result.swift

#!/usr/bin/env xcrun swift -i

import Foundation

enum Result<T, E> {
    
    /*
        We can't use this at the moment due to a LLVM Error:
        error: unimplemented IR generation feature non-fixed multi-payload enum layout
        LLVM ERROR: unimplemented IRGen feature! non-fixed multi-payload enum layout
        case Success(T)
        case Failure(E)
    */
    
    case Success(@auto_closure() -> T)
    case Failure(@auto_closure() -> E)
    
    func isSuccess() -> Bool {
        switch self {
            case .Success: return true
            default: return false
        }
    }
    
    func isFailure() -> Bool {
        return !self.isSuccess()
    }
    
    func success() -> T? {
        switch self {
            case .Success(let x): return Optional.Some(x())
            default: return nil
        }
    }    
    
    func failure() -> E? {
        switch self {
            case .Failure(let e): return Optional.Some(e())
            default: return nil
        }
    }
    
    func map<U>(op: T -> U) -> Result<U, E> {
        switch self {
            case .Success(let x): return .Success(op(x()))
            case .Failure(let x): return .Failure(x())
        }
    }
    
    func mapFailure<F>(op: E -> F) -> Result<T,F> {
        switch self {
            case .Success(let t): return .Success(t)
            case .Failure(let e): return .Failure(op(e()))
        }
    }
    
    func and<U>(res: Result<U, E>) -> Result<U, E> {
        switch self {
            case .Success: return res
            case .Failure(let e): return .Failure(e())
        }
    }
    
    func andThen<U>(op: T -> Result<U, E>) -> Result<U, E> {
        switch self {
            case .Success(let t): return op(t())
            case .Failure(let e): return .Failure(e)
        }
    }
    
    func or(res: Result<T, E>) -> Result<T, E> {
        switch self {
            case .Success: return self
            case .Failure: return res
        }
    }
    
    func orElse<F>(op: E -> Result<T, F>) -> Result<T, F> {
        switch self {
            case .Success(let t): return .Success(t())
            case .Failure(let e): return op(e())
        }
    }
    
    func unwrapOr(optb: T) -> T {
        switch self {
            case .Success(let t): return t()
            case .Failure: return optb
        }
    }
    
    func unwrapOrElse(op: E -> T) -> T {
        switch self {
            case .Success(let t): return t()
            case .Failure(let e): return op(e())
        }
    }
    
    // Fails if the value is an `Failure`, with a custom failure message provided
    // by the `Failure`'s value.
    // caller line && file, otherwise would git the current line where the fatalError is called
    func unwrap(file: StaticString = __FILE__, line: UWord = __LINE__) -> T {
        switch self {
            case .Success(let x): return x()
            case .Failure(let e): fatalError("unexpectedly found a Failure while unwrapping a Result value", file:file, line:line)
        }
    }
    
    // Fails if the value is an `Success`, with a custom failure message provided
    // by the `Success`'s value.
    // caller line && file, otherwise would git the current line where the fatalError is called
    func unwrapError(file: StaticString = __FILE__, line: UWord = __LINE__) -> E {
        switch self {
            case .Failure(let e): return e()
            case .Success(let x): fatalError("unexpectedly found a Success while unwrapping a Result value", file:file, line:line)
        }
    }

}

extension Result : Printable {
    var description : String {
        switch self {
            case .Success(let x): return ".Success(\(x()))"
            case .Failure(let e): return ".Failure(\(e()))"
        } 
    }
}

extension Result : LogicValue {
    func getLogicValue() -> Bool {
        return self.isSuccess()
    }
}



enum Version : Printable {
    case Version1, Version2
    
    var description : String {
        switch self {
            case .Version1: return "Version1"
            case .Version2: return "Version2"
        } 
    }
}

typealias IOResult = Result<NSData, NSError>

func readFile(path:String) -> IOResult {
    var maybeError:NSError?
    let url:NSURL = NSURL(string: path)
    let handler:NSFileHandle? = NSFileHandle.fileHandleForReadingFromURL(url, error:&maybeError)
    if let file = handler { 
        return .Success(file.availableData) 
    } else if let error = maybeError { 
        return .Failure(error) 
    } else { // should never happen, unless NSURL initialization fails...
        let userInfo = ["reason":"An unknown error has occurred"]
        return .Failure(NSError(domain: "SwiftIO", code: -2, userInfo: userInfo))
    }
}


func parseVersion(header: [UInt8]) -> Result<Version,  String> {
    if header.count < 1 { return .Failure("invalid header length") }
    switch header[0] {
        case 1: return .Success(.Version1)
        case 2: return .Success(.Version2)
        default: return .Failure("invalid version")
    }
}



// IOResult for reading files
let profile = readFile("\(NSHomeDirectory())/.profile")
let result:Result<String, NSError> = profile.map { x in NSString(data:x, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding) }
println(result.description) 

// header parsing
let header = parseVersion([0, 2, 3, 4])
if  let version =  header.success() {
    println("working with version: \(version)")
} else if let error = header.failure() {
    println("error parsing header: \(error)")
}