So far, all the properties we have written have tested stateless code. Stateless code is made up of pure functions and is inherently easier to test than stateful code with side effects. The chief problem with testing stateful code is that the input to output mapping depends on the current state of the program. Previous operations can cause the same function to return different output given the same input. Therefore, in order to test stateful code, our tests must maintain some state of their own. This state is known as the model state and is updated as part of the testing process.
- General Background and Overview
 
- Probabilistic Data Structures for Web Analytics and Data Mining : A great overview of the space of probabilistic data structures and how they are used in approximation algorithm implementation.
 - Models and Issues in Data Stream Systems
 - Philippe Flajolet’s contribution to streaming algorithms : A presentation by Jérémie Lumbroso that visits some of the hostorical perspectives and how it all began with Flajolet
 - Approximate Frequency Counts over Data Streams by Gurmeet Singh Manku & Rajeev Motwani : One of the early papers on the subject.
 - [Methods for Finding Frequent Items in Data Streams](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.187.9800&rep
 
  
    
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  | import urllib2 | |
| import re | |
| import sys | |
| from collections import defaultdict | |
| from random import random | |
| """ | |
| PLEASE DO NOT RUN THIS QUOTED CODE FOR THE SAKE OF daemonology's SERVER, IT IS | |
| NOT MY SERVER AND I FEEL BAD FOR ABUSING IT. JUST GET THE RESULTS OF THE | |
| CRAWL HERE: http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=nqpsnTtW AND SAVE THEM TO "archive.txt" | 
ror, scala, jetty, erlang, thrift, mongrel, comet server, my-sql, memchached, varnish, kestrel(mq), starling, gizzard, cassandra, hadoop, vertica, munin, nagios, awstats
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  | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- | |
| """ | |
| Builds epub book out of Paul Graham's essays: http://paulgraham.com/articles.html | |
| Author: Ola Sitarska <ola@sitarska.com> | |
| Copyright: Licensed under the GPL-3 (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html) | |
| This script requires python-epub-library: http://code.google.com/p/python-epub-builder/ | |
| """ |