
FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{ 's :=
s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
s num.names$ duplicate$ duplicate$
#3 >
{ pop$ pop$ " et~al." * }
{ #2 <
'pop$
{ #2 =
{ s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
{ " et~al." * }
{ " and " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
if$ }
{ ", " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ *
s #3 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
{ " et~al." * }
{ ", and " * s #3 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
if$}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key % apalike uses the whole key
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key % apalike uses the whole key
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names }
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key % apalike uses the whole key, no organization
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {calc.label}
{ type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.key.label
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.key.label % apalike ignores organization
'author.key.label % for labeling and sorting
if$
}
if$
"(" % these three lines are
* % for apalike, which
year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ % uses all four digits
*
")" *
'label :=
}
FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr :=
""
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ nameptr #1 >
{ " " * }
'skip$
if$ % apalike uses initials
s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}" format.name$ 't := % <= here
nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
{ "et al" * }
{ t sortify * }
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
"A " #2
"An " #3
"The " #4 t chop.word
chop.word
chop.word
sortify
#1 global.max$ substring$
}
FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.sort}
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
% apalike uses two sorting passes; the first one sets the
% labels so that the `a's, `b's, etc. can be computed;
% the second pass puts the references in "correct" order.
% The presort function is for the first pass. It computes
% label, sort.label, and title, and then concatenates.
FUNCTION {presort}
{ calc.label
label sortify
" "
*
type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.sort
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.sort
'author.sort
if$
}
if$
#1 entry.max$ substring$ % for
'sort.label := % apalike
sort.label % style
*
" "
*
title field.or.null
sort.format.title
*
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.key$ :=
}
ITERATE {presort}
SORT % by label, sort.label, title---for final label calculation
STRINGS { last.label next.extra } % apalike labels are only for the text;
INTEGERS { last.extra.num } % there are none in the bibliography
FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff} % and hence there is no `longest.label'
{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
"" 'next.extra :=
#0 'last.extra.num :=
}
FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.label label =
{ last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
}
{ "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
"" 'extra.label :=
label 'last.label :=
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ next.extra "b" =
{ "a" 'extra.label := }
'skip$
if$
label extra.label * 'label :=
extra.label 'next.extra :=
}
EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
ITERATE {forward.pass}
REVERSE {reverse.pass}
% Now that the label is right we sort for real,
% on sort.label then year then title. This is
% for the second sorting pass.
FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
{ sort.label
" "
*
year field.or.null sortify
*
" "
*
title field.or.null
sort.format.title
*
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.key$ :=
}
ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
SORT % by sort.label, year, title---giving final bibliography order
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$ % no \etalchar in apalike
'skip$
{ preamble$ write$ newline$ }
if$
"\begin{thebibliography}{}" write$ newline$ % no labels in apalike
}
EXECUTE {begin.bib}
EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
ITERATE {call.type$}
FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
"\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {end.bib}
@jmshapir
Copy link

@moewew I'd like to adopt your solution but also need to extend the year beyond 4 characters, so that it correctly compiles cases like Smith (forthcoming).

I tried modifying the 4 to a 20 in this line but hit some side effects. Do you have an alternative suggestion?

Thank you for making this patch available!

@moewew
Copy link
Author

moewew commented Nov 22, 2023

@jmshapir Sorry, I don't have time right now to look into this. How about you ask about this on your favourite LaTeX forum? (If you do that, include a small example document of what you're trying to compile. If you have already changed stuff and it did not work for you, explain how exactly it did not work for you. That really helps those trying to help you find answers more quickly.)

@jmshapir
Copy link

@moewew thank you! I appreciate the time you took to reply and will do as you say if I am not able to find a solution on my end.

Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment