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March 18, 2012 10:58
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EXAMPLES | |
find /tmp -name core -type f -print | xargs /bin/rm -f | |
Find files named core in or below the directory /tmp and delete them. Note that this will work incorrectly if | |
there are any filenames containing newlines, single or double quotes, or spaces. | |
find /tmp -name core -type f -print0 | xargs -0 /bin/rm -f | |
Find files named core in or below the directory /tmp and delete them, processing filenames in such a way that | |
file or directory names containing single or double quotes, spaces or newlines are correctly handled. The -name | |
test comes before the -type test in order to avoid having to call stat(2) on every file. | |
find . -type f -exec file '{}' \; | |
Runs `file' on every file in or below the current directory. Notice that the braces are enclosed in single quote | |
marks to protect them from interpretation as shell script punctuation. The semicolon is similarly protected by | |
the use of a backslash, though single quotes could have been used in that case also. | |
find / \ | |
\( -perm -4000 -fprintf /root/suid.txt %#m %u %p\n \) , \ | |
\( -size +100M -fprintf /root/big.txt %-10s %p\n \) | |
Traverse the filesystem just once, listing setuid files and directories into /root/suid.txt and large files into | |
/root/big.txt. | |
find $HOME -mtime 0 | |
Search for files in your home directory which have been modified in the last twenty-four hours. This command | |
works this way because the time since each file was last modified is divided by 24 hours and any remainder is | |
discarded. That means that to match -mtime 0, a file will have to have a modification in the past which is less | |
than 24 hours ago. | |
find /sbin /usr/sbin -executable \! -readable -print | |
Search for files which are executable but not readable. | |
find . -perm 664 | |
Search for files which have read and write permission for their owner, and group, but which other users can read | |
but not write to. Files which meet these criteria but have other permissions bits set (for example if someone | |
can execute the file) will not be matched. | |
find . -perm -664 | |
Search for files which have read and write permission for their owner and group, and which other users can read, | |
without regard to the presence of any extra permission bits (for example the executable bit). This will match a | |
file which has mode 0777, for example. | |
find . -perm /222 | |
Search for files which are writable by somebody (their owner, or their group, or anybody else). | |
find . -perm /220 | |
find . -perm /u+w,g+w | |
find . -perm /u=w,g=w | |
All three of these commands do the same thing, but the first one uses the octal representation of the file mode, | |
and the other two use the symbolic form. These commands all search for files which are writable by either their | |
owner or their group. The files don't have to be writable by both the owner and group to be matched; either will | |
do. | |
find . -perm -220 | |
find . -perm -g+w,u+w | |
Both these commands do the same thing; search for files which are writable by both their owner and their group. | |
find . -perm -444 -perm /222 ! -perm /111 | |
find . -perm -a+r -perm /a+w ! -perm /a+x | |
These two commands both search for files that are readable for everybody ( -perm -444 or -perm -a+r), have at | |
least one write bit set ( -perm /222 or -perm /a+w) but are not executable for anybody ( ! -perm /111 and ! -perm | |
/a+x respectively). | |
cd /source-dir | |
find . -name .snapshot -prune -o \( \! -name *~ -print0 \)| | |
cpio -pmd0 /dest-dir | |
This command copies the contents of /source-dir to /dest-dir, but omits files and directories named .snapshot | |
(and anything in them). It also omits files or directories whose name ends in ~, but not their contents. The | |
construct -prune -o \( ... -print0 \) is quite common. The idea here is that the expression before -prune | |
matches things which are to be pruned. However, the -prune action itself returns true, so the following -o | |
ensures that the right hand side is evaluated only for those directories which didn't get pruned (the contents of | |
the pruned directories are not even visited, so their contents are irrelevant). The expression on the right hand | |
side of the -o is in parentheses only for clarity. It emphasises that the -print0 action takes place only for | |
things that didn't have -prune applied to them. Because the default `and' condition between tests binds more | |
tightly than -o, this is the default anyway, but the parentheses help to show what is going on. | |
find repo/ -exec test -d {}/.svn -o -d {}/.git -o -d {}/CVS ; \ | |
-print -prune | |
Given the following directory of projects and their associated SCM administrative directories, perform an effi‐ | |
cient search for the projects' roots: | |
repo/project1/CVS | |
repo/gnu/project2/.svn | |
repo/gnu/project3/.svn | |
repo/gnu/project3/src/.svn | |
repo/project4/.git | |
In this example, -prune prevents unnecessary descent into directories that have already been discovered (for | |
example we do not search project3/src because we already found project3/.svn), but ensures sibling directories | |
(project2 and project3) are found. |
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