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localhost SSL with puma
# 1) Create your private key (any password will do, we remove it below)
$ cd ~/.ssh
$ openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.orig.key 2048
# 2) Remove the password
$ openssl rsa -in server.orig.key -out server.key
# 3) Generate the csr (Certificate signing request) (Details are important!)
$ openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
# IMPORTANT
# MUST have localhost.ssl as the common name to keep browsers happy
# (has to do with non internal domain names ... which sadly can be
# avoided with a domain name with a "." in the middle of it somewhere)
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:
...
Common Name: localhost.ssl
...
# 4) Generate self signed ssl certificate
$ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
# 5) Finally Add localhost.ssl to your hosts file
$ echo "127.0.0.1 localhost.ssl" | sudo tee -a /private/etc/hosts
# 6) Boot puma
$ puma -b 'ssl://127.0.0.1:3000?key=/Users/tadas/.ssh/server.key&cert=/Users/tadas/.ssh/server.crt'
# 7) Add server.crt as trusted !!SYSTEM!! (not login) cert in the mac osx keychain
# Open keychain tool, drag .crt file to system, and trust everything.
# Notes:
# 1) Https traffic and http traffic can't be served from the same process. If you want
# both you need to start two instances on different ports.
#
#
@mdchaney
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mdchaney commented Jun 23, 2017

The first two instructions here are extraneous. If you simply eliminate the "-des3" in the first statement then there's no need to remove the passphrase later.

  1. openssl genrsa -out server.key 4096
  2. openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
  3. openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

You can do it in a single command if you like, instructions here:

https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSWHYP_4.0.0/com.ibm.apimgmt.cmc.doc/task_apionprem_gernerate_self_signed_openSSL.html

As above, to make Puma listen on 3001 for an SSL connection, add this to your config/puma.rb file:

# On development, run ssl server on port 3001
if ENV.fetch("RAILS_ENV") == 'development'
  ssl_bind '127.0.0.1', '3001', {
    key: ENV.fetch("SSL_KEY_PATH"),
    cert: ENV.fetch("SSL_CERT_PATH"),
    verify_mode: 'none'
  }
end

Make sure to set up environment variables for SSL_KEY_PATH and SSL_CERT_PATH, or replace "ENV.fetch..." above with actual paths.

@craineum
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craineum commented Jul 19, 2017

Okay, after much fussing about I got this working. It took two things from the original doc:

  1. @ericchen post got the ssl errors to go away. This should have been it, but then
  2. SSL was crashing puma because of: puma/puma#1214, so I ended running off master until they get this merged in.

@daya
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daya commented Aug 2, 2017

@craineum would you mind sharing your solution I am having exact same problem on

  • Mac OS Sierra 10.12.6 (16G29)
  • Rails 5.0.1

I have tried running puma off of master along with @mdchaney and @ericchen steps ... but I continue to get the same error

2017-08-01 22:34:10 -0500: HTTP parse error, malformed request (): #<Puma::HttpParserError: Invalid HTTP format, parsing fails.>

@Casual3498
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Thank you!
On my elementaryOS (ubuntu 16.04) worked.
Only I replace "/private/etc/hosts" on "/etc/hosts"
and "/Users/user_name" on "/home/user_name"

@joelvh
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joelvh commented Oct 4, 2017

@timoschilling any luck binding SSL and TCP both to the same port? I'm trying to get Rails' force_ssl to redirect from HTTP to HTTPS, but that would mean it's on the same port. This is for local only.

Thanks!

@yuri-zubov
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mkdir config/certs && touch config/certs/.keep

puma.rb

if Rails.env.development?
  unless File.exist?(Rails.root.join('config', 'certs', 'localhost.key'))
    def generate_root_cert(root_key)
      root_ca = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new
      root_ca.version = 2 # cf. RFC 5280 - to make it a "v3" certificate
      root_ca.serial = 0x0
      root_ca.subject = OpenSSL::X509::Name.parse "/C=BE/O=A1/OU=A/CN=localhost"
      root_ca.issuer = root_ca.subject # root CA's are "self-signed"
      root_ca.public_key = root_key.public_key
      root_ca.not_before = Time.now
      root_ca.not_after = @root_ca.not_before + 2 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 # 2 years validity
      root_ca.sign(root_key, OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.new)
      root_ca
    end

    root_key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(2048)
    file = File.new( Rails.root.join('config', 'certs', 'localhost.key'), "wb")
    file.write(root_key)
    file.close

    root_cert = generate_root_cert(root_key)

    file = File.new( Rails.root.join('config','certs', 'localhost.cert'), "wb")
    file.write(root_cert)
    file.close
  end

  ssl_bind '0.0.0.0', '8443', {
      key: Rails.root.join('config','certs', 'localhost.key'),
      cert: Rails.root.join('config','certs', 'localhost.cert')
  }
end

.gitignore

/config/certs/*
!/config/certs/.keep

@Petercopter
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@yuri-zubov Great! I think you might have won this thread! Your solution works for me.

Minor change:

root_ca.not_after = @root_ca.not_before + 2 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 # 2 years validity

becomes

root_ca.not_after = root_ca.not_before + 2 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 # 2 years validity

It's not an instance variable, it's a local variable. Thanks!

@Petercopter
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There appears to be some kind of issue with Puma 3.11 and localhost SSL. Going back to 3.10 for now doesn't display the same error.
puma/puma#1483

@rajeshm15
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@yuri-zubov @Petercopter Thanks. Only solution that works for me after trying many different things.
While everything seems to work fine, puma generates this error message:
"peer cert: , #<Puma::MiniSSL::SSLError: System error: Success - 0>"
I'm using Puma 3.10.0, Rails 5.2.0.rc1 and Ruby 2.5.

@benpixel
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benpixel commented Apr 4, 2018

@Petercopter @rajeshm15 I was getting the same error and then tried opening the whole URL displayed after starting the server:
https://localhost:8443/?cert=/Users/benjam1n/Development/testing/config/certs/localhost.cert&key=/Users/benjam1n/Development/testing/config/certs/localhost.key&verify_mode=none
...and it worked 👍

@jarvisjohnson
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jarvisjohnson commented Apr 15, 2018

Worth noting you can definitely just run the rails server in this fashion, so you still get the rails logs without any extra configuration:
rails s -b 'ssl://127.0.0.1:3000?key=/Users/{{username}}/.ssh/server.key&cert=/Users/{{username}}/.ssh/server.crt'

@djadma
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djadma commented Apr 17, 2018

Hello Guys,
I'm getting the error when I run the openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
Error Loading extension section v3_ca

140274425202328:error:22075075:X509 V3 routines:v2i_GENERAL_NAME_ex:unsupported option:v3_alt.c:550:name=subjectKeyIdentifier
140274425202328:error:22098080:X509 V3 routines:X509V3_EXT_nconf:error in extension:v3_conf.c:95:name=subjectAltName, value=@alt_names

Also, getting when run rails server
2018-04-17 15:16:36 +0530: SSL error, peer: 127.0.0.1, peer cert: , #<Puma::MiniSSL::SSLError: OpenSSL error: error:1408A0C1:SSL routines:ssl3_get_client_hello:no shared cipher - 336109761>

@Bodacious
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I'm also seeing the above error reported by @djadma. This was working for me for months until today.

@stiller-leser
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stiller-leser commented May 23, 2018

There's a small issue in @yuri-zubov's awesome gist. It has to be root_ca.not_after = root_ca.not_before + 2 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 # 2 years validity, not root_ca.not_after = @root_ca.not_before + 2 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 # 2 years validity - without the @.

Below is a version adapted for the use with Puma, but without Rails (e.g. for Grape):

localhost_key = "#{Dir.pwd}/#{File.join('config', 'certs', 'localhost.key')}"
localhost_crt = "#{Dir.pwd}/#{File.join('config', 'certs', 'localhost.crt')}"

unless File.exist?(localhost_key)
  def generate_root_cert(root_key)
    root_ca = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new
    root_ca.version = 2 # cf. RFC 5280 - to make it a "v3" certificate
    root_ca.serial = 0x0
    root_ca.subject = OpenSSL::X509::Name.parse "/C=BE/O=A1/OU=A/CN=localhost"
    root_ca.issuer = root_ca.subject # root CA's are "self-signed"
    root_ca.public_key = root_key.public_key
    root_ca.not_before = Time.now
    root_ca.not_after = root_ca.not_before + 2 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 # 2 years validity
    root_ca.sign(root_key, OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.new)
    root_ca
  end

  root_key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(2048)
  file = File.new(localhost_key, "wb")
  file.write(root_key)
  file.close

  root_cert = generate_root_cert(root_key)

  file = File.new(localhost_crt, "wb")
  file.write(root_cert)
  file.close
end

# To be able to use rake etc
if self.respond_to?(:ssl_bind)
  ssl_bind '0.0.0.0', '8443', {
    key: localhost_key,
    cert: localhost_crt
  }
end

@mingca
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mingca commented May 25, 2018

This works. But when I am trying to access assets in sidekiq it throws Openssl error.

open('https://localhost:3000/uploads/messasge_attachments/sms/cabff65057e09a8f.').read
OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError: SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=error: certificate verify failed
	from (irb):6

@webdevotion
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@stiller-leser's solution worked for me.

Thanks everyone who chimed in with their solutions and feedback.

  • puma (3.11.4)
  • rails 5.2.0
  • ruby 2.5
  • dockerized environment

My puma.rb:

# Puma can serve each request in a thread from an internal thread pool.
# The `threads` method setting takes two numbers: a minimum and maximum.
# Any libraries that use thread pools should be configured to match
# the maximum value specified for Puma. Default is set to 5 threads for minimum
# and maximum; this matches the default thread size of Active Record.
#
threads_count = ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS") { 5 }
threads threads_count, threads_count

# Specifies the `port` that Puma will listen on to receive requests; default is 3000.
#
port        ENV.fetch("PORT") { 3000 }

# Specifies the `environment` that Puma will run in.
#
environment ENV.fetch("RAILS_ENV") { "development" }

# Specifies the number of `workers` to boot in clustered mode.
# Workers are forked webserver processes. If using threads and workers together
# the concurrency of the application would be max `threads` * `workers`.
# Workers do not work on JRuby or Windows (both of which do not support
# processes).
#
# workers ENV.fetch("WEB_CONCURRENCY") { 2 }

# Use the `preload_app!` method when specifying a `workers` number.
# This directive tells Puma to first boot the application and load code
# before forking the application. This takes advantage of Copy On Write
# process behavior so workers use less memory.
#
# preload_app!

# Allow puma to be restarted by `rails restart` command.
plugin :tmp_restart


if Rails.env.development?

  localhost_key = "#{Dir.pwd}/#{File.join('config', 'certs', 'localhost.key')}"
  localhost_cert = "#{Dir.pwd}/#{File.join('config', 'certs', 'localhost.crt')}"

  unless File.exist?(localhost_key)
    def generate_root_cert(root_key)
      root_ca = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new
      root_ca.version = 2 # cf. RFC 5280 - to make it a "v3" certificate
      root_ca.serial = 0x0
      root_ca.subject = OpenSSL::X509::Name.parse "/C=BE/O=A1/OU=A/CN=localhost"
      root_ca.issuer = root_ca.subject # root CA's are "self-signed"
      root_ca.public_key = root_key.public_key
      root_ca.not_before = Time.now
      root_ca.not_after = root_ca.not_before + 2 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 # 2 years validity
      root_ca.sign(root_key, OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.new)
      root_ca
    end

    root_key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(2048)
    file = File.new( localhost_key, "wb")
    file.write(root_key)
    file.close

    root_cert = generate_root_cert(root_key)
    file = File.new( localhost_cert, "wb")
    file.write(root_cert)
    file.close
  end

  ssl_bind '0.0.0.0', '8443', {
    key: localhost_key,
    cert: localhost_cert
  }
end

@gugat
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gugat commented Sep 20, 2018

To fix "Your connection is not private" for Google Chrome, allow invalid certificates for resources loaded from localhost:

chrome://flags/#allow-insecure-localhost

image

@scottjacobsen
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There is a fantastic tool called mkcert which eliminates most of the pain of generating self signed certs and installing them as trusted certs on your machine - https://github.com/FiloSottile/mkcert. Way easier than trying wrangle OpenSSL commands and APIs.

@anon987654321
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For what it's worth, here's a simpler and more secure alternative to Linux for hosting your static sites and Rails apps on the same server: https://gist.github.com/anon987654321/4532cf8d6c59c1f43ec8973faa031103

@TheNotary
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I'm seeing this error on modern versions of Chrome.

2020-06-26 09:23:21 -0500: SSL error, peer: 127.0.0.1, peer cert: , #<Puma::MiniSSL::SSLError: OpenSSL error: error:141F7065:SSL routines:final_key_share:no suitable key share - 337604709>

According to google, this indicates that the cert generated in this guide is insecure and not supported in SSL 1.3

@anon987654321
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OpenSSL is fundamentally insecure. I'd recommend checking out my gist above which is based on OpenBSD's OpenSSL rewrite LibreSSL:

https://www.libressl.org/

OpenBSD's acme-client is also the most secure cert generator around. Check it out!

@TheNotary
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Can such cert be generated on a mac, @anon987654321? I'd love to get away from openssl, but it seems like it's the only TLS group that figured out how to do distribution of their software (which is clearly a bit less than ideal given their quality track record).

@liam-le-goldenowl
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thank you, it work for me

@etozzato
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etozzato commented Aug 6, 2021

Thank you for this great thread!

This is my adaptation: https://gist.github.com/etozzato/0ba2140ea3c6125d4839373309fe733a

  • Allows for a domain and wildcard subdomain;
  • Cleans up after itself in case of error;
  • Will still boot puma (no SSL) in case of error;

@basicfeatures
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@TheNotary thanks for getting back at me. You'd probably have to spawn a new server using OpenBSD, check out:

https://github.com/basicfeatures/openbsd-rails

Does SSL/TLS termination before Puma as Puma isn't really suited for this. Check out https://github.com/ErwinM/acts_as_tenant for multiple domains/subdomains, or message me.

@etozzato I might be wrong, but your gist looks over-engineered.

@etozzato
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@etozzato I might be wrong, but your gist looks over-engineered.

yes, it's plausible! 👍

@calebhaye
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calebhaye commented Sep 27, 2021

You can generate a trusted localhost cert by using letsencrypt and creating a certificate like localhost.domain.com (or *.localhost.domain.com for wildcards), verify that with a dns challenge, which usually involves creating an _acme_challenge TXT record. Then, once you have passed the challenges and have the cert, point localhost.domain.com to 127.0.0.1

If you have a multi-tenant app, you can create a wildcard cert also, but you'll have to go through the extra step of manually adding subdomains to localhost.domain.com to/etc/hosts and your config/enviroments/development.rb (assuming this is a rails app)

@allencch
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In order to run with Rails (version 7),

bin/rails s -u puma -b 'ssl://127.0.0.1:3000?key=server.key&cert=server.crt&verify_mode=peer&ca=server.crt'

@pirkka
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pirkka commented May 27, 2022

There is a fantastic tool called mkcert which eliminates most of the pain of generating self signed certs and installing them as trusted certs on your machine - https://github.com/FiloSottile/mkcert. Way easier than trying wrangle OpenSSL commands and APIs.

I would like to recommend this approach as well.

I am no SSL guru, so I had a long battle trying to get local SSL to work a my new computer (it works fine on my older one). At some point I even had subjectively non-deterministic results where my SSL would work for a minute or two and then stop working with no apparent change in anything.

Using the mkcert on my macOS computer via homebrew solved the problem very quickly and easily.

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