Visualforce page to display google map with your current position. Tested in Salesforce1

CurrentLocation.page

<apex:page standardController="Account" docType="html-5.0" showHeader="false" sidebar="false" standardStylesheets="false" >
    <style>
      #map {
        width: 100%;
        height: 400px;
      }
    </style>

    <div id="map">Loading map ...</div>

    <script>

        renderMap = function (canvas, latitude, longitude) {
            var latLng = {lat: latitude, lng: longitude};
            var map = new google.maps.Map(canvas, {
                center: latLng,
                zoom: 14
            });
            var marker = new google.maps.Marker({
                position: latLng,
                map: map,
                title: 'You Are Here'
            });
        }
        
          function initMap() {
            var mapDiv = document.getElementById('map');
    
            if (navigator.geolocation) {
                navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(
                    function (position) {
                        renderMap(mapDiv, position.coords.latitude, position.coords.longitude);

                    },
                    function(error) {
                        document.getElementById('map').innerHTML = 'Error:' + error.code + ' x ' + error.message;
                    }
                );
                
            } else {
                document.getElementById('map').innerHTML = 'Geolocation not supported';
            }
    
          }
    </script>
    <script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?callback=initMap"></script>

</apex:page>

So what is the error you get?
Maybe it has to do with HTTPS. Since version 50 chrome does not allow geolocation from unsecured pages.