I have a test application running at test.rsscloud.io on ports 80 and 9876.
The following code works:
curl --location --request POST 'https://brokenriverbooks.com/?rsscloud=notify' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' \
--data-urlencode 'domain=test.rsscloud.io' \
--data-urlencode 'port=80' \
--data-urlencode 'path=/feedupdated-s8759' \
--data-urlencode 'registerProcedure=' \
--data-urlencode 'protocol=http-post' \
--data-urlencode 'url1=https://brokenriverbooks.com/feed/'
However if you change the port to 9876 it fails. For some reason the rssCloud plugin seems unable to hit ports that are not 80.
First thing I'd check is to review the error logs for the site, just to make sure nothing went sideways.
Next, is there anything on the site that would interfere with the WordPress cron feature? And does the site get plenty of page views, to give an opportunity for the cron feature to run.
It might also be worthwhile checking on the cron jobs inside the WordPress install, a plugin like https://wordpress.org/plugins/wp-crontrol/ should be sufficient for that.