#Topology in Geography
Topology is a broad branch of mathematics used to describe the fundamental structure of a shape or object within a space. Objects can be manipulated by stretching or compressing the shape’s components, but the tearing of or addition to its structure will break topology. According to the rules of topology, a doughnut and a coffee mug are equal.
###Topology example: ![Alt text] (http://i.imgur.com/sBP9p.gif)
Geography utilizes topology to project geometric objects from a 3D sphere onto a 2D coordinate system while allowing the shape to stay intact with some distortion.
###3D Sphere projections to 2D plane: