Yes, this is a fascinating and challenging problem that touches on low-level x86 architecture, instruction encoding, and algorithmic thinking. The answer is yes, it is possible, though with significant constraints and a very clever approach.
The most well-known solution to a similar problem (creating a "polyglot" file that is also an x86 sorter) was presented by Christopher Domas (xoreaxeax) in his "Sandy Hook" project. The core sorting mechanism he used can be adapted here.
The Core Idea: ARPL
-based Sorting Network
ARPL
Instruction: The key is theARPL
(Adjust RPL Field of Segment Selector) instruction. Its opcode is0x63
. It takes two operands,ARPL r/m16, r16
. For example,ARPL AX, CX
. While its original purpose is related to protection mechanisms in 286+ processors, it has a side effect: it compares the RPL fields (lowest 2 bits) of the two operands. Ifr/m16.RPL < r16.RPL
, it sets the Zero Flag (ZF=1) and setsr/m16.RPL = r16.RPL
. Otherwise, ZF=0 andr/m16
is unch