RGB MIDI controller example for Pimoroni RGB Keypad for Raspberry Pi Pico

code.py

import time
import board
import busio
import usb_midi

import adafruit_midi
from adafruit_midi.note_off import NoteOff
from adafruit_midi.note_on import NoteOn
from adafruit_bus_device.i2c_device import I2CDevice
import adafruit_dotstar

from digitalio import DigitalInOut, Direction, Pull


# RGB MIDI controller example for Pimoroni RGB Keypad for Raspberry Pi Pico

# Prerequisites
#
# Requires Adafruit CircuitPython: https://learn.adafruit.com/getting-started-with-raspberry-pi-pico-circuitpython
#
# Also requires the following CircuitPython libs: adafruit_midi, adafruit_bus_device, adafruit_dotstar
# (drop them into the lib folder)
#
# Save this code in code.py on your Raspberry Pi Pico CIRCUITPY drive


# Pull CS pin low to enable level shifter
cs = DigitalInOut(board.GP17)
cs.direction = Direction.OUTPUT
cs.value = 0

# Set up APA102 pixels
num_pixels = 16
pixels = adafruit_dotstar.DotStar(board.GP18, board.GP19, num_pixels, brightness=0.1, auto_write=True)

# Set up I2C for IO expander (addr: 0x20)
i2c = busio.I2C(board.GP5, board.GP4)
device = I2CDevice(i2c, 0x20)

# Set USB MIDI up on channel 0
midi = adafruit_midi.MIDI(midi_out=usb_midi.ports[1], out_channel=0)

# Function to map 0-255 to position on colour wheel
def colourwheel(pos):
    if pos < 0 or pos > 255:
        return (0, 0, 0)
    if pos < 85:
        return (255 - pos * 3, pos * 3, 0)
    if pos < 170:
        pos -= 85
        return (0, 255 - pos * 3, pos * 3)
    pos -= 170
    return (pos * 3, 0, 255 - pos * 3)

# List to store the button states
held = [0] * 16

# Keep reading button states, setting pixels, sending notes
while True:
    with device:
        # Read from IO expander, 2 bytes (8 bits) correspond to the 16 buttons
        device.write(bytes([0x0]))
        result = bytearray(2)
        device.readinto(result)
        b = result[0] | result[1] << 8

        # Loop through the buttons
        for i in range(16):
            if not (1 << i) & b:  # Pressed state
                pixels[i] = colourwheel(i * 16)  # Map pixel index to 0-255 range
                if not held[i]:
                    midi.send(NoteOn(36 + i, 100))  # If not already held, then send note
                held[i] = 1
            else:  # Released state
                pixels[i] = (0, 0, 0)  # Turn pixel off
                midi.send(NoteOff(32 + i, 0))  # If not held, send note off
                held[i] = 0  # Set held state to off

If you want to use it with Ableton, u need to map the buttons for mirrored movement.

Use the next line before reading the button states:
button_map = [12, 13, 14, 15, 8, 9, 10, 11, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 3]

then change

midi.send(NoteOn(36 + i, 100)) and midi.send(NoteOff(36 + i, 0))

to

midi.send(NoteOn(36 + button_map[i], 100)) and midi.send(NoteOff(36 + button_map[i], 0))

I'm trying to run this code and looking at my midi monitor the board is streaming midi note off events continuously. . Is this normal? Seems like the midi monitor is stuck on in Ableton. My normal midi controllers dont appear to be streaming not off events when looking at them via a midi monitor. Is this just a limitation with an implementation or am I doing something wrong?

Also, in the posted code, shouldn't
midi.send(NoteOff(32 + i, 0)) # If not held, send note off
Be set to 36 as well? Change the code so both are 36 and seems to be acting better. Note offs still streaming but now held notes appear to work.

@joeynuggetz You’re quite correct about the note numbers, I think, although I don’t have mine to hand right now to test it out.

As to why it’s sending notes constantly, could one of the buttons be pushed down, and hence stuck on, by the retaining plate? Can you remove that plate (if it’s fitted) and try again?

@joeynuggetz You’re quite correct about the note numbers, I think, although I don’t have mine to hand right now to test it out.

As to why it’s sending notes constantly, could one of the buttons be pushed down, and hence stuck on, by the retaining plate? Can you remove that plate (if it’s fitted) and try again?

I dont believe its an issue with stuck keys. I've gotten the code to work correctly and midi appears to be functioning ok except that the midi indicator stays lit. If I press and release each key, samples/notes play and then release/sustain properly so not sure what's going on.

Hey @joeynuggetz! Finally had a chance to plug my keypad in and try this out. I've realised what's causing this. It's because if the keys aren't pressed then logic dictates that they are released, so the else clause sends out the note off messages, and this will happen continuously. It's not really a problem, I think, as the MIDI bus should be capable of handling it.

Hi @sandyjmacdonald
I have tested your code with the modifications of @kenimaister and it does work fine with Ableton Live 11 lite. So I would like to thank you for your good work!
After reading your last post I deleted the NoteOff command in Line 76 and the program is still working fine with Ableton.
I also tested it with two other DAWs without any problems.

Hi @kenimaister thank you for your comment, it fixed my problem of the mirrored (inverted?) keys! Now I can enjoy using the keypad with Ableton without having to do some additional mental gymnastics! And also thank you again to @sandyjmacdonald for the code! It has gotten me into playing around with making some fun tracks and I have also gotten addtional MIDI equipment to do more fun stuff! You're all wonderful!

Would anyone here have any info on how to add a few buttons and a slide pot to this code?
I made a small macropad (have not wired it yet) and I would like to add it in addition to the pico Rob keypad.
Any help would be super appreciated!!

Would anyone here have any info on how to add a few buttons and a slide pot to this code? I made a small macropad (have not wired it yet) and I would like to add it in addition to the pico Rob keypad. Any help would be super appreciated!!

I have just started playing with circuitpython midi libs and I have a similar setup: two buttons instead of 9, and a rotary encoder instead of a slide pot. But maybe you could adapt it.

import time
import board
import digitalio
import rotaryio

import usb_midi
import adafruit_midi
from adafruit_midi.control_change import ControlChange

midi_usb_c0 = adafruit_midi.MIDI(midi_out=usb_midi.ports[1], out_channel=0)
midi_usb_c1 = adafruit_midi.MIDI(midi_out=usb_midi.ports[1], out_channel=1)
cc_number = 0

button = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.GP1)
button.direction = digitalio.Direction.INPUT
button.pull = digitalio.Pull.UP
button_last = None

btns = [digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.GP4), digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.GP5)]
btns_last = [None, None]
btns_cc_values = [0, 0]
for b in btns:
    b.direction = digitalio.Direction.INPUT
    b.pull = digitalio.Pull.UP

encoder = rotaryio.IncrementalEncoder(board.GP2, board.GP3)
enc_last = None
enc_min = 0
enc_max = 127
encoder.position = 64

while True:
    enc = encoder.position
    btns_changed = any([bl != b.value for bl, b in zip(btns_last, btns)])
    if (enc_last != enc) or (button_last != button.value) or btns_changed:

        if enc > enc_max:
            enc = enc_max
        elif enc < enc_min:
            enc = enc_min
        encoder.position = enc
        
        # set current encoder value as button cc
        if (button_last != button.value) and (button.value is False):
            btns_cc_values[0] = enc
        
        # send discreete midi cc from button
        if btns_changed:
            midi_usb_c1.send(ControlChange(cc_number, btns_cc_values[0]))
            print("Button seinding midi cc", btns_cc_values[0])
        
        if (enc_last != enc):
            midi_usb_c0.send(ControlChange(cc_number, enc))
            print(
                "Button values", button.value,
                [btns[i].value for i in range(len(btns))],
                "Rotary encoder", enc)

        enc_last = enc
        button_last = button.value
        for i in range(len(btns)):
            btns_last[i] = btns[i].value