It's great for beginners. Then it turns into a mess.
- A huge ecosystem of good third-party libraries.
- Named arguments.
- Multiple inheritance.
- It's easy to learn and read. However, it's only easy to learn and read at the start. Once you get past "Hello world" Python can get really ugly and counterintuitive.
- The Pythonic philosophy that "There should be one -- and preferably only one -- obvious way to do it." As someone who loves working within rules and rigid frameworks, I love this philosophy! As someone who writes Python, I really wish Python actually stuck to this philosophy. See below.
- Forced indentation. Some love it because it enforces consistency and a degree of readability. Some hate it because they think it enforces the wrong consistency. To each their own.
- Dynamic typing. There are lots of dynamically-typed languages and lots of statically-typed languages. Which kind of typing is better isn't a Python debate, it's a general programming debate.
-
400 ways (more or less) to interpolate strings. This prints "Hello Robin!" 3 times:
user = {'name': "Robin"} print(f"Hello {user['name']}!") print("Hello {name}!".format(**user)) print("Hello %(name)s!" % user)
If there was a unique and obvious use-case for each of these then that would be one thing, but there's not.
-
69 top-level functions that you have to just memorize. GvR's explanation sounds nice, but in reality it makes things confusing.
-
map
doesn't return a list, even though the whole point of a mapping function is to create one list from another. Instead it returns amap
object, which is pretty much useless since it's missingappend
,reverse
, etc. So, you always have to wrap it inlist()
, or use a list comprehension, which, speaking of... -
List comprehensions are held up as an excellent recent-ish addition to Python. People say they're readable. That's true for simple examples (e.g.
[x**2 for x in range(10)]
) but horribly untrue for slightly more complex examples (e.g.[[row[i] for row in matrix] for i in range(4)]
). I chalk this up to... -
Weird ordering in ternary/one-line expressions. Most languages follow a consistent order where first you declare conditions, then you do stuff based the on those conditions:
if user.isSignedIn then user.greet else error
for user in signedInUsers do user.greet
Python does this in the opposite order:
user.greet if user.isSignedIn else error
[user.greet for user in signedInUsers]
This is fine for simple examples. It's bad for more complex logic because you have to first find the middle of the expression before you can really understand what you're reading.
-
Syntax for tuples. If you write a single-item tuple
(tuple,)
but forget the trailing comma, it's no longer a tuple but an expression. This is a really easy mistake to make. Considering the only difference between tuples and lists is mutability, it would make much more sense to use the same syntax[syntax]
as lists, which does not require a trailing comma, and add afreeze
orimmutable
method. Speaking of... -
There's no way to make
dict
s or complex objects immutable. -
Regular expressions require a lot of boilerplate:
re.compile(r"regex", re.I | re.M)
Compared to JavaScript or Ruby:
/regex/ig
-
The goofy string literal syntaxes:
f''
,u''
,b''
,r''
. -
The many "magic" __double-underscore__ attributes that you just have to memorize.
-
You can't reliably catch all errors and their messages in one statement. Instead you have to use something like
sys.exc_info()[0]
. You shouldn't have a catch-all in production of course, but in development it's very useful, so this unintuitive extra step is annoying.
Most programmers will acknowledge criticisms of their favorite language. Instead, Pythonists will say, "You just don't understand Python."
Most programmers will say a piece of code is bad if it's inefficient or hard to read. Pythonists will say a piece of code is bad if "it isn't Pythonic enough." This is about as helpful as someone saying your taste in music is bad because "it isn't cultured enough."
Pythonists have a bit of a superiority complex.
Going to toss my hat in the ring about what I have to say about Python.
Python is the most painful language that I have to deal with when working on Linux especially as an End User Perspective. There is absolutely no benefit to using Python from what I can observe in contrasts to literally every other programming language out there and I have worked across most programming languages, you name it, C/C++, Rust, DLang, Java, C#, Perl, Ruby, Javascript, Erlang, assembly, and more. Nothing stick out like a sore thumb like Python compared to all of them.
The most central problem with Python is ironically it's best aspect, the ecosystem itself. The problem is that the program that were shipped on Github, about 99% of the time, they fail outright, because they needed that one particular version of dependency to be made available, or that time progresses long enough that we end up having something like this:
You have something like Dependency A and B relying on sub-dependency of different versions and they cannot use one newer/older than the other, they have no flexibility and demand THAT ONE PARTICULAR VERSION ONLY! Python folks obviously tried to fix it by "packaging" it into a virtual environment or using Conda, but all of those fail too no matter what. Sure, you could literally go in and try to fix them yourself, but another bug pop up and another and another and another, it just won't end.
Here the log I get from trying to simply run "pip install conda" on a fresh Linux install.
Does that look like a reliable ecosystem/software/programming language to you? No.
Granted, there were some fantastic programs like MesonBuild, but even Meson took an extra step avoiding the aforementioned problems, they don't use ANY dependency when building Meson software, they either implement it from scratch or copy the code over to their MesonBuild project. There is also another program in development that may potentially replace MesonBuild altogether in C++ anyway.
All in all, for the love of god, please DO NOT develop with Python, pick anything else, LITERALLY ANYTHING, BUT PYTHON!