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@ericnormand
Last active September 18, 2020 15:14
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395 PurelyFunctional.tv Newsletter

Seasons

Well, it's Hurricane Season here in the Gulf South. But that's not the kind of seasons I'm talking about now.

Your job is to take a month (keyword) day (number) and a hemisphere (:north or :south) and determine which season it is (return a keyword), according to this handy table.

Start       End         North  South
March 1     May 31      Spring Autumn
June 1      August 31   Summer Winter
September 1 November 30 Autumn Spring
December 1  February 29 Winter Summer

Example:

(which-season :north :march 5) ;=> :spring
(which-season :south :december 25) ;=> :summer

Thanks to this site for the challenge idea where it is considered Hard level in JavaScript.

Please submit your solutions as comments to this gist. Discussion is welcome.

@dfuenzalida
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dfuenzalida commented Sep 16, 2020

This solution parses the text and also takes care of the days at the beginning of the year, which are tricky:

(ns season.core
  (:require [clojure.string :refer [lower-case]]
            [clojure.edn :as edn]))

(def input
  "Start       End         North  South
   March 1     May 31      Spring Autumn
   June 1      August 31   Summer Winter
   September 1 November 30 Autumn Spring
   December 1  February 29 Winter Summer")

(def months
  (apply array-map
         [:january 31 :february 29 :march 31 :april 30 :may 31 :june 30
          :july 31 :august 31 :september 30 :october 31 :november 30 :december 31]))

(defn day-of-year [month day-of-month]
  (let [days  (->> (take-while #(not= month %) (keys months))
                   (map months))]
    (reduce + day-of-month days)))

(def keywordize
  (comp keyword lower-case))

(defn normalize [start end]
  (let [end (if (> start end) (+ end 365) end)]
    [start end]))

(defn make-range [[month1 day1 month2 day2 season1 season2]]
  (let [start   (day-of-year (keywordize month1) (edn/read-string day1))
        end     (day-of-year (keywordize month2) (edn/read-string day2))
        seasons {:north (keywordize season1) :south (keywordize season2)}]
    [(normalize start end) seasons]))

(def make-ranges-table
  (delay (->> (re-seq #"\w+" input)
              (drop 4)
              (partition 6)
              (map make-range))))

(defn which-season* [hemi month day]
  (let [doy (day-of-year month day)
        row (first
             (filter (fn [[[lo hi] _]] (<= lo doy hi))
                     @make-ranges-table))
        [_ seasons] row]
    (get seasons hemi)))

(defn which-season [hemi month day]
  (or (which-season* hemi month day)
      (which-season* hemi month (+ 365 day))))

(comment
  (which-season :north :march 5) ;=> :spring
  (which-season :south :december 25) ;=> :summer
  (which-season :south :january 2) ;=> :summer
  )

@emeraldimp
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A simpler F# version:

    type Hemisphere = North | South
    
    type Month = January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December
    
    type Season = Spring | Summer | Autumn | Winter

    let whichSeason hemisphere month day =
        let invertSeason season =
            match season with
            | Spring -> Autumn
            | Summer -> Winter
            | Autumn -> Spring
            | Winter -> Summer

        let northernSeason month =
            match month with
            | March | April | May -> Spring
            | June | July | August -> Summer
            | September | October | November -> Autumn
            | December | January | February -> Winter
        
        match hemisphere with
            | North -> northernSeason month
            | South -> invertSeason (northernSeason month)

@msladecek
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msladecek commented Sep 18, 2020

I first started with a nested map with month and then hemisphere for keys.
Then I wanted to extend the solution to also cover astronomical seasons, while keeping the (get-in seasons [date hemisphere]) pattern.

Here it goes

(def month->int (zipmap [:january :february :march :april :may :june :july :august :september :october :november :december]
                        (range)))

(defn date<= [& dates]
  (->> dates
       (map (fn [[month day]] [(month->int month) day]))
       (partition 2 1)
       (map #(apply compare %))
       (every? #(<= % 0))))

(def seasons-astronomical
  (reify clojure.lang.ILookup
    (valAt [this date]
      (cond
        (date<= [:march     21] date [:june      20]) {:north :spring :south :autumn}
        (date<= [:june      21] date [:september 22]) {:north :summer :south :winter}
        (date<= [:september 23] date [:december  20]) {:north :autumn :south :spring}
        (or (date<= [:december 21] date [:december 31])
            (date<= [:january   1] date [:march    20])) {:north :winter :south :summer}))))


(def seasons-meteorological
  (reify clojure.lang.ILookup
    (valAt [this [month _]]
      (let [by-season {#{:march     :april   :may}      {:north :spring :south :autumn}
                       #{:june      :july    :august}   {:north :summer :south :winter}
                       #{:september :october :november} {:north :autumn :south :spring}
                       #{:december  :january :february} {:north :winter :south :summer}}
            by-month (into {}
                           (mapcat
                            (fn [[months by-hemisphere]]
                              (for [month months]
                                [month by-hemisphere]))
                            by-season))]
        (by-month month)))))

(defn which-season
  ([hemisphere month day]
   (get-in seasons-meteorological [[month day] hemisphere]))
  ([seasons hemisphere month day]
   (get-in seasons [[month day] hemisphere])))


(which-season :north :march 5) ;=> :spring
(which-season :south :december 25) ;=> :summer

(which-season seasons-astronomical :north :march 5) ;=> :winter
(which-season seasons-astronomical :south :december 25) ;=> :summer

@sztamas
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sztamas commented Sep 18, 2020

;; Vector of seasons in order containing the months in each season.
;; Starts with spring in northern hemisphere (autumn in southern hemisphere).
(def seasons [#{:march :april :may}
              #{:june :july :august}
              #{:september :october :november}
              #{:december :january :february}])

;; Can be left out if we don't validate days
(defn max-days-in-month [month]
  (condp contains? month
    #{:february}                         29
    #{:april :june :september :november} 30
    31))

(def season-names {:north [:spring :summer :autumn :winter]
                   :south [:autumn :winter :spring :summer]})

(defn season-index [month]
  (first (keep-indexed #(when (%2 month) %1) seasons)))

(defn which-season
  [hemisphere month day]
  {:pre [(contains? season-names hemisphere)
         (season-index month)
         (<= 1 day (max-days-in-month month))]}
  (let [seasons (hemisphere season-names)]
    (seasons (season-index month))))

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