gm3197

Reverse Engineered VAS Protocol Specification

Research by Grayson Martin
Last Updated 7/8/23

Introduction

Value Added Services (VAS) is the protocol used by NFC capable passes in Apple Wallet. Access to this protocol is heavily restricted on both the device end (a special certificate issued by Apple is required to create these passes) and the reader end (NDA enforced confidentiality). As such, a desire arose to better understand the protocol in order to explore additional use cases and examine its cryptographic integrity. There are gaps in understanding in certain parts of this protocol, however this document contains the minimum necessary understanding to automatically select, read data from, and decrypt a pass.

Importantly, this specification does not enable a malicious actor to read the data from a pass for which they do not have both the reader's private key, and the pass type identifier. Imp

usr-ein

# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
# Keep this syntax directive! It's used to enable Docker BuildKit

# Based on https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry/discussions/1879?sort=top#discussioncomment-216865
# but I try to keep it updated (see history)

################################
# PYTHON-BASE
# Sets up all our shared environment variables
################################

moyix

Using Linear Algebra to Convert a Large Code Model

Background

The SalesForce CodeGen models are a family of large language models trained on a large amount of natural language data and then fine-tuned on specialized datasets of code. Models of size 350M, 2B, 6B, and 16B parameters are provided in three flavors:

• nl, the base model trained on The Pile, a large natural language dataset compiled by EleutherAI
• multi, which is fine-tuned from the nl model on a dataset of code in multiple languages, scraped from GitHub, and
• mono, which is fine-tuned from the multi model on Python code only.

nanmu42

Flink has a deadlock case and can be caused by the combination of Flink's backpressure mechanism with iterations (more likely when there is heavy feedback load).

There is a proposal to resolve this issue, but it seems to be abondoned.

The walkaround, suggested by Gábor Hermann, is to throttle messages into the iteration.

Here is my implementation.

xykong

#!/usr/bin/env bash

readonly SCRIPT=$(basename "$0")
readonly VERSION='1.0.0'
readonly AUTHOR='xy.kong@gmail.com'
readonly SOURCE='https://gist.github.com/xykong/6efdb1ed57535d18cb63aa8e20da3f4b'

# For script running robust
set -o nounset  # to exit when your script tries to use undeclared variables
set -o errexit  # to make your script exit when a command fails

phlinhng

Notes

1. If your local network use public IP ranges instead of private ones, make sure to add respecive RETURN rules to iptables to prevent looping issue
2. Set clash as DHCP's only DNS server to allow domain-based filter (shunting) rules work
3. Use lsof -i udp:53 to check if clash's DNS module work fine, otherwise you may have to kill systemd-resolved and any other processes occupying the UDP 53 port
4. The given scripts will NOT hangle the traffic of gateway itself since it is not recommend to do so. If you want to redirect the egress traffic of the gateway, the following material may be useful

Reference

• https://www.wogong.net/blog/2020/11/clash-transparent-proxy
• https://github.com/Dreamacro/clash/pull/1049
• https://xtls.github.io/documents/level-2/transparent_proxy/transparent_proxy/

nanmu42

package main

import (
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"net/http"
)

var (

sleeyax

Type C	Call method	Go type	Bytes (byte)	Numerical range
char	C.char	byte	1	-128~127
signed char	C.schar	int8	1	-128~127
unsigned char	C.uchar	uint8	1	0~255
short int	C.short	int16	2	-32768~32767
short unsigned int	C.ushort	uint16	2	0~65535
int	C.int	int	4	-2147483648~2147483647
unsigned int	C.uint	uint32	4	0~4294967295
long int	C.long	int32 or int64	4	-2147483648~2147483647

madkoding

#!/bin/bash

echo "Starting Docker installation on Deepin Linux..."

# Define a mapping from Deepin version to Debian version
map_deepin_to_debian() {
    if [ "$1" -lt 20 ]; then
        echo "stretch"
    elif [ "$1" -ge 20 ]; then
        echo "buster"

nanmu42

func openBrowser(url string) {
	var err error

	switch runtime.GOOS {
	case "linux":
		err = exec.Command("xdg-open", url).Start()
	case "windows":
		err = exec.Command("rundll32", "url.dll,FileProtocolHandler", url).Start()
	case "darwin":
		err = exec.Command("open", url).Start()