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Automating Installation of WordPress with NGINX Unit on Ubuntu
#!/usr/bin/env bash
if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ];then
>&2 echo "This script requires root level access to run"
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "${WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD}" ]; then
>&2 echo "WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD must be set"
>&2 echo "Here is a random one that you can paste:"
>&2 echo "export WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=\"$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1)\""
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_USER}" ]; then
>&2 echo "WORDPRESS_ADMIN_USER must be set"
>&2 echo "Here is a sensible default that you can paste:"
>&2 echo "export WORDPRESS_ADMIN_USER=\"moderator\""
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_PASSWORD}" ]; then
>&2 echo "WORDPRESS_ADMIN_PASSWORD must be set"
>&2 echo "Here is a random one that you can paste:"
>&2 echo "export WORDPRESS_ADMIN_PASSWORD=\"$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1)\""
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_EMAIL}" ]; then
>&2 echo "WORDPRESS_ADMIN_EMAIL must be set"
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "${WORDPRESS_URL}" ]; then
>&2 echo "WORDPRESS_URL must be set"
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "${WORDPRESS_SITE_TITLE}" ]; then
>&2 echo "WORDPRESS_SITE_TITLE must be set"
exit 1
fi
# Best practice settings for running bash scripts:
# Exit the script when an error is encountered
set -o errexit
# Exit the script when a pipe operation fails
set -o pipefail
# Exit the script when there are undeclared variables
set -o nounset
# Uncomment this to see a log to the screen of each command run in the script
# set -o xtrace
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND="noninteractive"
export WORDPRESS_CLI_VERSION="2.4.0"
export WORDPRESS_CLI_MD5="dedd5a662b80cda66e9e25d44c23b25c"
export UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE="16M"
export TLS_HOSTNAME="$(echo ${WORDPRESS_URL} | cut -d'/' -f3)"
export NGINX_CONF_DIR="/etc/nginx"
export CERT_DIR="/etc/letsencrypt/live/${TLS_HOSTNAME}"
# Change the hostname to be the same as the WordPress hostname
if [ ! "$(hostname)" == "${TLS_HOSTNAME}" ]; then
echo "▶ Changing hostname to ${TLS_HOSTNAME}"
hostnamectl set-hostname "${TLS_HOSTNAME}"
fi
# Add the hostname to /etc/hosts
if [ "$(grep -m1 "${TLS_HOSTNAME}" /etc/hosts)" = "" ]; then
echo "▶ Adding hostname ${TLS_HOSTNAME} to /etc/hosts so that WordPress can ping itself"
printf "::1 %s\n127.0.0.1 %s\n" "${TLS_HOSTNAME}" "${TLS_HOSTNAME}" >> /etc/hosts
fi
# Make sure tools needed for install are present
echo "▶ Installing prerequisite tools"
apt-get -qq update
apt-get -qq install -y \
bc \
ca-certificates \
coreutils \
curl \
gnupg2 \
lsb-release
# Install the NGINX Unit repository
if [ ! -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/unit.list ]; then
echo "▶ Installing NGINX Unit repository"
curl -fsSL https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | apt-key add -
echo "deb https://packages.nginx.org/unit/ubuntu/ $(lsb_release -cs) unit" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/unit.list
fi
# Install the NGINX repository
if [ ! -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list ]; then
echo "▶ Installing NGINX repository"
curl -fsSL https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | apt-key add -
echo "deb https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) nginx" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
fi
echo "▶ Updating repository metadata"
apt-get -qq update
# WordPress module recommendation: https://make.wordpress.org/hosting/handbook/handbook/server-environment/#php-extensions
# Ubuntu bundles the following PHP extensions with its package distribution:
# date filter hash libxml openssl pcntl pcre Reflection session sodium SPL
# standard zlib
# The php-common package contains the following extensions: exif
# Install PHP with dependencies and NGINX Unit
echo "▶ Installing PHP, NGINX Unit, NGINX, Certbot, and MariaDB"
apt-get -qq install -y --no-install-recommends \
certbot \
python3-certbot-nginx \
php-cli \
php-common \
php-bcmath \
php-curl \
php-gd \
php-imagick \
php-mbstring \
php-mysql \
php-opcache \
php-xml \
php-zip \
ghostscript \
nginx \
unit \
unit-php \
mariadb-server
# Find the major and minor PHP version so that we can write to its conf.d directory
PHP_MAJOR_MINOR_VERSION="$(php -v | head -n1 | cut -d' ' -f2 | cut -d'.' -f1,2)"
if [ ! -f "/etc/php/${PHP_MAJOR_MINOR_VERSION}/embed/conf.d/30-wordpress-overrides.ini" ]; then
echo "▶ Configuring PHP for use with NGINX Unit and WordPress"
# Add PHP configuration overrides
cat > "/etc/php/${PHP_MAJOR_MINOR_VERSION}/embed/conf.d/30-wordpress-overrides.ini" << EOM
; Set a larger maximum upload size so that WordPress can handle
; bigger media files.
upload_max_filesize=${UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE}
post_max_size=${UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE}
; Write error log to STDERR so that error messages show up in the NGINX Unit log
error_log=/dev/stderr
EOM
fi
# Restart NGINX Unit because we have reconfigured PHP
echo "▶ Restarting NGINX Unit"
service unit restart
# Set up the WordPress database
echo "▶ Configuring MariaDB for WordPress"
mysqladmin create wordpress || echo "Ignoring above error because database may already exist"
mysql -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO \"wordpress\"@\"localhost\" IDENTIFIED BY \"$WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD\"; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"
if [ ! -f /usr/local/bin/wp ]; then
# Install the WordPress CLI
echo "▶ Installing the WordPress CLI tool"
curl --retry 6 -Ls "https://github.com/wp-cli/wp-cli/releases/download/v${WORDPRESS_CLI_VERSION}/wp-cli-${WORDPRESS_CLI_VERSION}.phar" > /usr/local/bin/wp
echo "$WORDPRESS_CLI_MD5 /usr/local/bin/wp" | md5sum -c -
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/wp
fi
if [ ! -d /var/www/wordpress ]; then
# Create WordPress directories
mkdir -p /var/www/wordpress
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www
# Download WordPress using the WordPress CLI
echo "▶ Installing WordPress"
su -s /bin/sh -c 'wp --path=/var/www/wordpress core download' www-data
WP_CONFIG_CREATE_CMD="wp --path=/var/www/wordpress config create --extra-php --dbname=wordpress --dbuser=wordpress --dbhost=\"localhost:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock\" --dbpass=\"${WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD}\""
# This snippet is injected into the wp-config.php file when it is created;
# it informs WordPress that we are behind a reverse proxy and as such
# allows it to generate links using HTTPS
cat > /tmp/wp_forwarded_for.php << 'EOM'
/* Turn HTTPS 'on' if HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO matches 'https' */
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO']) && strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'], 'https') !== false) {
$_SERVER['HTTPS'] = 'on';
}
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST'])) {
$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST'];
}
EOM
# Create WordPress configuration
su -s /bin/sh -p -c "cat /tmp/wp_forwarded_for.php | ${WP_CONFIG_CREATE_CMD}" www-data
rm /tmp/wp_forwarded_for.php
su -s /bin/sh -p -c "wp --path=/var/www/wordpress config set 'FORCE_SSL_ADMIN' 'true'" www-data
# Install WordPress
WP_SITE_INSTALL_CMD="wp --path=/var/www/wordpress core install --url=\"${WORDPRESS_URL}\" --title=\"${WORDPRESS_SITE_TITLE}\" --admin_user=\"${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_USER}\" --admin_password=\"${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_PASSWORD}\" --admin_email=\"${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_EMAIL}\" --skip-email"
su -s /bin/sh -p -c "${WP_SITE_INSTALL_CMD}" www-data
# Set permalink structure to a sensible default that isn't in the UI
su -s /bin/sh -p -c "wp --path=/var/www/wordpress option update permalink_structure '/%year%/%monthnum%/%postname%/'" www-data
# Remove sample file because it is cruft and could be a security problem
rm /var/www/wordpress/wp-config-sample.php
# Ensure that WordPress permissions are correct
find /var/www/wordpress -type d -exec chmod g+s {} \;
chmod g+w /var/www/wordpress/wp-content
chmod -R g+w /var/www/wordpress/wp-content/themes
chmod -R g+w /var/www/wordpress/wp-content/plugins
fi
if [ "${container:-unknown}" != "lxc" ] && [ "$(grep -m1 -a container=lxc /proc/1/environ | tr -d '\0')" == "" ]; then
NAMESPACES='"namespaces": {
"cgroup": true,
"credential": true,
"mount": true,
"network": false,
"pid": true,
"uname": true
}'
else
NAMESPACES='"namespaces": {}'
fi
PHP_MEM_LIMIT="$(grep 'memory_limit' /etc/php/${PHP_MAJOR_MINOR_VERSION}/embed/php.ini | tr -d ' ' | cut -f2 -d= | numfmt --from=iec)"
AVAIL_MEM="$(grep MemAvailable /proc/meminfo | tr -d ' kB' | cut -f2 -d: | numfmt --from-unit=K)"
MAX_PHP_PROCESSES="$(echo "${AVAIL_MEM}/${PHP_MEM_LIMIT}+5" | bc)"
echo "▶ Calculated the maximum number of PHP processes as ${MAX_PHP_PROCESSES}. You may want to tune this value due to variations in your configuration. It is not unusual to see values between 10-100 in production configurations."
echo "▶ Configuring NGINX Unit to use PHP and WordPress"
cat > /tmp/wordpress.json << EOM
{
"settings": {
"http": {
"header_read_timeout": 30,
"body_read_timeout": 30,
"send_timeout": 30,
"idle_timeout": 180,
"max_body_size": $(numfmt --from=iec ${UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE})
}
},
"listeners": {
"127.0.0.1:8080": {
"pass": "routes/wordpress"
}
},
"routes": {
"wordpress": [
{
"match": {
"uri": [
"*.php",
"*.php/*",
"/wp-admin/"
]
},
"action": {
"pass": "applications/wordpress/direct"
}
},
{
"action": {
"share": "/var/www/wordpress",
"fallback": {
"pass": "applications/wordpress/index"
}
}
}
]
},
"applications": {
"wordpress": {
"type": "php",
"user": "www-data",
"group": "www-data",
"processes": {
"max": ${MAX_PHP_PROCESSES},
"spare": 1
},
"isolation": {
${NAMESPACES}
},
"targets": {
"direct": {
"root": "/var/www/wordpress/"
},
"index": {
"root": "/var/www/wordpress/",
"script": "index.php"
}
}
}
}
}
EOM
curl -X PUT --data-binary @/tmp/wordpress.json --unix-socket /run/control.unit.sock http://localhost/config
# Make directory for NGINX cache
mkdir -p /var/cache/nginx/proxy
echo "▶ Configuring NGINX"
cat > ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/nginx.conf << EOM
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '\$remote_addr - \$remote_user [\$time_local] "\$request" '
'\$status \$body_bytes_sent "\$http_referer" '
'"\$http_user_agent" "\$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
client_max_body_size ${UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE};
keepalive_timeout 65;
# gzip settings
include ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/gzip_compression.conf;
# Cache settings
proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/proxy
levels=1:2
keys_zone=wp_cache:10m
max_size=10g
inactive=60m
use_temp_path=off;
include ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/conf.d/*.conf;
}
EOM
cat > ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/gzip_compression.conf << 'EOM'
# Credit: https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-nginx/
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Compression |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_gzip_module.html
# Enable gzip compression.
# Default: off
gzip on;
# Compression level (1-9).
# 5 is a perfect compromise between size and CPU usage, offering about 75%
# reduction for most ASCII files (almost identical to level 9).
# Default: 1
gzip_comp_level 6;
# Don't compress anything that's already small and unlikely to shrink much if at
# all (the default is 20 bytes, which is bad as that usually leads to larger
# files after gzipping).
# Default: 20
gzip_min_length 256;
# Compress data even for clients that are connecting to us via proxies,
# identified by the "Via" header (required for CloudFront).
# Default: off
gzip_proxied any;
# Tell proxies to cache both the gzipped and regular version of a resource
# whenever the client's Accept-Encoding capabilities header varies;
# Avoids the issue where a non-gzip capable client (which is extremely rare
# today) would display gibberish if their proxy gave them the gzipped version.
# Default: off
gzip_vary on;
# Compress all output labeled with one of the following MIME-types.
# `text/html` is always compressed by gzip module.
# Default: text/html
gzip_types
application/atom+xml
application/geo+json
application/javascript
application/x-javascript
application/json
application/ld+json
application/manifest+json
application/rdf+xml
application/rss+xml
application/vnd.ms-fontobject
application/wasm
application/x-web-app-manifest+json
application/xhtml+xml
application/xml
font/eot
font/otf
font/ttf
image/bmp
image/svg+xml
text/cache-manifest
text/calendar
text/css
text/javascript
text/markdown
text/plain
text/xml
text/vcard
text/vnd.rim.location.xloc
text/vtt
text/x-component
text/x-cross-domain-policy;
EOM
cat > ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/conf.d/default.conf << EOM
upstream unit_php_upstream {
server 127.0.0.1:8080;
keepalive 32;
}
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
# ACME-challenge used by Certbot for Let's Encrypt
location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
root /var/www/certbot;
}
location / {
return 301 https://${TLS_HOSTNAME}\$request_uri;
}
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name ${TLS_HOSTNAME};
root /var/www/wordpress/;
# Let's Encrypt configuration
ssl_certificate ${CERT_DIR}/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key ${CERT_DIR}/privkey.pem;
ssl_trusted_certificate ${CERT_DIR}/chain.pem;
include ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
ssl_dhparam ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/ssl-dhparams.pem;
# OCSP stapling
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
# Proxy caching
proxy_cache wp_cache;
proxy_cache_valid 200 302 1h;
proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;
proxy_cache_revalidate on;
proxy_cache_background_update on;
proxy_cache_lock on;
proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# Deny all attempts to access hidden files such as .htaccess, .htpasswd,
# .DS_Store (Mac)
# Keep logging the requests to parse later (or to pass to firewall utilities
# such as fail2ban)
location ~ /\. {
deny all;
}
# Deny access to any files with a .php extension in the uploads directory;
# works in subdirectory installs and also in multi-site network.
# Keep logging the requests to parse later (or to pass to firewall utilities
# such as fail2ban).
location ~* /(?:uploads|files)/.*\.php\$ {
deny all;
}
# WordPress: deny access to wp-content, wp-includes PHP files
location ~* ^/(?:wp-content|wp-includes)/.*\.php\$ {
deny all;
}
# Deny public access to wp-config.php
location ~* wp-config.php {
deny all;
}
# Do not log access for static assets, media
location ~* \.(?:css(\.map)?|js(\.map)?|jpe?g|png|gif|ico|cur|heic|webp|tiff?|mp3|m4a|aac|ogg|midi?|wav|mp4|mov|webm|mpe?g|avi|ogv|flv|wmv)$ {
access_log off;
}
location ~* \.(?:svgz?|ttf|ttc|otf|eot|woff2?)$ {
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*";
access_log off;
}
location / {
try_files \$uri @index_php;
}
location @index_php {
proxy_socket_keepalive on;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP \$remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For \$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto \$scheme;
proxy_set_header Host \$host;
proxy_pass http://unit_php_upstream;
}
location ~* \.php\$ {
proxy_socket_keepalive on;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP \$remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For \$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto \$scheme;
proxy_set_header Host \$host;
try_files \$uri =404;
proxy_pass http://unit_php_upstream;
}
}
EOM
echo "▶ Stopping NGINX in order to set up Let's Encrypt"
service nginx stop
mkdir -p /var/www/certbot
chown www-data:www-data /var/www/certbot
chmod g+s /var/www/certbot
if [ ! -f ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/options-ssl-nginx.conf ]; then
echo "▶ Downloading recommended TLS parameters"
curl --retry 6 -Ls -z "Tue, 14 Apr 2020 16:36:07 GMT" \
-o "${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/options-ssl-nginx.conf" \
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/certbot/certbot/master/certbot-nginx/certbot_nginx/_internal/tls_configs/options-ssl-nginx.conf" \
|| echo "Couldn't download latest options-ssl-nginx.conf"
fi
if [ ! -f ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/ssl-dhparams.pem ]; then
echo "▶ Downloading recommended TLS DH parameters"
curl --retry 6 -Ls -z "Tue, 14 Apr 2020 16:49:18 GMT" \
-o "${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/ssl-dhparams.pem" \
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/certbot/certbot/master/certbot/certbot/ssl-dhparams.pem" \
|| echo "Couldn't download latest ssl-dhparams.pem"
fi
# If tls_certs_init.sh hasn't been run before, remove the self-signed certs
if [ ! -d "/etc/letsencrypt/accounts" ]; then
echo "▶ Removing self-signed certificates"
rm -rf "${CERT_DIR}"
fi
if [ "" = "${LETS_ENCRYPT_STAGING:-}" ] || [ "0" = "${LETS_ENCRYPT_STAGING}" ]; then
CERTBOT_STAGING_FLAG=""
else
CERTBOT_STAGING_FLAG="--staging"
fi
if [ ! -f "${CERT_DIR}/fullchain.pem" ]; then
echo "▶ Generating certificates with Let's Encrypt"
certbot certonly --standalone \
-m "${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_EMAIL}" \
${CERTBOT_STAGING_FLAG} \
--agree-tos --force-renewal --non-interactive \
-d "${TLS_HOSTNAME}"
fi
echo "▶ Starting NGINX to use new configuration and enabling NGINX Unit service"
service nginx start
systemctl enable unit.service
# Periodic Let's Encrypt cert renewal
if [ ! -f "/etc/systemd/system/certbot-renewal.timer" ]; then
echo "▶ Adding systemd Certbot renewal service timer"
cat > /etc/systemd/system/certbot-renewal.timer << EOM
[Unit]
Description=Timer for Certbot Renewal
[Timer]
OnBootSec=300
OnUnitActiveSec=1w
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOM
fi
echo "▶ Enabling Let's Encrypt auto-renewal"
systemctl start certbot-renewal.timer
systemctl enable certbot-renewal.timer
@Deutschi
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I had some issues with this version of the script, but I was able to fix them:

1) Missing directory during install on Ubuntu 18.04

Line 226; replace /etc/php/7.4/embed/php.ini with /etc/php/${PHP_MAJOR_MINOR_VERSION}/embed/php.ini

2) On Ubuntu 20.04, nginx throws bad gateway error after you restart the server (connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream)

To prevent this, add the following after line 588 service nginx start

# Enable unit service
systemctl enable unit.service

@notadevop
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may be add a phpmyadmin to installation and include it in config ? protect it with generated password??? but anyway it very good script, it keeps me 2 or more hours everything i deploy in 2 minutes.

@nginx-gists
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Author

Thanks for the corrections, Deutschi. We have updated the script with them.

@martijnvandenboom
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1 of 2
When I get to configuring MariaDB there is the following error:

▶ Configuring MariaDB for WordPress
mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
error: 'Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)'
Check that mysqld is running and that the socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' exists!
Ignoring above error because database may already exist
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)

The troubleshooting commands gives following output:

$ mysqladmin proc
mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
error: 'Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)'
Check that mysqld is running and that the socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' exists!

$ sudo systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.3.25 database server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2020-12-18 23:15:42 UTC; 5min ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
Main PID: 5892 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Dec 18 23:15:41 35.184.170.64 systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB 10.3.25 database server...
Dec 18 23:15:41 35.184.170.64 mysqld[5892]: 2020-12-18 23:15:41 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.3.25-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) starting as process 5892 ...
Dec 18 23:15:41 35.184.170.64 mysqld[5892]: 2020-12-18 23:15:41 0 [Warning] Could not increase number of max_open_files to more than 16384 (request: 32183)
Dec 18 23:15:42 35.184.170.64 systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Dec 18 23:15:42 35.184.170.64 systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Dec 18 23:15:42 35.184.170.64 systemd[1]: Failed to start MariaDB 10.3.25 database server.

2 of 2
Tried on a clean machine as root and Nginx failed to start:
The error contained: PIDFile= references path below legacy directory /var/run/, updating /var/run/nmbd.pid → /run/nmbd.pid; please update the unit file accordingly.

@dekobon
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dekobon commented Dec 22, 2020

@martijnvandenboom I attempted to reproduce your issue but was unable. I'm been doing my testing on Azure, AWS and Digital Ocean using Ubuntu 18.04 and 20.04 instances. Can you provide some more information about the OS and Distro version being used?

@intentionally-left-nil
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intentionally-left-nil commented Feb 26, 2021

FYI this doesn't work if you have a complicated WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD. I'm not sure exactly which character was messing up the script (maybe ^ or $). My workaround was to remove these characters from the password.

Edit: Same thing is true for WORDPRESS_ADMIN_PASSWORD, it doesn't save correctly :(

@vituchito125
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hi, sorry I'm a newbie in this, it has to be installed mysql right?

@dekobon
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dekobon commented Oct 18, 2021

Hi @vituchito125 - this script installs MariaDB a MySQL compatible database, so you don't need to take an extra step to install it.

@sergerdn
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sergerdn commented Nov 12, 2021

Would you like to make some changes to avoid headache with remote addr? I asked you because some Wordpress plugins using $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] in their code instead of $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REAL_IP'] or something else. And this logic usually is not under control by end users.

"listeners": {
    "127.0.0.1:8080": {
      "pass": "routes/wordpress",
      "client_ip": {
        "header": "X-Real-IP",
        "source": [
          "127.0.0.1"
        ]
      }
    }
  }

@c0nsaw
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c0nsaw commented Apr 24, 2022

On Ubuntu 21.04

▶ Installing NGINX Unit repository
Warning: apt-key is deprecated. Manage keyring files in trusted.gpg.d instead (see apt-key(8)).
OK
▶ Installing NGINX repository
Warning: apt-key is deprecated. Manage keyring files in trusted.gpg.d instead (see apt-key(8)).
OK
▶ Updating repository metadata
E: The repository 'https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu jammy Release' does not have a Release file.
E: The repository 'https://packages.nginx.org/unit/ubuntu jammy Release' does not have a Release file.

@dekobon
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dekobon commented Apr 25, 2022

Hi @c0nsaw, currently the NGINX repository does not have packages for Ubuntu 22.04.

@Qussayyon
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On Ubuntu 21.04

arrow_forward Installing NGINX Unit repository Warning: apt-key is deprecated. Manage keyring files in trusted.gpg.d instead (see apt-key(8)). OK arrow_forward Installing NGINX repository Warning: apt-key is deprecated. Manage keyring files in trusted.gpg.d instead (see apt-key(8)). OK arrow_forward Updating repository metadata E: The repository 'https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu jammy Release' does not have a Release file. E: The repository 'https://packages.nginx.org/unit/ubuntu jammy Release' does not have a Release file.

Ubuntu 21.04 is not jammy.

@dekobon
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dekobon commented Apr 25, 2022

Can you please report the output of the command: lsb_release -cs?

@c0nsaw
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c0nsaw commented Apr 28, 2022

Hi @c0nsaw, currently the NGINX repository does not have packages for Ubuntu 22.04.

ah..., thank you sir :)

@khanhquocnguyen
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I got a redirect error when using this script.
The server tries to redirect to an empty URL: https:///

@EmilPi
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EmilPi commented Nov 9, 2022

After running this script with my domain name on my VPS server (properly redirected), I can access https://www.mydomain.com/wp-admin, but not https://www.mydomain.com/ . curl -v https://www.mydomain.lt returns:
* Trying x.x.x.x:443...
* Connected to www.mydomain.lt (x.x.x.x) port 443 (#0)
* ALPN, offering h2
* ALPN, offering http/1.1
* CAfile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
* CApath: /etc/ssl/certs
* TLSv1.0 (OUT), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Encrypted Extensions (8):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, CERT verify (15):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Change cipher spec (1):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* SSL connection using TLSv1.3 / TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
* ALPN, server accepted to use h2
* Server certificate:
* subject: CN=www.vesia.lt
* start date: Nov 9 18:36:06 2022 GMT
* expire date: Feb 7 18:36:05 2023 GMT
* subjectAltName: host "www.vesia.lt" matched cert's "www.vesia.lt"
* issuer: C=US; O=Let's Encrypt; CN=R3
* SSL certificate verify ok.
* Using HTTP2, server supports multiplexing
* Connection state changed (HTTP/2 confirmed)
* Copying HTTP/2 data in stream buffer to connection buffer after upgrade: len=0
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
* Using Stream ID: 1 (easy handle 0x56080311be80)
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
> GET / HTTP/2
> Host: www.vesia.lt
> user-agent: curl/7.81.0
> accept: */*
>
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Newsession Ticket (4):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Newsession Ticket (4):
* old SSL session ID is stale, removing
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
* Connection state changed (MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS == 128)!
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
< HTTP/2 301
< server: nginx/1.23.2
< date: Wed, 09 Nov 2022 21:39:33 GMT
< content-length: 0
< location: //
<
* Connection #0 to host www.mydomain.lt left intact

May it be that something is wrong with nginx config?

On the other VPS server and domain with the same OS (Ubuntu 20.04) this setup runs till the day without problem.
Both VPS servers has in their /var/log/nginx/error.log:
2022/11/09 22:39:14 [warn] 1778#1778: no resolver defined to resolve r3.o.lencr.org while requesting certificate status, responder: r3.o.lencr.org, certificate: "/etc/letsencrypt/live/www.mydomain.lt/fullchain.pem"

@nginx-gists
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Author

@wp-coin
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wp-coin commented May 29, 2024

I modified this code to work with Debian 12

# Install the NGINX Unit repository
if [ ! -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/unit.list ]; then
  echo "? Installing NGINX Unit repository"
  curl --output /usr/share/keyrings/nginx-keyring.gpg  https://unit.nginx.org/keys/nginx-keyring.gpg
  echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-keyring.gpg] https://packages.nginx.org/unit/debian/ bookworm unit \
          deb-src [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-keyring.gpg] https://packages.nginx.org/unit/debian/ bookworm unit" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/unit.list
fi

# Install the NGINX repository
if [ ! -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list ]; then
  echo "? Installing NGINX repository"
curl https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | gpg --dearmor \
    |  tee /usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
 echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg] \
http://nginx.org/packages/debian `lsb_release -cs` nginx" \
    |  tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
fi


everything seems to install fine except for the final step Enabling Let's Encrypt auto-renewal

certbot-renewal.timer: Refusing to start, unit certbot-renewal.service to trigger not loaded.
 Failed to start certbot-renewal.timer - Timer for Certbot Renewal.

░░ Subject: A start job for unit certbot-renewal.timer has failed
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░░ Support: https://www.debian.org/support
░░
░░ A start job for unit certbot-renewal.timer has finished with a failure.
░░
░░ The job identifier is 618 and the job result is failed.

Also, my domain that I used in WORDPRESS_URL triggers a 502 Bad Gateway status

should I be doing anything in nginx to get this fixed?

error log

2024/05/29 07:56:42 [error] 548#548: *13 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: 192.87.274.38, server: something.org, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://127.0.0.1:8080/", host: "something.org"

@wp-coin
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wp-coin commented May 29, 2024

port 8080 is not open anywhere, should that port be listening?

lsof -nP -iTCP -sTCP:LISTEN
COMMAND   PID  USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd      582  root    3u  IPv4   2461      0t0  TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd      582  root    4u  IPv6   2472      0t0  TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
mariadbd  583 mysql   22u  IPv4   2486      0t0  TCP 127.0.0.1:3306 (LISTEN)
nginx     815  root    6u  IPv4  18377      0t0  TCP *:80 (LISTEN)
nginx     815  root    7u  IPv6  18378      0t0  TCP *:80 (LISTEN)
nginx     815  root    8u  IPv4  18379      0t0  TCP *:443 (LISTEN)
nginx     815  root    9u  IPv6  18380      0t0  TCP *:443 (LISTEN)
nginx     816 nginx    6u  IPv4  18377      0t0  TCP *:80 (LISTEN)
nginx     816 nginx    7u  IPv6  18378      0t0  TCP *:80 (LISTEN)
nginx     816 nginx    8u  IPv4  18379      0t0  TCP *:443 (LISTEN)
nginx     816 nginx    9u  IPv6  18380      0t0  TCP *:443 (LISTEN)
nginx     817 nginx    6u  IPv4  18377      0t0  TCP *:80 (LISTEN)
nginx     817 nginx    7u  IPv6  18378      0t0  TCP *:80 (LISTEN)
nginx     817 nginx    8u  IPv4  18379      0t0  TCP *:443 (LISTEN)
nginx     817 nginx    9u  IPv6  18380      0t0  TCP *:443 (LISTEN)
nginx     818 nginx    6u  IPv4  18377      0t0  TCP *:80 (LISTEN)
nginx     818 nginx    7u  IPv6  18378      0t0  TCP *:80 (LISTEN)
nginx     818 nginx    8u  IPv4  18379      0t0  TCP *:443 (LISTEN)
nginx     818 nginx    9u  IPv6  18380      0t0  TCP *:443 (LISTEN)
nginx     819 nginx    6u  IPv4  18377      0t0  TCP *:80 (LISTEN)
nginx     819 nginx    7u  IPv6  18378      0t0  TCP *:80 (LISTEN)
nginx     819 nginx    8u  IPv4  18379      0t0  TCP *:443 (LISTEN)
nginx     819 nginx    9u  IPv6  18380      0t0  TCP *:443 (LISTEN)
nginx     820 nginx    6u  IPv4  18377      0t0  TCP *:80 (LISTEN)
nginx     820 nginx    7u  IPv6  18378      0t0  TCP *:80 (LISTEN)
nginx     820 nginx    8u  IPv4  18379      0t0  TCP *:443 (LISTEN)
nginx     820 nginx    9u  IPv6  18380      0t0  TCP *:443 (LISTEN)
nginx     821 nginx    6u  IPv4  18377      0t0  TCP *:80 (LISTEN)
nginx     821 nginx    7u  IPv6  18378      0t0  TCP *:80 (LISTEN)
nginx     821 nginx    8u  IPv4  18379      0t0  TCP *:443 (LISTEN)
nginx     821 nginx    9u  IPv6  18380      0t0  TCP *:443 (LISTEN)
unitd    1064  unit   14u  IPv4  22156      0t0  TCP *:8300 (LISTEN)

@andrey-zelenkov
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port 8080 is not open anywhere, should that port be listening?

Yes. If you are running Unit having following conf:

...
"listeners": {
    "127.0.0.1:8080": {
      "pass": "routes/wordpress"
    }
 }
...

then port 8080 should be listening:

% lsof -nP -iTCP -sTCP:LISTEN
COMMAND    PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
unitd   257625  xim   31u  IPv4 959979      0t0  TCP *:8080 (LISTEN)

@wp-coin
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wp-coin commented May 29, 2024

I had to run the unit configurations again (curl -X PUT --data-binary @wordpress.json --unix-socket /var/run/control.unit.sock http://localhost/config)

now I'm getting a new error ERR_INVALID_REDIRECT

curl -I https://something.org/
HTTP/2 301
server: nginx/1.26.0
date: Wed, 29 May 2024 17:33:58 GMT
content-length: 0
location: //

@wp-coin
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wp-coin commented May 29, 2024

the /wp-login.php works,
but I was hit with a (413 Content Too Large) error when trying to login,
I removed "max_body_size" from wordpress.json and "client_max_body_size " from nginx.conf

still not able to load the front page, must be some nginx misconfiguration in default.conf

visiting a blog post I am getting the error x-unknown-content-type ns_error_redirect_loop

@wp-coin
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wp-coin commented May 31, 2024

nginx: [emerg] "upstream" directive is not allowed here in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:1

@javorszky
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@wp-coin the article is 4 years old now. What is the end goal you want to achieve? My thinking is there might be an easier way to get there than debug a script that uses and assumes the state of things as of 2020

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